Ch27 Population Genetics | Test Bank – 7th Edition

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Student name:__________

1) A group of individuals from the same species that occupy the same region and can interbreed with one another is the definition of a ________.

A) species
B) population
C) race
D) community
E) kingdom

2) The characteristics of a given population over time are ________.

A) dynamic
B) static

3) In humans, the gene for eye color is an example of a ________ trait.

A) monomorphic
B) polymorphic

4) In a given population of Drosophila, curly wings (c) is recessive to the wild-type condition of straight wings (c +). You isolate a population of 35 curly winged flies, 70 flies that are heterozygous for straight wings and 45 that are homozygous for straight wings. What is the total number ofalleles in the gene pool?

A) 2
B) 150
C) 230
D) 300
E) 140

5) In a given population of Drosophila, curly wings (c) is recessive to the wild-type condition of straight wings (c+). You isolate a population of 35 curly winged flies, 70 flies that are heterozygous for straight wings and 45 that are homozygous for straight wings. What is the frequency of alleles in this population?

A) 35% c; 45% c +
B) 46.7% c; 53.3% c +
C) 50% c; 50% c +
D) 55% c; 45% c +
E) The frequencies cannot be calculated from the provided information.

6) The formula p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1 is associated with which of the following?

A) Calculations of heterozygosity
B) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
C) Calculations of recombination frequencies
D) Degrees of freedom

7) In this equation p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1, what does the term 2pq represent?

A) The genotype frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
B) The genotype frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
C) The genotype frequency of heterozygous individuals
D) The sum of the phenotype frequencies in the population

8) If the allele frequency of the dominant allele is 0.4, what value is used for the term p2 in the equation p2+ 2pq + q2= 1?

A) 0.4
B) 0.2
C) 0.16
D) 16

9) Which of the following is not true concerning a population in equilibrium according to the Hardy-Weinberg rule?

A) There is no migration into or out of the population.
B) Individuals of the population mate randomly.
C) The population size is very large.
D) Selection is favoring the dominant allele.
E) There is no mutation in the population.

10) If two individuals of a population, who vary in their phenotype, preferentially mate, it is called __________.

A) outbreeding
B) inbreeding
C) negative assortative mating
D) positive assortative mating

11) The degree of relatedness of two members of a pedigree is calculated using __________.

A) the calculation of average heterozygosity
B) the Hardy-Weinberg rule
C) the inbreeding coefficient
D) the chi-square test

12) The inbreeding coefficient (F) tells us what about an individual?

A) The probability that they are homozygous due to inheritance from a common ancestor
B) Their genotype
C) The probability of obtaining a certain allele from the gene pool

13) Which of the following will alter the frequency of alleles in the population the least?

A) Mutation
B) Natural selection
C) Genetic drift
D) Migration
E) All of these choices are equal.

14) Genetic drift has a greater influence on __________ populations.

A) small
B) large
C) It affects both equally.

15) Migration of a random few individuals from one population to a new area to establish a new population is an example of __________.

A) bottleneck effect
B) mutation
C) founder effect
D) selection

16) Which of the following types of selection favors one extreme of a phenotypic distribution?

A) Disruptive selection
B) Stabilizing selection
C) Directional selection

17) Which of the following types of selection favors the survival of individuals with the intermediate phenotype?

A) Disruptive selection
B) Stabilizing selection
C) Directional selection

18) Which of the following is true regarding a balanced polymorphism?

A) The frequency of alleles is not changing over time
B) The homozygous condition for the alleles is not advantageous to the organism
C) An example in humans is sickle-cell anemia
D) All of these choices are correct.

19) A SNP would best be described as __________.

A) a gene that comes in multiple different alleles
B) a balanced polymorphism system
C) a single nucleotide difference between two DNA sequences
D) the most likely mutation to affect protein function

20) Which type of selection would lead to two distinct phenotypes?

A) Stabilizing selection
B) Phenotype selection
C) Fitness selection
D) Disruptive selection
E) Directional selection

21) The prevalence of the allele for sickle cell anemia in some populations is an example of __________.

A) heterogeneous environments
B) balancing selection
C) inverted selection
D) non-Darwinian selection
E) nonrandom mating

22) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic by which a population is in equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg equation?

A) The population is large
B) There is no migration into or out of the population
C) There is no selection against a given genotype
D) There is no mutation in the gene being studied
E) There is nonrandommating

23) Which of the following is NOT a step to calculate a coefficient of inbreeding?

A) Determine the mutation rate
B) Determine the total number of common ancestors
C) Determine the shortest inbreeding path between the individual and the common ancestor
D) Calculate the inbreeding path for each common ancestor
E) Place values in the inbreeding coefficient formula

24) The accumulation of new mutations in a population is usually a __________ factor against the fitness of the population.

