Ch.3 Physical Development and Biological Aging Test Bank

Chapter 03

Test Bank

1. According to the cephalocaudal growth pattern, which of the following is likely to show fast growth first?A. legsB. handsC. brainD. stomachAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Patterns of Growth2. According to the proximodistal growth pattern, which of the following is likely to show growth earlier?A. toesB. fingersC. feet and handsD. legs and armsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Patterns of Growth3. Which of the following indicates that growth progresses from the top of the body to the bottom?A. cephalocaudalB. proximodistalC. sarcopeniaD. lateralizationAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Patterns of Growth4. In prenatal development, the head and its features grow in size and differentiation before the neck, shoulders, trunk, and limbs. What is this pattern of development called?A. proximodistalB. cephalocaudalC. sarcopeniaD. lateralizationAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: InfancyTopic: Patterns of Growth5. Which growth pattern sequence indicates that growth progresses from the center of the body toward the extremities?A. cephalocaudalB. proximodistalC. sarcopeniaD. lateralizationAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Patterns of Growth6. Baby Kassie can slap the tray of the highchair but cannot pick up small pieces of cereal with her fingers yet. This is an example ofA. a neurological disorder.B. the cephalocaudal pattern in physical growth.C. a congenital birth defect.D. the proximodistal pattern in physical growth.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: InfancyTopic: Patterns of Growth7. Sammi was born 3 days ago and has lost 3 percent of her body weight. Should her parents be concerned?A. Yes. Sammi's parents should consult her pediatrician immediately.B. No. Babies normally lose between 5 and 7 percent of their body weight within the first few days after birth.C. No. Babies normally lose between 9 and 12 percent of their body weight within the first few days after birth.D. Maybe. Sammi's parents should begin supplementing breast-feeding with baby formula and weigh her twice a day to ensure no more weight is lost.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: InfancyTopic: Weight8. Average North American babies double their birth weight by what age?A. 1 monthB. 4 monthsC. 8 monthsD. 10 monthsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: InfancyTopic: Weight9. Marcia's baby boy weighed 8 pounds at birth. If he grows at an average rate for an American baby, what should he weigh by 4 months of age?A. 10 poundsB. 12 poundsC. 16 poundsD. 24 poundsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: InfancyTopic: Weight10. During the second year of life, a child's growth rateA. remains the same as the growth rate in the first year of life.B. accelerates considerably.C. slows considerably.D. accelerates for physical characteristics and slows for mental processes.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: InfancyTopic: Weight11. Beginning in early childhood, girls have more _____ tissue than boys, and boys have more _____ tissue than girls.A. fatty; muscleB. organ; brainC. brain; organD. muscle; fattyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Weight12. During the early childhood years, girls are generally _____ than boys.A. much largerB. much smallerC. slightly largerD. slightly smallerAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Weight13. Leon is unusually shorter than his peers. It could be becauseA. he inherited the kind of genotype from his parents.B. he suffers certain growth hormone deficiency.C. his mother smoked while pregnant.D. All of these answers are correct.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Height14. Physical growth in middle and late childhood occurA. at approximately the same rate as those in adolescence.B. more slowly than those in early childhood and more quickly than those in adolescence.C. in three rapid spurts.D. in a slow, consistent manner.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: HeightTopic: Middle and Late Childhood15. Which of the following changes are most pronounced in middle and late childhood?A. changes in proportionsB. changes in weightC. changes in heightD. changes in brain sizeAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: HeightTopic: Middle and Late Childhood16. What is the brain-neuroendocrine process that stimulates the rapid physical changes of early adolescence known as?A. spermarcheB. gonadarcheC. pubertyD. menarcheAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Puberty17. During early adolescence, girls are generally _____ than boys.A. shorterB. strongerC. heavierD. smarterAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Puberty18. Girls’ first menstruation is calledA. menarche.B. monarchy.C. estradiol.D. puberty.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Puberty19. Which of the following statements about growth spurts during puberty is TRUE?A. It occurs approximately two years earlier for boys than for girls.B. It occurs approximately two years earlier for girls than for boys.C. It occurs at approximately the same time for boys and girls.D. Girls have a greater average height increase during peak puberty than do boys.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Puberty20. Menarche occurs during what part of puberty?A. just before pubertyB. early stage of pubertyC. in the middle of pubertyD. rather late during pubertyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Puberty21. Which part of the body controls growth and regulates other glands?A. pituitary glandB. hypothalamusC. gonadD. thyroid glandAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Hormonal Changes22. Which part of the body is involved with eating and sexual behavior?A. pituitary glandB. hypothalamusC. thyroid glandD. adrenal glandAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Hormonal Changes23. The class of hormones that stimulate the testes and the ovaries is known asA. cortisols.B. gonadotropins.C. androgens.D. estradiols.