Ch25 | Biosphere Interactions – Complete Test Bank – 16e

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Human Biology, 16e (Mader)

Chapter 25 Human Interactions with the Biosphere

1) What is the world's current population?

A) almost 1 billion people

B) almost 3 billion people

C) almost 5 billion people

D) over 7 billion people

E) over 10 billion

Section: 25.01

Topic: Human Population Growth

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.01.01 Define the terms exponential growth and carrying capacity and explain how each relates to human population growth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2) What is the definition of biotic potential?

A) a relatively slow (lag) population growth

B) maximum growth rate under ideal conditions

C) maximum population the environment can sustain

D) the birthrate, or natality

E) the death rate, or mortality

Section: 25.01

Topic: Population Ecology

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.01.01 Define the terms exponential growth and carrying capacity and explain how each relates to human population growth.

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3) The carrying capacity of Earth for humans is approximately 8 billion people.

Section: 25.01

Topic: Human Population Growth

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.01.01 Define the terms exponential growth and carrying capacity and explain how each relates to human population growth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4) How is the growth rate of a population determined?

A) birthrate

B) death rate

C) birthrate minus death rate

D) birthrate times death rate

E) birthrate divided by death rate

Section: 25.01

Topic: Population Growth Models

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.01.02 Explain the relationship among birthrate, death rate, and the annual growth rate of a population.

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5) If the birthrate is 22 per 1000 per year and the death rate is 8 per 1000 per year, what is the population growth rate?

A) 2.2%

B) 0.8%

C) 1.4%

D) 14%

E) 22%

Section: 25.01

Topic: Population Growth Models

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 25.01.02 Explain the relationship among birthrate, death rate, and the annual growth rate of a population.

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6) Birthrate and death rate are usually expressed as percentages (per 100 people).

Section: 25.01

Topic: Population Growth Models

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.01.02 Explain the relationship among birthrate, death rate, and the annual growth rate of a population.

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7) In order to have a negative population growth rate

A) the birthrate must exceed the death rate.

B) the biotic potential of the population must increase.

C) the death rate must exceed the birthrate.

D) the carrying capacity for the population must increase.

E) only replacement reproduction can occur.

Section: 25.01

Topic: Population Growth Models

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.01.02 Explain the relationship among birthrate, death rate, and the annual growth rate of a population.

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8) Currently the world population growth is approximately 1.2%. If the birthrate in 2009 was 19.86 per 1000, what was the death rate?

A) 19.86

B) 7.86

C) 12

D) 1.2

E) 78.6

Section: 25.01

Topic: Population Growth Models

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 25.01.02 Explain the relationship among birthrate, death rate, and the annual growth rate of a population.

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9) The more-developed countries have typically always had low population growth rates.

Section: 25.01

Topic: Human Population Growth

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.01.03 Compare and contrast the difference between more-developed countries (MDCs) and less-developed countries (LDCs) with regard to population growth.

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10) What does the U.S. population growth look like?

A) increasing

B) decreasing

C) leveling off

D) an upside-down pyramid

E) a rectangular column

Section: 25.01

Topic: Human Population Growth

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.01.03 Compare and contrast the difference between more-developed countries (MDCs) and less-developed countries (LDCs) with regard to population growth.

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11) The population growth in less-developed countries is

A) modestly increasing.

B) dramatically increasing.

C) negative.

D) leveling off.

E) stable.

Section: 25.01

Topic: Human Population Growth

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.01.03 Compare and contrast the difference between more-developed countries (MDCs) and less-developed countries (LDCs) with regard to population growth.

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12) What happened to the death rate in LDCs following World War II? Why?

A) It increased due to the loss of infrastructure following the war.

B) It increased due to the spread of disease because of refugees from the war.

C) It decreased because of the introduction of modern medicine.

D) It decreased because people were no longer dying in World War II.

E) It stabilized due to fewer people dying in war.

Section: 25.01

Topic: Human Population Growth

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.01.03 Compare and contrast the difference between more-developed countries (MDCs) and less-developed countries (LDCs) with regard to population growth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13) There are more women in LDCs entering the reproductive years than there are older women who can no longer reproduce.

Section: 25.01

Topic: Human Population Growth

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.01.03 Compare and contrast the difference between more-developed countries (MDCs) and less-developed countries (LDCs) with regard to population growth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14) The age structure diagram of MDCs is shaped like

A) a pyramid.

B) an inverted pyramid.

C) a rectangle.

D) an oval.

E) a cube.

Section: 25.01

Topic: Human Population Growth; Population Growth Models

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.01.03 Compare and contrast the difference between more-developed countries (MDCs) and less-developed countries (LDCs) with regard to population growth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15) If there are more women in the postreproductive years than in the reproductive years, and more women in the reproductive years than in the prereproductive years, what does the age structure diagram look like?

A) a pyramid

B) an inverted pyramid

C) a rectangle

D) an oval

E) a cube

Section: 25.01

Topic: Population Growth Models

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 25.01.03 Compare and contrast the difference between more-developed countries (MDCs) and less-developed countries (LDCs) with regard to population growth.

