Ch3 Test Bank Answers Human Energy

Nutrition for Health, Fitness & Sport, 12e (Williams)

Chapter 3 Human Energy

1) Work may be expressed as foot-pounds, kilogram-meters, and joules. In essence then, to measure work one needs to know the weight of an object and the ________.

A) horizontal distance through which it moved

B) vertical distance through which it moved

C) time it took to move it

D) horizontal distance through which it moved and the time it took to move it

2) The immediate source of energy for all body processes, including muscle contraction, is ________.

A) muscle glycogen

B) adenosine triphosphate

C) phosphocreatine

D) both ATP and PC

3) A protein shake provides 20 grams of protein. The protein in the shake provides ________ kcal.

A) 80

B) 60

C) 100

D) 180

4) Which of the following activities relies most heavily on the lactic acid energy system?

A) Baseball

B) Sprint swim event

C) 400-meter run

D) Soccer

5) The oxygen system ________.

A) produces ATP in rather large quantities from other energy sources in the body

B) involves aerobic processing of carbohydrates to some extent, with major utilization of protein

C) is used primarily in sports that demand strenuous exercise

D) depends upon reactions that occur in the nucleus of the cell

6) Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

A) Increased muscle mass gained through weight training

B) Increased fat mass gained through excessive kcal intake

C) The breakdown of muscle glycogen into muscle glucose

D) The better use of oxygen following endurance training

7) Which of the following statements about anabolism is FALSE?

A) Anabolism is a destructive process.

B) Anabolism is a building-up process.

C) The process of anabolism often requires the input of energy.

D) An example of anabolism is making glycogen from glucose.

8) The elevation of the metabolic rate that occurs after ingestion of a meal is ________.

A) increased significantly by the ingestion of fat

B) accountable for less than 3 percent of the total daily energy expenditure

C) referred to as dietary-induced thermogenesis or thermic effect of food

D) significantly higher in obese subjects when compared to lean subjects

9) Which of the following factors is generally associated with an increase in resting energy expenditure?

A) Having a larger muscle mass, as compared to body fat

B) The aging process (i.e., REE is higher in adults than in children)

C) Being female

D) Being on a weight-loss diet and successfully losing weight

10) All of the following are laboratory techniques used to measure the role of the lactic acid system in exercise EXCEPT ________.

A) the anaerobic threshold

B) the steady-state threshold

C) maximal oxygen uptake

D) onset of blood lactic acid

11) Which of the following accounts for the largest component of the average adult's today daily energy expenditure?

A) Basal metabolism

B) Dietary-induced thermogenesis

C) Physical activity

D) Shivering thermogenesis

12) Genevieve is a professional athlete who regularly competes in power-lifting events. Which energy system is most important for Genevieve's success as a power-lifting athlete?

A) ATP-PCr system

B) Lactic acid energy system

C) Oxygen energy system

D) All of the energy systems are used equally during a power-lift

13) To determine a person's total daily expenditure (TDEE), add together their basal energy expenditure (BEE), thermic effort of food (TEF), and ________.

A) thermic effect of exercise (TEE)

B) basal metabolic rate (BMR)

C) resting metabolic rate (RMR)

D) VO2 max

14) George is playing in a competitive beach volleyball match.  Competitive volleyball is typically considered a ________ aerobic exercise.

A) moderate

B) light

C) moderately heavy

D) heavy

15) Callie is running in a 5K charity race. Her pace is about 8 mph. At that pace, Callie is likely burning ________ kcal per minute.

A) more than 10

B) 5–7

C) 8–10

D) 3–5

16) A type I muscle fiber ________.

A) is called a slow-twitch red fiber

B) can produce energy primarily by anaerobic processes

C) is also referred to as FOG

D) All of these statements apply to type I muscle fibers.

17) Type IIa muscle fibers ________.

A) are known as fast-twitch red fibers

B) can produce energy by aerobic processes only

C) can produce energy by the lactic acid system only

D) are also referred to as FG

18) Type IIb muscle fibers ________.

A) are also known as fast-twitch red fibers

B) produce energy primarily by anaerobic processes

C) use the ATP-PCr system at a slower rate than type I

D) are also referred to as FOG

19) Arthur is an elite long-distance cyclist who has achieved much success in his sport.  Genetically, Arthur likely has a higher concentration and activity of type I muscle fibers, as compared to type IIa or type IIb muscle fibers.

20) The main energy source for the lactic acid system during exercise is ________.

A) protein

B) phosphocreatine

C) carbohydrates

D) triglycerides

21) An athlete participating in an ultra-endurance run will rely most readily on which source of energy during the six hour event?

A) Glycogen found in the muscle, liver, and blood

B) Triglycerides

C) Carbohydrates

D) Protein

22) As you perform mild to moderate exercise (up to 50 percent of your VO2 max), you will use ________ to fuel that activity.

A) only carbohydrate energy sources

B) primarily blood glucose and fat

C) primarily protein

D) primarily liver glycogen

23) Ebony is spending the evening studying for a microbiology exam.  While Ebony is at rest studying, her body's primary sources of energy are ________.

A) carbohydrate and fat

B) carbohydrate and protein

C) protein and fat

D) vitamins and protein

24) Paolo eats a mixed diet of carbohydrate, protein, and fat.  When Paolo's body is at rest, approximately what percent of his total energy expenditure is derived from fat?

A) 60 percent

B) 50 percent

C) 40 percent

D) 30 percent

25) Which one of the following statements about fatigue is true?

A) Fatigue may only be physiological in nature.

B) The site of fatigue is classified solely in the central nervous system.

C) Fatigue is always due to an insufficient supply of the optimal energy source.

D) The most important factor in the prevention of fatigue during exercise is proper training.

26) Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of fatigue during exercise?

A) Increased blood volume

B) Impaired calcium recycling

C) Depletion of muscle glycogen

D) Increased serotonin levels

27) In very high-intensity exercise, lasting only one or two minutes, the probable cause of fatigue is ________.

A) a depletion of phosphocreatine

B) a depletion of carbohydrate stores

C) loss of lipid reserves

D) disruption of cellular metabolism caused by the accumulation of hydrogen ions

28) In many cases, fatigue during physical activity can be prevented and/or managed through proper physiological, psychological, and biomechanical training.  Which of the following is considered psychological training to prevent fatigue?

A) Meeting with a sports psychologist to manage the stress of competition

B) Proper training of specific energy systems

C) Training to optimize body composition

D) Consuming a diet rich in complex carbohydrates, lean protein, and healthy fats

29) If a 70-kilogram athlete is exercising at an oxygen consumption level of 2.94 liters (2,940ml) per minute, what is the approximate MET level?

A) 8

B) 10

C) 11

D) 12

E) 14

30) Trevon is slowly walking between classes.  If Trevon is walking at an intensity of 1 liter of oxygen per minute, about how many kcal will he burn during the 30 minute walk?

A) 150

B) 100

C) 300

D) 500

31) Which energy system would predominate in an all-out, high-intensity, 100-meter dash in track?

A) ATP-PCr (phosphagen)

B) Lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis)

C) Aerobic glycolysis

D) Aerobic lipolysis

E) Aerobic proteolysis

32) Which of the following activities is generally considered a light aerobic activity?

A) Golfing with cart

B) Walking 3–4 mph

C) Recreational singles tennis

D) Competitive badminton

E) All of these activities are considered light aerobic exercise.

33) Which of the following meals will most significantly increase the contribution of the thermic effect of food (TEF) to total daily energy expenditure?

A) High protein meal

B) High fat meal

C) High carbohydrate meal

D) Mixed meal

34) Which of the following energy stores in the human body stores the FEWEST kcal of potential energy?

A) Serum glucose

B) Muscle glycogen

C) Muscle protein

D) Adipose tissue triglycerides

35) For the average healthy adult, muscle glycogen represents the major storage form of potential energy in the body.

36) Which of the following statements concerning the interrelationships between various forms of energy is FALSE?

A) A kcal of energy is less than a kilojoule of energy

B) A liter of oxygen can help produce about five kcal when metabolizing carbohydrate

C) A gram of fat has more kcal than two grams of carbohydrate

D) A gram of fat has more kcal than a gram of protein

37) Maurice is running in a 10K road race next weekend. He will be running ________ miles during the 10 kilometer run.

A) 6.2

B) 4.5

C) 3.1

D) 7.8

38) Which energy substance is a DIRECT source of energy used by the body to perform a multitude of functions, such as muscle contraction?

A) Glycogen

B) Phosphocreatine (PC)

C) ATP

D) Glucose

E) Oxygen

39) Which of the following statements relative to exercise and metabolic rate is FALSE?

A) The intensity of the exercise is the most important factor to increase the metabolic rate

B) Increased efficiency for swimming a set distance will decrease the energy cost

C) A heavier, inefficient runner will burn fewer kcal running a mile than a lighter runner

D) Oxygen consumption and heart rate are two ways to monitor the metabolic rate

40) Which of the following statements about the resting metabolic rate (RMR) is FALSE?

A) It is lower than the metabolic rate when sleeping

B) It is higher in men than in women

C) It generally declines with age

D) It is increased somewhat for 30 minutes or more following a bout of intense exercise

E) It may be higher following the ingestion of caffeine

41) Which of the following energy systems will be most important during an endurance activity, such as long-distance cycling, swimming, or biking?

A) Oxygen energy system

B) Lactic acid energy system

C) PCr-ATP energy system

D) Lipolysis energy system

42) Which of the following statements about the lactic acid energy system is FALSE?

A) Requires oxygen

B) ATP can be produced rapidly

C) Most important in high intensity activities lasting 30 to 120 seconds

D) Can contribute to muscle fatigue

43) Which energy system leads to ATP production through the Krebs Cycle?

A) ATP-PCr

B) Anaerobic glycolysis

C) Lactic acid

D) Oxygen

44) Which of the following training adaptations would be MOST beneficial to an athlete competing in the 100-meter dash (less than 10 seconds)?