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Hormonal Changes24. The chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands that are carried by the bloodstream are known asA. gonadotropin.B. neurotransmitters.C. gonads.D. hormones.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Hormonal Changes25. _____ is a hormone associated in boys with the development of genitals, increases in height, and change of voice.A. CortisolB. EstrogenC. EstradiolD. TestosteroneAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Hormonal Changes26. _____ is a hormone associated in girls with breast, uterine, and skeletal development.A. CortisolB. EstradiolC. AndrogensD. TestosteroneAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Hormonal Changes27. Thirteen-year-old Melissa's blood tests indicate testosterone levels twice as high as last year and estradiol levels eight times higher than last year. Melissa is most likely experiencingA. normal changes as a result of having entered puberty.B. difficulties due to significant imbalances in hormonal levels.C. abnormal development due to the presence of male hormones in the body.D. abnormal development due to the excessive increase of female hormones.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Hormonal Changes28. Which of the following factors affects puberty's timing and makeup?A. nutritionB. healthC. eating patterns and stressD. All of these answers are correct.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Timing and Variations in Puberty29. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding puberty for girls and boys?A. Testosterone is present in boys only, and estradiol is present in girls only.B. The peak rate of pubertal change occurs at the age of 12 for both boys and girls.C. Both male and female adolescents are preoccupied with their bodies.D. In the United States, children mature up to two years later than children in European countries.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Body Image30. Samantha lives in the United States and was 14½ years old when she experienced menarche. Samantha isA. slightly younger than average for menarche in Europe.B. entering puberty outside of the lower end of the normal range.C. within the normal range.D. entering puberty outside of the upper end of the normal range.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Timing and Variations in Puberty31. The age at which puberty arrives dropped quickly throughout the 20th century. What is the likely cause for this change?A. greenhouse effects on climateB. improved health and nutritionC. less manual labor requirements for adolescentsD. amounts of radiation from electric appliancesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Timing and Variations in Puberty32. Joe is a late-maturing boy. Considering only this factor, how will his self-identity in his 30s likely compare to the self-identity of his early-maturing peers?A. more negativeB. more positiveC. about the sameD. There has not been any research in this area.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Early and Late Maturation33. James is going through puberty quite early. Research indicates that James is likely toA. be rejected by his peers.B. have a more negative self-image than his late-maturing peers during his freshman year of high schoolC. have a more positive self-image than his late-maturing peers during his freshman year of high schoolD. be highly successful in his later career.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Early and Late Maturation34. Andrea is an early-maturing adolescent. How does her self-image compare to the self-images of her late-maturing peers?A. more negativeB. more positiveC. about the sameD. There has not been any research in this area.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Early and Late Maturation35. Thirteen-year-old Jodi smokes and has a 16-year-old boyfriend. Of the following, which is likely to have influenced Jodi's behavior?A. defective gonadsB. late maturationC. early maturationD. lack of social skillsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Early and Late Maturation36. Early maturation in girls is linked to which of the following?A. problem behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and having an eating disorderB. wreckless drivingC. overdependence on parentsD. low academic achievementAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Early and Late Maturation37. Janice is 75. If within the average range of height loss compared to her 25-year-old self, she may lose as much asA. ¼ of an inch.B. ½ of an inch.C. an inch.D. two inches.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Middle AdulthoodTopic: Physical Appearance38. Body fat accounts for _____ percent of body weight in adolescence and _____ percent or more in middle adulthood.A. 10; 20B. 15; 25C. 5; 15D. 20; 25Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Middle AdulthoodTopic: Physical Appearance39. Bill is just beginning to sense that he has less strength, especially in his back and legs. That he is experiencing age-related loss of lean muscle mass and strength tells us he is most likely in hisA. 20s.B. 30s.C. 40s.D. 50s.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Middle AdulthoodTopic: Strength, Joints, and Bones40. Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength is calledA. climacteric.B. gonadotropins.C. monarchy.D. sarcopenia.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Middle AdulthoodTopic: Strength, Joints, and Bones41. When does maximum bone density occur?A. early 20sB. mid-20sC. early 30sD. mid- to late 30sAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Middle AdulthoodTopic: Strength, Joints, and Bones42. Mac is 63 years old. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Mac's artery walls are thinning.B. Mac's blood pressure will remain about the same as it was in his 40s.C. Mac's blood cholesterol is increasing and deposits accumulate on artery walls.D. Proteins in Mac's lung tissue are becoming more elastic.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Cardiovascular SystemTopic: Middle Adulthood43. At 45 years old, Susan is having difficulty trying to conceive a child. This is referred to by the termA. gonadotropins.B. menarche.C. climacteric.D. menopause.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Middle AdulthoodTopic: Sexuality44. Just as _____ has been coming earlier, _____ has been coming later.A. puberty; menarcheB. menarche; pubertyC. puberty; menopauseD. menopause; menarcheAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Sexuality45. At 51, Beverly is experiencing nausea, fatigue, and rapid heartbeat. A blood test reveals very low levels of estrogen. Beverly is most likely experiencing symptoms ofA. climacteric.B. puberty.C. menarche.D. menopause.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Middle AdulthoodTopic: Sexuality46. What explanation BEST accounts for why those older than 60 lose weight?A. They exercise more regularly.B. They eat smaller meals.C. They experience muscle loss.D. Their metabolism speeds up.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Physical Appearance47. Hypertension and stroke are signs of which of the following in older adults?A. changes in the neural systemB. changes in the digestive systemC. changes in the circulatory systemD. changes in the musculoskeletal systemAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Circulatory SystemTopic: Late Adulthood48. Which structure is responsible for about 80 percent of the brain's volume and critical to perception, thinking, and language?A. forebrainB. cerebral cortexC. left hemisphereD. hippocampusAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Structure and Function49. Which brain lobe is responsible for voluntary movement, thinking, personality, and intentionality or purpose?A. frontalB. occipitalC. temporalD. parietalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Structure and Function50. Which brain lobe is responsible for vision?A. frontalB. occipitalC. temporalD. parietalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Structure and Function51. Which brain lobe is responsible for hearing, language processing, and memory?A. frontalB. occipitalC. temporalD. parietalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Structure and Function52. Which brain lobe is responsible for registering spatial location, attention, and motor control?A. frontalB. occipitalC. temporalD. parietalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Structure and Function53. The hippocampus lies deeper in the brain, beneath the cortex, and plays an important role in which of the following?A. memory and emotionB. attention and impulse controlC. fine motor skillsD. critical and creative thinkingAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Structure and Function54. What is the layer of fat cells that helps electrical impulses travel faster along the axon of a neuron?A. dendriteB. cerebral cortexC. myelin sheathD. synapseAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Neurons55. Communication in the synapses occurs through the release of chemical substances known asA. neurotransmitters.B. neurons.C. dendrites.D. axons.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Neurons56. Specialization of functions in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is calledA. myelination.B. neuroconstructivist view.C. lateralization.D. plasticity.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Neurons57. Which of the following functions occur primarily in the left hemisphere of the brain?A. performing musicB. reading and complex thinkingC. humor and the use of metaphorsD. speech and grammarAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Neurons58. Which of the following functions occur primarily in the right hemisphere of the brain?A. performing musicB. reading and complex thinkingC. humor and the use of metaphorsD. speech and grammarAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Neurons59. Which of the following statements about brain lateralization is NOT true?A. Complex functions like performing music involve both hemispheres.B. The right and left hemispheres of the brain handle different types of information.C. People who are logical thinkers are left-brained, and creative thinkers are right-brained.D. Complex thinking requires communication between both hemispheres.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Neurons60. Research shows that living in a deprived environmentA. does not significantly affect brain development.B. promotes greater brain development.C. depresses brain activity.D. results in defective brain development that is not reversible regardless of future experiences in better conditions.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Early Experience and the Brain61. Anya is growing up in an orphanage and receives very little emotional, mental, or physical stimulation and nurturing. Anya's brain development will likely beA. the same as peers raised in enriched environments.B. greater than peers raised in enriched environments.C. depressed compared to peers raised in enriched environments.D. greater than her biological parents.