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16) If each couple only has two children, zero population growth will take place immediately.

Section: 25.01

Topic: Human Population Growth; Population Growth Models

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 25.01.02 Explain the relationship among birthrate, death rate, and the annual growth rate of a population.

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17) Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A) land

B) solar energy

C) fossil fuels

D) minerals

E) oil

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.02.01 Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable resources and give an example of each.

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18) Define an ecological footprint.

A) the total amount of resources used by an individual to meet his/her needs

B) the amount of food a person needs to eat

C) the amount of water a person needs to meet his/her needs

D) the amount of land a person needs to provide a place to live

E) the amount of energy a person needs to meet his/her needs

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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19) Which of the following reduces your ecological footprint?

A) drive an energy-efficient car

B) eat more beef

C) live in a larger home

D) increase travel by airplane 

E) water the lawn regularly during summer 

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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20) At least 40% of the world population lives within 100 km (60 miles) of a coastline.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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21) Which of the following is an issue for coastal areas?

A) loss of habitat for organisms

B) loss of buffer zone for storms

C) pollution

D) erosion

E) All of the answer choices are problems associated with coastal areas.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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22) How much of Earth's land mass is already desert?

A) 1%

B) 10%

C) 40%

D) 50%

E) 65%

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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23) The soil in the tropics is very rich and fertile and makes excellent land for agriculture.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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24) It is considered a human right for people to have clean drinking water.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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25) Most of the fresh water in the world is used for

A) drinking.

B) bathing.

C) irrigation.

D) watering lawns.

E) industrial needs.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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26) Overall, there is not enough water on the face of the Earth to meet the human population needs for water.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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27) Which of the following is considered a benefit of a dam?

A) electricity generation

B) altering river flow

C) loss of water by evaporation

D) seepage into underlying rock beds

E) sediment buildup

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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28) Which of the following is associated with groundwater depletion?

A) subsidence

B) sinkholes

C) saltwater intrusion

D) lowering of the water table

E) All of the answer choices are associated with groundwater depletion.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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29) Which of the following is a harmful practice of modern farming?

A) heavy use of pesticides and herbicides

B) heavy use of fertilizers

C) generous irrigation

D) increased fuel consumption

E) All of the answer choices are harmful practices of modern farming.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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30) Planting the same crop in straight rows prevents soil erosion.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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31) How many more people could be fed on one pound of grain than one pound of meat?

A) 20 times

B) 10 times

C) 5 times

D) 3 times

E) 2 times

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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32) "Green revolution" plants cause many ecological problems.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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33) In MDCs, many people do not eat enough protein.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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34) Reducing your personal meat consumption would be beneficial to the environment.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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35) What do hydropower and wind power have in common?

A) Both require the building of dams.

B) Both lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.

C) Both are renewable energy sources.

D) Both result in the depletion of fossil fuels.

E) Both require the use of photovoltaic cells.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

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36) Wind is to a wind farm as what is to hydropower?

A) flowing water

B) solar energy

C) hydrogen gas

D) steam

E) hot salt

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37) What organization oversees the cleanup of hazardous waste sites in the United States?

A) NIH

B) NSF

C) USDA

D) EPA

E) USGS

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) Why should pregnant women and small children avoid certain fish?

A) herbicide contamination

B) mercury contamination

C) pesticide contamination

D) lead contamination

E) PCB contamination

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 25.02.03 Identify examples of biological magnification.

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39) Which organism is more likely to suffer due to biological magnification?

A) earthworm

B) caterpillar

C) minnow

D) pelican

E) algae

Section: 25.02

Topic: Conservation Biology

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 25.02.03 Identify examples of biological magnification.

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40) Decorative plants and exotic pets often suffer from overexploitation.

Section: 25.03

Topic: Conservation Biology; Biodiversity; Extinction

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.03.01 Describe the factors that are contributing to the current biodiversity crisis.

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41) Explain the consequences of groundwater depletion.

Saltwater intrusion can also occur when too much groundwater is removed from an aquifer. A decreased level of freshwater in the aquifer allows for seawater to back up into the depleted stream and aquifer.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 25.02.02 Explain how human activity is influencing the natural resources of land, water, food, minerals, and energy.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

42) Which of the following is a factor that benefits biodiversity?

A) alien species

B) increased carrying capacity

C) pollution

D) overexploitation

E) disease

Section: 25.03

Topic: Biodiversity

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 25.03.01 Describe the factors that are contributing to the current biodiversity crisis.

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43) Which of the following is an alien species that has invaded the United States?

A) bass

B) oak trees

C) wolves

D) kudzu

E) buffalo

Section: 25.03

Topic: Conservation Biology; Biodiversity

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.03.01 Describe the factors that are contributing to the current biodiversity crisis.

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44) Describe the factors that are contributing to the biodiversity extinction crisis we are currently experiencing.

Alien species: nonnative species are introduced into an ecosystem that often out-compete the native species. This causes the populations of native species to decrease in size.

Pollution: human-influenced pollution brings about environmental changes that adversely affect the lives and health of living organisms. Acid deposition, climate change, and biomagnification are leading to species extinction.

