Ch.3 Exam Prep Communicating, Perceiving, And Understanding

Test Bank

Chapter 3: Communicating, Perceiving, and Understanding

Multiple Choice

3.1. Miranda and her new roommate, Rosa, don’t seem to get along. Rosa thinks of Miranda negatively and treats her as such by avoiding her. Miranda notices the cold treatment from Rosa and starts to view herself as a bad person and roommate because of it. This demonstrates how what two concepts are intertwined?

a. communication and reaction

b. perception identity

c. individuality and misrepresentation

d. definition and interpretation

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.1

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Explain why understanding perception is important.

Topic: The Importance of Perception

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.2. Which of these processes is part of the perception process?

a. retention

b. sensation

c. interpretation

d. definition

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Remember the Facts

Skill: Easy

3.3. What part of the perception process involves attending to just a narrow range of the full array of sensory information available and ignoring the remainder?

a. selection

b. organization

c. interpretation

d. reflection

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.4. Alejandro was in the middle of a stressful test when a tornado siren went off. His immediate ability to recognize that the noise he was hearing was a tornado siren shows how he was able to

a. organize information.

b. interpret information.

c. attend to stimuli.

d. select stimuli.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.5. According to the primacy effect, we tend to form an opinion based on information that is

a. the most positive.

b. the most credible.

c. received orally.

d. received first.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.6. A cognitive structure composed of preconceived ideas and frameworks that helps us organize information is known as a

a. schema.

b. label.

c. stereotype.

d. prototype.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.7. Both cognitive representation and categorization are types of

a. selection.

b. organization.

c. interpretation.

d. attributional biases.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.8. Tom has worked as a teacher for several years and has developed a template for introducing himself to librarians. He has developed an interpersonal

a. schema.

b. categorization.

c. script.

d. prototype.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.9. We often organize information by placing it into larger groupings of information. This cognitive process is called

a. representation.

b. planning.

c. categorization.

d. selective attention.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.10. Ronald is at the grocery store. He sees the man behind him with a cart full of candy, chips, and soda and mentally identifies the man as an unhealthy person. He is using which aspect of the categorization part of the perception process?

a. cognitive representation

b. labeling

c. scripting

d. organization

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.11. Gretchen is on a first date with Jim. She was surprised to learn that he wants to have children and be a stay-at-home dad because she believed that men preferred careers to family life. She has been overgeneralizing men in a process known as

a. misinterpreting.

b. stereotyping.

c. representing.

d. attributing .

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.12. Daniel tends to view strangers as inconsiderate and rude. Therefore, when he goes to a store and the person in front of him doesn’t hold the door open, he takes it as a deliberate slight rather than assuming the person just didn’t know he was behind them. Daniel’s perception of the situation is shaped through his individual

a. stereotype.

b. frame.

c. script.

d. schema.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.13. According to attribution theory, when we observe the behavior of others, we draw conclusions that

a. are more internal than external.

b. are more objective than subjective.

c. go beyond sensory information.

d. are often accurate.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.14. Elton snapped at a waitress when she delivered the wrong entrée. He attributed this negative behavior to the waitress’s mistake, an external cause, rather than to his own personality. This is an example of

a. overattribution.

b. cognitive representation.

c. labeling.

d. self-serving bias.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.15. One individual factor that influences our perceptual process is the tendency to view and interpret the world in consistent ways, generally as optimistic or pessimistic. This factor is known as what?

a. outlook

b. emotional state

c. knowledge

d. construct

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.3

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Name three individual factors that affect one’s perceptual processes.

Topic: Perception and the Individual

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.16. By the end of this course, you will possess more categories or constructs with which you can understand human communication. You will also understand those categories in greater detail. This increase in categories or constructs is also referred to as

a. the attribution bias.

b. cognitive complexity.

c. interpersonal scripts.

d. labeling.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.3

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Name three individual factors that affect one’s perceptual processes.

Topic: Perception and the Individual

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.17. Interpersonal constructs are used to make inferences about

a. your own identity.

b. specific topics.

c. other cultures.

d. other people.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.3

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Name three individual factors that affect one’s perceptual processes.

Topic: Perception and the Individual

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.18. As individuals grow older, they are able to craft interpersonal constructs that are much more

a. varied and specific.

b. stereotypical and demeaning.

c. inaccurate.

d. indirect.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.3

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Name three individual factors that affect one’s perceptual processes.