A) negative
B) positive
C) neutral

25) In a certain population, the frequency of allele A is 0.3 and the frequency of allele a is 0.7. The population inbreeds such that f = 0.1. What is the frequency of each genotype in the population?

A) AA: 0.09, Aa: 0.42, aa: 0.49
B) AA: 0.49, Aa: 0.42, aa: 0.09
C) AA: 0.01, Aa: 0.90, aa: 0.09
D) AA: 0.111, Aa: 0.378, aa: 0.511
E) AA: 0.21, Aa: 0.42, aa: 0.37

26) You are preparing to perform DNA fingerprinting by PCR for the first time. Select the reagent that would result in complications in the interpretation of your results.

A) PCR primers that anneal to the repetitive region of the microsatellites
B) PCR primers that anneal to regions flanking the microsatellites
C) Human DNA
D) Taq polymerase

27) The best term for changes in allele frequency from one generation to the next would be __________.

A) Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium
B) evolution
C) microevolution
D) macroevolution

28) For gene flow to occur members of one population must migrate to another population and __________.

A) the migrants must return to thier original population
B) the migrants must survive for many generations without interbreeding
C) the migrants must interbreed to produce sterile offspring
D) the migrants be able to hybridize to produce fertile offspring

29) The term for the probability that a gene will be altered by a new mutation is __________.

A) mutation rate
B) evolution rate
C) microevolution rate
D) selection rate

30) If a population is tested to see if the 2 alleles for a gene are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the chi square for the population is 22 what is your conclusion?

A) The chi square value is too low to make any conclusive statement about equilibrium.
B) The alleles are in equilibrium.
C) The alleles are not in equilibrium.
D) More individuals in the population need to be sampled.

31) If the frequency of allele A is0.8 and the frequency of a is 0.2 within a population given the fitness values below what will be the relative frequencies for the different genotypes in the next generation?
Fitness values:
AA 1.0
Aa 0.75
aa 0.25

A) AA 0.64/Aa 0.32/aa 0.04
B) AA 0.8/Aa 0.12/ aa 0.05
C) AA 0.8/ Aa0.16/ aa 0.2
D) AA 0.64/ Aa 0.24/ aa 0.01

32) If the frequency of the A allele is 0.6 and the frequency of the a allele is 0.4 given the fitness values for the various genotypes what is the mean fitness of the population?
Fitness values
AA 1.0
Aa 0.6
aa 0.4

A) 0.712
B) 0.66
C) 0.356
D) 1.0

33) If in a population the selection coefficients are S AA 0, S Aa 0.7 and S aa 0.2 which genotype is being selected for?

A) AA
B) Aa
C) aa
D) None of the genotypes are being selected for or against

34) What is the probability of fixation of a gene in a population of 30 individuals (assume no selection for or against a mutation)?

A) 3.3%
B) 3%
C) 1.6%
D) 0.16%

35) Given a population of 1,000 individuals what is the average number of generations it will take to fix a new mutation assuming no selection for or against the new mutation?

A) 100,000
B) 1,000
C) 4,000
D) 25,000

36) Given a population size of 500 individuals what is the probability of the elimination of a mutation assuming that there is no selection for or against the mutation?

A) 20%
B) 99.9%
C) 50%
D) 1%

37) What is the frequency of an allele in a conglomerate population if 50 individuals from a population where the allele has a frequency of 0.6 migrates into a population of 450 individuals where the allele frequency is 0.3?

A) 0.3
B) 0.33
C) 0.9
D) 0.18

38) For forensic purposes, DNA fingerprinting analysis uses 13 or more microsatellites for examination. What is the most likely reason for this?

A) Sometimes one or more of the microsatellites may not be present in human DNA.
B) Sometimes the DNA isolation fails to isolate all of the microsatellites.
C) The PCR typically fails to work on all the microsatellites.
D) The probability of finding a specific combination of 13 specific variants in a single individual is extremely low.

39) Random genetic drift is due to chance events that alter the allele frequency in a population.

⊚ true
⊚ false

40) The measure of the reproductive success of a genotype is called Darwinian fitness.

⊚ true
⊚ false

41) New genetic variation in a population is a critical aspect of microevolution.

⊚ true
⊚ false

42) Migration is a key evolutionary mechanism by which microevolution occurs.

⊚ true
⊚ false

43) Horizontal gene transfer between individuals in a population, while not a mutation, is a source of genetic variation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

44) Horizontal gene transfer is limited to between prokaryotic bacteria of the same species.

⊚ true
⊚ false

45) In exon shuffling, the duplicated or rearranged exons appear as new domains in different genes.

⊚ true
⊚ false