A) Increased number of mitochondria

B) Increased fat burning capacity

C) Increased efficiency of the electron transport system

D) Increased stores of phosphocreatine

45) If you were to stand up and sprint as fast as you could for about 10 seconds, what fuel sources would allow you to do this?

A) All stored ATP and phosphocreatine

B) All stored carbohydrate

C) All stored fat

D) Mostly stored ATP and phosphocreatine, but also some glycogen and fat

46) Brian learns in his favorite nutrition class that he gets a larger percentage of energy from fat when he is sleeping than when he runs intensely for 3 miles. He decides that the best way for him to reduce his body fat is by sleeping all day. What is going to happen to Brian?

A) Brian will lose the most fat if he sleeps all day.

B) Brian will only lose weight if he exercises at exercise intensities low enough to get him in his "fat burning zone."

C) Brian will burn mostly phosphocreatine and lactic acid as he sleeps, so this makes no sense.

D) Brian will not lose weight sleeping, it matters how many total kcal of fat he will expend, not what percentage of his expended kcal come from fat.

47) In humans, the majority of glucose is ________.

A) stored in the liver as glycogen

B) stored in the muscles as glycogen

C) carried in the blood as blood sugar

D) stored in the fat as monosaccharides

48) The rate of energy production for the ATP-PCr system is about ________, while the rate of energy production from fat is about ________.

A) 15 to 20 kcal/min; 2.5 kcal/min

B) 2.5 kcal/min; 15 to 20 kcal/min

C) 200 kcal/min; 25 kcal/min

D) 5 kcal/min; 5 kcal/min

49) The unit of measure equal to the energy needed to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius is a ________.

A) gram

B) calorie

C) tesla

D) kcal

50) During glycolysis, one six carbon sugar (glucose) is broken down to ________.

A) two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate

B) one 3-carbon molecule of pyruvate

C) six 4-carbon molecules of citrate

D) three NADH and four FADH2

51) Karl is exercising on the elliptical machine at the gym. As the intensity of his physical activity increases, his oxygen consumption will ________.

A) increase

B) decrease

C) stay the same

52) Work is one form of energy, often called mechanical energy.

53) The sun is the ultimate source of energy.

54) Calorimeters were developed to measure both chemical and mechanical energy.

55) Angelica weight 120 pounds, which is equal 1,200 ounces.

56) A granola bar has 10 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of fat, and 1 gram of protein. The granola bar provides 62 kcal.

57) The lactic acid system is a direct source of energy for muscular contraction.

58) When you are exercising, the most important factor influencing your exercise metabolic rate is the duration of the physical activity.

59) The MET is a unit that represents multiples of the thermal energy expenditure rate.

60) In general, the higher the percentage VO2 max during exercise, the greater the intensity of the physical activity.

61) During the recovery period after a person exercises, REE will likely remain elevated.

62) At high walking speeds, you may possibly expend more energy than if you jogged at the same speed.

63) The most important factor determining which energy system will be used is the intensity of the exercise.

64) The lactic acid system is the most important energy system for a high-jump track and field athlete.

65) According to the crossover concept, as the intensity of physical activity increases, the percentage of energy derived from fat will increase and carbohydrate will decrease. 

66) Chronic fatigue syndrome may be diagnosed by a health care provider when an individual has experienced prolonged and significant fatigue for at least six months.

67) As you exceed 50 percent of your VO2 max, you begin to rely more and more on fat as an energy source.

68) Jeo went for a 45-minute jog, running at a speed of about 9 mph. During that run, carbohydrates likely supplied the greatest percentage of the energy for the run.

69) Which of the following instruments is designed to provide an accurate measurement of work?

A) Ergometer

B) Calorimeter

C) Heart rate monitor

D) Watts

70) The measurement of heat production by the body is referred to as ________.

A) calorimetry

B) power

C) joules

D) ergometry

71) In some athletes, supplementing with creatine may maximize muscle PCr levels and enhance performance.

72) The ability to contract muscles rapidly is dependent on the number of ATP molecules present in the muscles.

73) The TDEE includes energy needed to maintain physiological processes, to ingest and digest food, and to perform physical activity.

74) Basal energy expenditure (BEE) is determined based on a person's resting metabolic rate (RMR).

75) The thermic effect of food (TEF) is greatest 5–6 hours after a meal. 

76) Health status, age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity all influence one's EER.

77) Ashlyn is a 16-year-old soccer player who, over the past six months, has been experiencing fatigue during her soccer matches. Her high school matches are usually about two or three hours after school and Ashlyn rarely eats a snack or meal after school. To help prevent fatigue during her soccer match, Ashlyn should consume a healthy, _______-rich snack after school and before her soccer matches.

A) carbohydrate

B) fat

C) fiber

D) protein

78) According to the available research, taking a branch-chained amino acid (BCAA) supplement may contribute to fatigue in athletes and, therefore, such supplements are not recommended.