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Early Experience and the Brain62. Michael Rehbein had the left hemisphere of his brain removed in order to stop seizures. After much therapy, the right side of his brain began to reorganize and take over left hemisphere functions. This example supports neuroscientists’ belief that what "wires" the brain isA. repeated experience.B. lateralization.C. not affected by seizures.D. housed in the right hemisphere.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Early Experience and the Brain63. A newborn's brain is _____ percent of its adult weight and grows to _____ percent of its adult weight by 2 years of age.A. 10; 20B. 15; 25C. 25; 50D. 25; 75Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain DevelopmentTopic: Infancy64. What is meant by the "blooming and pruning" analogy of brain development?A. The brain produces many more dendrite and synapse connections than it uses (blooming). Unused connections disappear or are replaced (pruning).B. Early brain function is not specialized by location (blooming). Lateralization (pruning) occurs around 2 years of age.C. Myelination produces the brain's bumpy surface (blooming). Brain activity and learning smoothes this surface (pruning).D. Areas of the brain mature gradually and uniformly during the first half of life (blooming) and decline in the same manner during the second half of life (pruning).Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Development65. Cognitive control involves all of the following EXCEPTA. inhibiting motor actions.B. controlling attention.C. reducing interfering thoughts.D. improved vocabulary.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Development66. Brain pathways and circuitry in the _____ continue to increase in middle and late childhood.A. hippocampusB. hypothalamusC. prefrontal cortexD. parietal lobeAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain DevelopmentTopic: Childhood67. Adolescents often experience heightened emotions and increased risk-taking behavior. This may be due to delayed development (compared to the limbic system) in which area of the brain?A. temporal lobeB. right hemisphereC. left hemisphereD. prefrontal cortexAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Brain Development68. Which structure of the limbic system is especially involved in emotion and would likely be a major source of surging emotions in a sixteen-year-old?A. the amygdalaB. the frontal lobesC. GABAD. the hypothalamusAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Brain Development69. Seventeen-year-old Jake tends to take risks while driving and is quick-tempered. This lack of self-control and reasoning may be due to the relatively slow development of theA. corpus callosum.B. prefrontal cortex.C. amygdala.D. limbic system.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Brain Development70. The corpus callosum, which connects the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence, and this improves adolescents' ability toA. process information.B. have better self control.C. experience empathy.D. control aggressive behavior.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Brain Development71. The prefrontal cortex, which is the highest level of the frontal lobes, is involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control. It finishes most of its development duringA. early childhood.B. late adolescence.C. emerging adulthood.D. older adulthood.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Adolescence and Emerging AdulthoodTopic: Brain Development72. The amygdala, a structure particularly involved with emotion, matures much earlier than the prefrontal cortex. This may account for which of the following?A. adolescents' increased information processing speedB. adolescents' risky, impulsive behaviorC. early onset of pubertyD. adolescents' sharper self-regulatory skillsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Brain Development73. Which neurotransmitter has been associated with increased reward-seeking and risk-taking in adolescence?A. dopamineB. acetylcholineC. testosteroneD. estradiolAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Brain Development74. What happens to the brain's weight and volume as it ages?A. weight increases, volume decreasesB. volume increases, weight decreasesC. weight and volume increaseD. weight and volume decreaseAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Adulthood and AgingTopic: Slowing Brain75. Ora's blood test shows a major reduction in acetylcholine. The effect of this may be responsible forA. the slowing of motor reflexes.B. symptoms of Alzheimer disease.C. symptoms of Parkinson disease.D. increased impulsivity.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Slowing Brain76. Leonard's blood test shows a major reduction in dopamine. The effect of this may be responsible forA. decreased visual acuity.B. symptoms of Alzheimer disease.C. symptoms of Parkinson disease.D. increased impulsivity.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Slowing Brain77. If an older adult participates in 6 months of aerobic activity, what would most likely occur?A. decreased hippocampus volumeB. increased hippocampus volumeC. no change in hippocampus volumeD. a near-fatal increase in brain volumeAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Adapting BrainTopic: Late Adulthood78. When engaging in cognitive tasks, older brains may compensate for the effects of aging with lessA. dopamine.B. lateralization.C. acetylcholine.D. myelination.