Overexploitation: when the number of individuals taken from a population exceeds the ability of the population to replace them, the overall population size will decrease.

Disease: emerging diseases can impact wildlife as much as it can impact humans and domestic animals. With climate change occurring, various diseases are expanding their original range.  

Section: 25.03

Topic: Biodiversity

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 25.03.01 Describe the factors that are contributing to the current biodiversity crisis.

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45) Fish are considered a nonrenewable resource.

Section: 25.02

Topic: Conservation Biology; Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.02.01 Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable resources and give an example of each.

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46) Which of the following is an indirect, as opposed to a direct, value of biodiversity?

A) medical use

B) food

C) consumptive use

D) ecotourism

E) agricultural use

Section: 25.03

Topic: Biodiversity

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.03.03 Discuss the indirect values to society for conserving biodiversity.

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47) What do indirect values of biodiversity all have in common?

A) They are all involved with the biogeochemical cycles.

B) They are all pervasive benefits provided by ecosystems.

C) They provide pleasure and relaxation for humans.

D) They all depend on an individual species.

E) They all undo some harm that humans have done.

Section: 25.03

Topic: Biodiversity

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 25.03.03 Discuss the indirect values to society for conserving biodiversity.

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48) Which of the following would be an example of an organism that provides direct benefit by consumptive use value?

A) armadillos

B) rosy periwinkle

C) wheat

D) rice

E) trees

Section: 25.03

Topic: Biodiversity

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.03.02 Identify the direct values to society for conserving biodiversity.

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49) Which of the following medicinal value pairings is mismatched?

A) rosy periwinkle—leukemia

B) armadillo—leprosy

C) viruses—antibiotics

D) fungus—penicillin

E) horseshoe crabs—limulus amoebocyte lysate

Section: 25.03

Topic: Biodiversity

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 25.03.02 Identify the direct values to society for conserving biodiversity.

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50) Is it important to save the wild relatives of our current crop plants, even at great cost?

Section: 25.03

Topic: Biodiversity

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 25.03.02 Identify the direct values to society for conserving biodiversity.

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51) Which of the following statements about the indirect value of trees is true?

A) Globally, they stabilize the climate because they take up carbon dioxide.

B) They provide shade and reduce the need for fans and air conditioning.

C) In forests, they exert a natural "sponge effect" for the provision of freshwater.

D) They retain soil and prevent soil erosion.

E) All of the answer choices are true.

Section: 25.03

Topic: Biodiversity

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 25.03.03 Discuss the indirect values to society for conserving biodiversity.

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52) A sustainable society is able to provide the same amount of goods and services for future generations as it does for the current one, while preserving biodiversity.

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.04.01 Describe the characteristics of a sustainable society.

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53) Which of the following is an unsustainable practice of society?

A) eating more meat than vegetables

B) using more freshwater resources for agriculture than in homes

C) using large amounts of fossil fuels, fertilizers, and pesticides

D) deforestation and desertification

E) All of the answer choices are unsustainable. 

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 25.04.01 Describe the characteristics of a sustainable society.

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54) The biggest problem in moving toward a sustainable society in LDCs is overconsumption.

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.04.01 Describe the characteristics of a sustainable society.

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55) Which of the following is a characteristic of a sustainable society?

A) multi-use farming

B) integrated pest management

C) mass transit

D) recycling and composting

E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of a sustainable society.

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.04.01 Describe the characteristics of a sustainable society.

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56) How long does it take for a plastic grocery bag to degrade?

A) 1–2 weeks

B) 1–2 months

C) 1 year

D) 10–20 years

E) more than 50 years

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.04.02 Identify methods of developing sustainability in rural and urban environments.

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57) Which of the following is an urban, not a rural, sustainability plan?

A) use low-flow or trickle irrigation

B) plant cover crops

C) use green roofs

D) use integrated pest management

E) plant multipurpose trees

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.04.02 Identify methods of developing sustainability in rural and urban environments.

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58) When calculating the gross national product, economists consider whether an activity is environmentally harmful.

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 25.04.03 List the methods of determining economic well-being and quality of life.

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59) Which of the following criteria of value are mismatched?

A) cultural value—language and history

B) option value—preserving for the future

C) educational value—experience of nature

D) aesthetic value—agricultural use

E) use value—entrance fees

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 25.04.03 List the methods of determining economic well-being and quality of life.

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60) List and describe the criteria that are used to measure quality of life.

Option value: preserving options for the future.

Existence value: saving things we might not realize exist yet.

Aesthetic value: appreciating an area or creature for its beauty and contribution to biodiversity.

Cultural value: factors such as language, mythology, and history that are important for cultural identity.

Scientific and educational value: valuing the knowledge of naturalists, or even an experience of nature.

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 25.04.03 List the methods of determining economic well-being and quality of life.

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61) Measures that include noneconomic indicators are better than the gross national product is at revealing our quality of life.

Section: 25.04

Topic: Sustainability

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 25.04.03 List the methods of determining economic well-being and quality of life.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation