Developmental Genetics – Test Bank | Ch26 – 7th Edition

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1) You are studying a compound in C. elegans that prevents formation of the skin. You wish to inject it all cells that develop into skin, but you wish to avoid injecting as many non-skin cells as possible. Among the list below, what cell(s) should you inject the compound into? (Check all that apply.)

A) AB
B) P 1
C) EMS
D) P 2
E) MS
F) E

2) You are working in a Drosophila lab. Imagine you are able to introduce new mutations immediately after fertilization. You introduce these mutations in each of the following genes in individual developing flies. Select the mutations that will affect the progeny of the flies in which you introduced the mutation but not in the fly in which you introduced the mutation.

A) bicoid
B) nanos
C) pipe
D) snake
E) gooseberry
F) engrailed
G) gurken

3) You are working in a Drosophila lab. Imagine you are able to introduce new mutations immediately after fertilization. You introduce these mutations in each of the following genes in individual developing flies. Select the mutations that will affect the fly in which you introduced the mutation.

A) deformed
B) trunk
C) hedgehog
D) runt
E) labial
F) orthodenticle
G) cactus

4) The ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are formed during the __________ stage of embryogenesis.

A) fertilization
B) cellular blastoderm
C) syncytial blastoderm
D) gastrulation

5) Pole cells are responsible for forming what structures in an adult organism?

A) Liver cells
B) Gametes
C) Nerve cells
D) Hematopoietic stem cells

6) Gap genes and pair-rule genes are examples of genes that determine __________.

A) the formation of body segments
B) the formation of the primary cell layers
C) the formation of cellular adhesion
D) the formation of the major body axis

7) Morphogens, induction, and cell adhesion provide __________ to a developing organism.

A) positional information
B) maternal effect genes
C) homeodomains
D) lineage tracing

8) What is the first stage of embryonic pattern development in Drosophila?

A) Limb position
B) Body axes
C) Segmentation patterns
D) Metamorphosis

9) A Drosophila larva that develops from an oocyte that has no bicoid mRNA will have what developmental defect?

A) Only ventral structures
B) No dorsal structures
C) Only anterior structures
D) Only posterior structures

10) The bicoid gene has what pattern of inheritance?

A) Sex-linked
B) Incomplete penetrance
C) Maternal-effect
D) Autosomal

11) Which segment gene is activated first in the Drosophila embryo?

A) Pair-rule genes
B) Segment-polarity genes
C) Gap genes
D) Myogenic bHLH genes

12) A homeotic mutation results in which of the following?

A) Incorrect formation of the body axes
B) Replacement of segments with parasegments
C) Replacing one body part with another
D) Apotosis

13) Antennapedia in Drosophila is an example of a __________.

A) loss-of-function mutation
B) gain-of-function mutation
C) zygotic mutation
D) segmentation mutation

14) What is one characteristic of a homeodomain?

A) It is a transmembrane protein
B) It can bind to the minor groove of DNA
C) It is a protein domain encoded by a homeobox.
D) It binds to DNA at random sequences.

15) Homeotic genes activate other genes that determine the ____________ of each segment.

A) orientation
B) parasegment
C) morphological characteristics
D) zygotic

16) Cell lineage diagrams are most easily prepared in which model organisms?

A) Drosophila melanogaster
B) C. elegans
C) Xenopus laevis
D) Arabidopsis thaliana

17) A mutation in which the fate of cell lineages is not synchronized in an organism is called a __________.

A) heterochronic mutation
B) apoptotic mutation
C) homeotic mutation
D) homeobox mutation

18) Hox complexes in mammals are homologous to invertebrate __________.

A) zygotic genes
B) segmentation genes
C) homeotic genes
D) maternal effect genes

19) The model organism for the study of plant development is __________.

A) Drosophila melanogaster
B) C. elegans
C) Xenopus laevis
D) Arabidopsis thaliana

20) What is one way in which plant development differs from animal development?

A) Plants can develop only from somatic cells.
B) Plants lack morphogens.
C) Cell migration occurs in plants.

21) A mutation in the B genes of Arabidopsis would result in the incorrect formation of what structure?