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Adapting BrainTopic: Late Adulthood79. When Doctor Jansen compares brain scans belonging to a 70-year-old and a 50-year-old, what is she likely to see in the 70-year-old brain?A. more dendritesB. more neuronsC. an equal number of dendrites as the 50-year-old brainD. fewer neurons and dendritesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Adapting BrainTopic: Late Adulthood80. At what age does dendrite growth appear to stop?A. 60sB. 70sC. 80sD. 90sAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Adapting BrainTopic: Late Adulthood81. Which of the following was a conclusion reached in the brain study of the Sisters of Notre Dame of Mankato?A. High levels of folic acid were linked to increased symptoms of Alzheimer disease.B. "Serving" nuns showed more moderate declines in intellectual skills than "teaching" nuns.C. Positive emotions in early adulthood were linked to longevity.D. High levels of dopamine were linked to increased brain lateralization.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Adapting BrainTopic: Adulthood and Aging82. How much time can newborn Tyler's parents expect him to sleep?A. 5–7 hours a dayB. 9–13 hours a dayC. 16–17 hours a dayD. 22–23 hours a dayAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: Sleep83. Tameka's newborn baby is awake for several hours during the night and often sleeps during the day. At what age will her child have likely established a pattern of sleeping mostly at night?A. 1 monthB. 3 monthsC. 6 monthsD. 12 monthsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: Sleep/Wake Cycle84. Which of the following is true regarding 6-month-old Cassidy's sleep pattern?A. She spends most of her time in REM sleep.B. She spends the same amount of time in REM sleep as in non-REM sleep.C. She starts to begin her sleep cycle with REM sleep.D. She spends her longest span of sleep at night.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: Sleep/Wake Cycle85. Which of the following has NOT been linked to shorter durations of infant sleep?A. infant TV viewingB. maternal depression during pregnancyC. early introduction of solid foodD. sleeping alone vs. with parentsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: Sleep/Wake Cycle86. Six-month-old Ethan goes to day care, watches TV when his parents make dinner, and has already started eating solid food. These practices are likely to increase which problem for Ethan and his parents?A. obesityB. nighttime wakingC. night terrorsD. lack of attachment with the motherAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: Sleep/Wake Cycle87. What percentage of infant sleep is spent, on average, in REM sleep?A. 70 percentB. 50 percentC. 25 percentD. 10 percentAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: REM Sleep88. Roughly what percentage of adult sleep is spent in REM sleep?A. 20 percentB. 40 percentC. 50 percentD. 75 percentAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: Early AdulthoodTopic: REM Sleep89. A recent study linked bed sharing with which of the following?A. infant sleep apneaB. infant heart arrhythmiasC. co-dependency issuesD. SIDSAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: Shared Sleeping90. Which of the following is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to reduce the risk of SIDS?A. Place infants on their sides to sleep.B. Place infants on their backs to sleep.C. Infants should sleep next to a parent to ensure quick response to breathing pauses.D. Place infants on their stomachs to sleep.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: SIDS91. Molly is of low birth weight and has parents who smoke around her. Molly is likely at higher risk forA. sudden infant death syndrome.B. congenital heart disease.C. cystic fibrosis.D. folic acid deficiency.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: SIDS92. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor related to sudden infant death syndrome?A. passive exposure to cigarette smokeB. congenital heart diseaseC. sleeping in a bedroom with a fanD. having siblings who have died of SIDSAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: SIDS93. Lack of sleep in young children is linked with which of the following?A. problems at schoolB. later problems with substance abuseC. attention problemsD. All of these answers are correct.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: ChildhoodTopic: Sleep94. Which of the following is NOT associated with a lack of sleep in adolescents?A. higher levels of irritabilityB. higher levels of melatoninC. higher levels of anxietyD. higher levels of fatigueAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Sleep95. Fifteen-year-old Tamara only gets about six hours of sleep each night. Which of the following behaviors may Tamara exhibit due to her lack of sleep?A. irritabilityB. lower capacity for attentionC. fatigueD. All of these answers are correct.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Sleep96. What hormone is produced by the brain’s pineal gland when preparing the body for sleep?A. melatoninB. cortisolC. testosteroneD. estrogenAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Sleep97. High schools in Edina, Minnesota, delayed class start time based on the finding that _____, the sleep hormone, is released approximately an hour later in older adolescents.A. cortisolB. melatoninC. testosteroneD. estrogenAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Sleep98. Who is MOST likely to get up latest in the day?A. Tom, who is a junior in high schoolB. Phil, who is a freshman in collegeC. Joe, who is a junior in collegeD. Steve, who is a senior in collegeAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: Adolescence and Emerging AdulthoodTopic: Sleep99. Which of the following is NOT true about sleep in adulthood?A. Poor sleep can result in earlier death.B. Many older adults go to bed earlier and wake up earlier than adolescents and emerging adults.C. Sleep problems in middle-aged adults are more common in those who are obese.D. The average American adult gets just under 6 hours of sleep a night.