Topic: Perception and the Individual

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.19. Visual stimulation is given primacy in Western countries, thus leading to the saying “seeing is believing.” This is an example of the role of what in the perception process?

a. power

b. social comparison

c. historical periods

d. culture

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.20. The tendency to view one’s own group as the standard against which all other groups should be measured or judged is called what?

a. stereotyping

b. labeling

c. ethnocentrism

d. prejudice

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.21. Researchers believe that prejudice is pervasive because it

a. results from cognitive complexity.

b. is not well researched.

c. serves specific functions.

d. is taught in education.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.22. Someone who is less financially successful may look down on groups that are even less successful as a way to make himself or herself feel better. This is an example of which function of prejudice?

a. value-expressive

b. ego-defensive

c. power-defensive

d. social-expressive

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.23. People who grew up when reality television was not popular have a different perception of privacy than those who grew up watching reality shows. This is an example of how which of the following affects perception?

a. attribution

b. ethnocentrism

c. social comparison

d. historical periods

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.24. Labeling a person or group negatively is unethical for several reasons, one of which is that it denies them their right to

a. an opinion.

b. legitimate identities.

c. defend themselves.

d. speak freely.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.5

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Explain why ethics is relevant to the perception process.

Topic: Ethics and Perception

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.25. One communication act that can greatly improve anyone’s perception skills is perception checking, which is

a. communicating with others to determine if their perceptions match your own.

b. analyzing other opinions to see how you can stress your own.

c. temporarily removing your own perceptions in favor of mutual agreement.

d. mentally hypothesizing what another opinion could be before confirming.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.6

Learning Objective: LO 3.6 Identify three ways you can improve your perception skills.

Topic: Improving Your Perception Skills

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

True/False

3.26. Research has established that when we perceive people to be polite, we are more likely to agree to their requests.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.1

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Explain why understanding perception is important.

Topic: The Importance of Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.27. Perception and identity are often interwoven.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.1

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Explain why understanding perception is important.

Topic: The Importance of Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

4.28. Organization is the part of the perception process that involves focusing on a narrow range of the information available in your environment.

Chapter: 04

Module: 4.2

Learning Objective: LO 4.2 Describe the three processes people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.29. Recognizing what you select from your environment and what it represents is a part of the organization function of the perception process.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.30. Everyone tends to interpret and assign meaning to sensory information in the same way.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.31. People tend to be more cognitively complex about things they have little interest or experience in.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.3

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Name three individual factors that affect one’s perceptual processes.

Topic: Perception and the Individual

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.32. Those with a relatively low position of power largely determine a society’s understandings of reality.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.33. A person who views those from the opposite political party as unrealistic idealists with poor family values and low fiscal responsibility exemplifies the value-expressive function of prejudice.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.34. You do not have control of your perceptions and cognitions because of the powerful impacts of power and position.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.5

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Explain why ethics is relevant to the perception process.

Topic: Ethics and Perception

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.35. One way to improve perception and understanding is to give equal weight to both facts and inferences.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.6

Learning Objective: LO 3.6 Identify three ways you can improve your perception skills.

Topic: Improving Your Perception Skills

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

Fill-in-the-Blank

3.36. _____ is a sense-making process in which we attempt to understand our environment so we can respond to it appropriately.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.37. A representative or idealized version of a concept is known as a(n) _____.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.38. _____ are assumptions and attitudes that we use to filter perceptions to create meaning.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.39. Your romantic partner says something that hurts your feelings. According to the fundamental _____ error, you may see this as a mean part of their personality rather than a deserved comment or a slip due to tiredness or other external circumstances.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Understand the Concepts

3.40. Scientists refer to the categories we form to help organize information as _____.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.3

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Name three individual factors that affect one’s perceptual processes.

Topic: Perception and the Individual

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.41. Every culture has its own sensory _____, which means that each culture emphasizes a few of the five senses.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.42. A(n) _____ is a broad generalization about an entire class of people based on some knowledge of some aspects of some members of the class.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.43. Your social _____ refers to the specific position you hold in a society.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.44. _____ are conclusions that we draw or interpretations we make based on facts.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.6

Learning Objective: LO 3.6 Identify three ways you can improve your perception skills.

Topic: Improving Your Perception Skills

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

3.45. _____ refers to a clear focus on the activity one is engaged in, with attention to as many specifics of the event as possible.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.6

Learning Objective: LO 3.6 Identify three ways you can improve your perception skills.

Topic: Improving Your Perception Skills

Difficulty: Easy

Skill: Remember the Facts

Essay

3.46. Explain the fundamental attribution error. Provide examples to illustrate the attributions associated with this concept.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.2

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Describe the three procedures people use to understand information collected through the senses.

Topic: What Is Perception?

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.47. Explain the differences between the three categories of factors that influence our perceptual process—physical, cognitive, and personality characteristics—and give examples of each.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.3

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Name three individual factors that affect one’s perceptual processes.

Topic: Perception and the Individual

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.48. Describe two ways that social roles affect perception, providing an example of each.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.4

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Articulate how power, culture, social comparisons, and historical period influence perception.

Topic: The Individual, Perception, and Society

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.49. Explain the relevance of ethics in the perception process, and give an example.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.5

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Explain why ethics is relevant to the perception process.

Topic: Ethics and Perception

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know

3.50. Identify and give an example of three ways that an individual can improve his or her perception skills.

Chapter: 03

Module: 3.6

Learning Objective: LO 3.6 Identify three ways you can improve your perception skills.

Topic: Improving Your Perception Skills

Difficulty: Moderate

Skill: Apply What You Know