A) Apical meristem
B) Flowers
C) Stems
D) Roots

22) What gene must be expressed in a Drosophila for it to develop into a female fly?

A) SRY
B) Hox
C) Sxl
D) sex-1

23) In humans, what gene determines maleness?

A) DSX
B) sex-1
C) SRY
D) Sxl

24) An XY human individual with a deletion that has inactivated SRY will developmentally be what sex?

A) Male
B) Female

25) What gene in humans prevents male development?

A) SRY
B) DAX1
C) SOX9
D) Sxl

26) The spatial arrangement of different regions in the body is called a __________.

A) pattern
B) morphogen
C) induction
D) segment

27) Genes that specify the final identity of a body region are called __________.

A) bicoid
B) homeobox genes
C) homeotic
D) lineage genes

28) Molecules that convey positional information and promote developmental changes are called __________.

A) morphogens
B) determined
C) totipotent
D) apical

29) Programmed cell death is called _______.

A) destructioninitiation
B) apoptosis
C) myogenesis
D) morphogens

30) The _______ of a morphogen determines its effect on development.

A) size
B) homeodomain
C) color
D) concentration

31) The morphological features that a group of cells will eventually adopt is called the _______.

A) positionalinformation
B) cell fate
C) cell adhesionmodel
D) embryogenesis

32) The consensus coding sequence of homeotic genes is called a _______.

A) TATA box
B) Pribnow box
C) homeobox
D) parasegment

33) Skeletal muscle cell development is controlled by _______ proteins.

A) homeobox
B) basic domain
C) Hox
D) myogenic bHLH

34) The ABC model explains the process of _______.

A) braindevelopment
B) flowerdevelopment
C) sexdetermination
D) muscledevelopment

35) During what stage of development do homeotic genes begin to establish cell fate?

A) Formation of body axes
B) Segmentation of the body
C) Determination of structures within the segments
D) Cell differentiation

36) You are carrying out T-cell lineage tracing in wild type C. elegans. You inject a non-degradable lin-14 transcript into the T.a cell during L1. This will allow the lin-14 protein to be made in this cell, and all of its cellular descendants. Assume the lin-14 protein will not be degraded in these cells. What do you predict the outcome to be?

A) The worm will have normal numbers of neurons and epidermal cells.
B) The worm will have abnormal numbers of neurons but the correct number of epidermal cells.
C) The worm will not have neurons or epidermal cells.
D) The worm will have abnormal numbers of epidermal cells but the correct number of neurons.
E) The worm will have abnormal numbers of epidermal cells and neurons.

37) You are working in an Arabidopsis lab. You identify a mutant strain of plants that grows curly leaves. You now need to determine what gene is mutated in these mutant plants. This is an example of __________.

A) forward genetics
B) reverse genetics
C) gene knockout
D) heterochronic mutations

38) You are studying sex determination in Drosophila. You engineer a version of the msl-2 transcript that is not inactivated by the Sxl protein and introduce this construct into XX flies. What will the sex of these flies be?

A) The flies will be male.
B) The flies will be female but will likely have problems due to increased expression of genes on the X chromosomes.
C) The flies will be female but will likely have problems due to decreased expression of genes on the X chromosomes.
D) The flies will be male but will likely have problems due to increased expression of genes on the Y chromosome.

39) In Drosophila embryos, the anterior compartment of a segment overlaps with the posterior compartment of a parasegment.

⊚ true
⊚ false

40) A C. elegans with a heterochronic mutation in lin-14 will lay eggs normally.

⊚ true
⊚ false

41) Studies of invertebrate and vertebrate development suggest that there is a universal body plan for bilateral animal development.

⊚ true
⊚ false

42) HoxC-6 is always expressed posterior to vertebrae 7 during the development of every vertebrate.

⊚ true
⊚ false

43) One of the four types of cellular events that occur in animal development is apoptosis.

⊚ true
⊚ false

44) In Arabidopsis, the CLV3 gene is expressed in the organizing center and induces the cells in the central zone to become undifferentiated stem cells.

⊚ true
⊚ false