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: Adulthood and AgingTopic: Sleep100. According to recent research, to avoid cognitive damage, adults should getA. more than 7 hours of sleep per night.B. between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per night.C. between 8 and 10 hours of sleep per night.D. 8 hours of sleep per night.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: Middle AdulthoodTopic: Sleep101. What is likely true of 45-year-old Jim's sleep patterns compared to those of his 21-year-old son, Matt?A. Jim requires an average of 2 hours more sleep than Matt.B. Jim spends more time in deep sleep than Matt.C. Jim stays up later and wakes later than Matt.D. Jim experiences more wakeful periods during the night.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: Middle AdulthoodTopic: Sleep102. The maximum life span of human beings is approximately __________ years.A. 90 to 100B. 100 to 110C. 120 to 125D. 125 to 130Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Life Span103. Which of the following BEST explains why life expectancy is longer now than in the early 1900s?A. People today have fewer children.B. People today engage in less risky behavior.C. The human life span has increased significantly.D. Adults today have better health and well-being and infant deaths have been reduced.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Life Expectancy104. The average life expectancy in 2013 for individuals born in the United States was over _____ years for women and over _____ years for men.A. 75; 81B. 81; 76C. 84; 80D. 76; 72Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Life Expectancy105. Which of the following is among the reasons that life expectancy is longer for women than it is for men?A. Women engage in healthier lifestyles than men.B. Women experience less stress than men.C. Women work harder and for more years than men.D. Men generally suffer greater financial hardship than women.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Life Expectancy106. Which of the following ethnic and gender groups had the longest life expectancy in the United States in 2013?A. Latino womenB. non-Latino white womenC. African American menD. African American womenAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: CentenariansTopic: Late Adulthood107. The cellular clock theory holds that our cells divideA. until trapped free radicals split them apart.B. more quickly as we age, and so we die faster.C. more efficiently as we age.D. approximately 75–80 times before they die.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Cellular Clock Theory108. What are the DNA sequences that cap chromosomes and become shorter as cells replicate?A. telomeresB. free radicalsC. cellular clocksD. amino acidsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Cellular Clock Theory109. Researchers have extended the life of a human cell byA. removing the caps of DNA molecules.B. injecting it with telomerase.C. rearranging the DNA sequences.D. splicing the 18th and 19th chromosomes.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Cellular Clock Theory110. Sirtuins are a form of protein that have been linked to both longevity and a number of other phenomena, such asA. higher incidence of cancer.B. stress resistence.C. higher incidence of cardiovascular disease.D. greater production of rapamycin.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Sirtuin Theory111. Which theory of aging proposes that unstable oxygen molecules ricochet around cells, damaging DNA and other structures?A. cellular clockB. free radicalC. mitochondrialD. hormonal stressAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Free-Radical Theory112. Which two theories claim that damage caused by unstable oxygen molecules precipitates the aging process?A. cellular clock and free radicalB. free radical and hormonal stressC. mitochondrial and free radicalD. hormonal stress and cellular clockAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Mitochondrial Theory113. Kat's doctor warns that prolonged and elevated levels of adrenaline and other anxiety-induced substances will increase Kat's risk for many diseases. Which theory of aging does her doctor espouse?A. mitochondrialB. free radicalC. cellular clockD. hormonal stressAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Hormonal Stress Theory114. Professor Mayfield is teaching her class about the harmful effects of stress, citing that it can lead to an early death. Which theory of aging does Professor Mayfield likely espouse?A. hormonal stressB. cellular clockC. life eventsD. free radicalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Hormonal Stress Theory115. What is the main difference in the way younger people and older people respond to stress?A. Older people have a reduced reaction in coping with the stress.B. Younger people keep stress hormones in their system longer.C. Stress hormones may reduce the immune system more in younger people than in older people.D. Older people keep stress hormones in their system longer.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Hormonal Stress TheoryTopic: Late Adulthood116. Reducing oxidative damage in older adults can be potentially achieved through:A. a diet high in calories.B. exercise.C. a diet with restricted protein.D. a diet with restricted minerals.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Hormonal Stress TheoryTopic: Late Adulthood117. Briefly explain the cephalocaudal and proximodistal growth patterns of development.

Cephalocaudal pattern: the sequence in which the fastest growth occurs at the top—the head—with physical growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually working its way down from top to bottom.

Proximodistal pattern: the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Patterns of Growth118. List three factors that can cause a child to be unusually short.

1. emotional problems2. a mother who smoke(d)(s)3. growth hormone deficiency4. congenital factors: genetic or prenatal problems5. a physical problem that develops in childhood

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Height119. Briefly describe how the hormonal system and sex glands work.

The pituitary gland sends a signal via gonadotropins to the appropriate gland to manufacture the hormone. Then, the pituitary gland, through interaction with the hypothalamus, detects when the optimal level of hormones is reached and responds by adjusting gonadotropin secretion.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Hormonal Changes120. Describe how the onset of puberty has changed since the mid-nineteenth century.

The average age of the onset of puberty has steadily decreased since the mid-nineteenth century, almost certainly due to improvements in nutrition and general health. The rate of decline in the age of onset of puberty has slowed in recent years.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Adolescence and Emerging AdulthoodTopic: Timing and Variations in Puberty121. Discuss the body images of early versus late maturation in girls and boys.

Early-maturing boys have a more positive body image than late-maturing peers. Early-maturing girls are more vulnerable to a range of problems, including depression and eating disorders, and more likely to engage in risky behaviors than late-maturing peers.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Body Image122. Identify five physical changes that take place during middle adulthood.

1. individuals become shorter2. the skin wrinkles and sags4. loss of strength5. progressive bone loss6. weight gain (many, not all)7. age spots8. hair grays and thins10. muscles lose strength and mass (sarcopenia)11. blood cholesterol increases12. artery walls thicken13. blood pressure rises14. lungs lose elasticity15. climacteric

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Physical Appearance123. Name and list one function of each of the four brain lobes.

Frontal lobes: voluntary movement, thinking, personality, intentionality or purposeOccipital lobes: visionTemporal lobes: hearing, language processing, memoryParietal lobes: spatial location, attention, motor control

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Structure and Function124. Describe how information is transmitted by neurons.

The dendrites of the cell body receive information from other neurons, muscles, or glands through the axon. Axons transmit information away from the central part of the neuron. The signals pass through tiny gaps called synapses and are picked up by the dendrites of other neurons. A myelin sheath covers most axons and speeds information transmission. As the axon ends, it branches out into terminal buttons.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Neurons125. Explain the concept of lateralization in the brain.

To some extent, the type of information handled by neurons depends on whether they are in the left or right hemisphere of the cortex. The specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other is called lateralization.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Neurons126. Describe "blooming and pruning" as it relates to brain formation.

Nearly twice as many dendrite and synapse connections are made in the first two years of life than will be used (blooming). Some of these connections become strengthened and survive, while the unused ones disappear or are replaced (pruning). "Blooming and pruning" varies considerably by brain region in humans.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Brain Development127. Describe the possible relationship between physical brain development and behavior in adolescents.

With the onset of puberty, adolescent brains show a large amount of early activity and growth in the limbic system. This includes early maturation of the amygdala, a structure particularly involved in emotion. However, prefrontal cortex development occurs more slowly during this time, leading to a developmental disjunction in which an adolescent may not have the brain architecture to fully process surging emotions and may lead to more impulsive reacting, lack of reasoning, and poor self-control.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Brain Development128. Describe one consequence of declining levels of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and dopamine.

Acetylcholine: decline of memory, Alzheimer diseaseDopamine: loss of motor control, Parkinson disease

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Slowing Brain129. Describe three ways in which the brain adapts as it ages.

1. Humans can grow new neurons; this is the process of neurogenesis. 2. Dendrite growth increases from the 40s through the 70s, possibly compensating for lost neurons. 3. Less lateralization may occur, integrating both hemispheres in cognitive tasks.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span.Topic: Adapting BrainTopic: Adulthood and Aging130. List five risk factors associated with SIDS.

1. low birth weight2. infants with a sibling who died of SIDS3. sleep apnea4. parents who smoke5. sleeping in a position other than on the back6. African American or Eskimo ethnicity7. low socioeconomic status8. sleeping on soft bedding

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: InfancyTopic: SIDS131. Discuss the harmful effects of sleep deficiency on adolescents.

Lack of sleep is linked to sleeping during school, drinking more caffeinated beverages, being in a depressed mood, and negative behaviors such as crankiness, fatigue, and irritability.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Sleep132. Name one biological factor that may influence women's longevity over men's longevity.

1. Estrogen production helps protect women from hardening of the arteries.2. The additional X chromosome that women carry may be associated with the production of more antibodies to fight off disease.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Life Expectancy133. Explain the cellular clock theory of aging.

The cellular clock theory of aging states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times and that, as we age, our cells become increasingly less capable of dividing.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Cellular Clock Theory134. Explain the free radical theory of aging.

The free radical theory of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules known as free radicals. These molecules ricochet around inside the cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Free-Radical Theory135. Explain the mitochondrial theory of aging.

The mitochondrial theory of aging is similar to the free radical theory of aging. It suggests that aging is due to the decay of mitochondria within cells, and that said decay is caused by oxidative damage (activity of free radicals) and loss of micronutrients.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Mitochondrial Theory136. Explain the hormonal stress theory of aging.

The hormonal stress theory states that aging in the body's hormonal system may lower resilience to stress and increase the likelihood of contracting a disease.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging.Topic: Hormonal Stress Theory

Category # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 136

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 17

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains 135

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology 24

Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply 31

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember 73

Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand 32

Difficulty Level: Basic 74

Difficulty Level: Difficult 21

Difficulty Level: Moderate 41

Learning Objective: Describe how the brain changes through the life span. 40

Learning Objective: Discuss major changes in the body through the life span. 54

Learning Objective: Explain longevity and the biological aspects of aging. 20

Learning Objective: Summarize how sleep patterns change as people develop. 22

Topic: Adapting Brain 6

Topic: Adolescence 22

Topic: Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood 3

Topic: Adulthood and Aging 4

Topic: Body Image 2

Topic: Brain Development 13

Topic: Brain Structure and Function 7

Topic: Cardiovascular System 1

Topic: Cellular Clock Theory 4

Topic: Centenarians 1

Topic: Childhood 2

Topic: Circulatory System 1

Topic: Early Adulthood 1

Topic: Early and Late Maturation 5

Topic: Early Childhood 5

Topic: Early Experience and the Brain 3

Topic: Free-Radical Theory 2

Topic: Height 4

Topic: Hormonal Changes 8

Topic: Hormonal Stress Theory 5

Topic: Infancy 18

Topic: Late Adulthood 10

Topic: Life Expectancy 4

Topic: Life Span 1

Topic: Middle Adulthood 10

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood 2

Topic: Mitochondrial Theory 2

Topic: Neurons 8

Topic: Patterns of Growth 7

Topic: Physical Appearance 4

Topic: Puberty 5

Topic: REM Sleep 2

Topic: Sexuality 3

Topic: Shared Sleeping 1

Topic: SIDS 4

Topic: Sirtuin Theory 1

Topic: Sleep 11

Topic: Sleep/Wake Cycle 4

Topic: Slowing Brain 4

Topic: Strength, Joints, and Bones 3

Topic: Timing and Variations in Puberty 4

Topic: Weight 6