Ch24 Indigenous Community Economic Complete Test Bank

Chapter 24

Indigenous Community Economic Resilience

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Canada has not been the exception in terms of __________________.
   1. economic resilience
   2. Indigenous communitarian development
   3. the development of laws and regulations to assimilate Indigenous populations
   4. tensions and challenges between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people
   5. economic growth
2. Indigenous Peoples are called _____________ by George Manuel.
   1. First Nations
   2. the Fourth World
   3. Inuit
   4. the Fourth Power
   5. the Third World
3. George Manuel is ____________.
   1. Canada’s first Prime Minister
   2. an advocate for Indigenous assimilation into Western culture
   3. an advocate for Indigenous rights
   4. an advocate for Indigenous reserves
   5. an advocate for Indigenous schools
4. George Manuel argued which of the following?
   1. Global commonalities in experience due to the crushing effects of colonization for Indigenous Peoples
   2. The Canadian experience of the crushing effects of colonization for Indigenous Peoples
   3. An ancient global community of Indigenous Peoples
   4. The basic principles of Indigenous Peoples’ rights
   5. Global exceptionalities in experience due to the effects of colonization for Indigenous Peoples.
5. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples offered signatory nations _______________.
   1. principles for the sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples
   2. truth and reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people
   3. basic political ways of life
   4. an opportunity to declare solidary and seek guidance between Indigenous nations
   5. an opportunity to declare solidary and seek guidance in support of Indigenous Peoples
6. UNDRIP stands for _______________.
   1. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Protection
   2. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
   3. United Nations Deposition on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
   4. United Nations Deposition on the Religions of Indigenous Peoples
   5. United Nations Declaration on the Religions of Indigenous Peoples
7. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) is ____________.
   1. mandatory for signatory countries
   2. not mandatory for the majority of signatory countries
   3. not mandatory for signatory countries
   4. mandatory solely for countries who have populations of Indigenous Peoples
   5. None of the above
8. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) ________________.
   1. engaged with fact-finding missions and made recommendations to its members on Indigenous Peoples
   2. explores Indigenous Peoples’ economic realities
   3. explores the relationship Indigenous Peoples have experienced over time with their new neighbours in Canada.
   4. directed corporations to use UNDRIP for the framework of their business dealings with Indigenous Peoples
   5. directed corporations to use UNDRIP for the framework of their business dealings in Canada
9. Which of the following is critical for successful economic development for Indigenous Peoples in Canada?
   1. Control of land and effective governance structures
   2. Effective governance structures and updated technology
   3. Technological upgrades and resource management
   4. All of the above
   5. None of the above
10. Recognition of the global right to self-determination by Indigenous Peoples was the driver for which of the following?
    1. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
    2. Call to Action #92
    3. France and England, as colonizers
    4. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
    5. Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Canada
11. To produce the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) took ______________.
    1. nearly a decade
    2. less than a year
    3. less than five years
    4. eight years
    5. more than ten years
12. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) states _______________.
    1. the global needs of Indigenous Peoples
    2. a comprehensive list of the many rights of Indigenous Peoples
    3. prerogatives for the conservation and protection of the environment
    4. a comprehensive list of universal rights
    5. policies of assimilation
13. Article 21 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) states which of the following?
    1. Exercising rights to development include using Indigenous Peoples’ own institutions to set health, economic, and social programs tailored to each situation.
    2. Protection of traditional land rights is recognized with rights to develop and control these lands in the hands of Indigenous Peoples.
    3. Indigenous Peoples have the right to improve economic and social conditions and are to be supported by the countries where they reside.
    4. Conservation and protection of the environment as well as Indigenous lands are shared responsibilities with the government in the relevant countries.
    5. Rights are to be given respect and legal recognition by the countries where the lands are located.
14. Article 26 of United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) refers to which of the following?
    1. Economic well-being
    2. Social programs
    3. Conservation
    4. Shared responsibilities with non-Indigenous governments
    5. Traditional land rights
15. Canada’s policies of assimilation caused ____________.
    1. economic devastation
    2. economic growth
    3. a national hegemony
    4. recognition of Indigenous rights
    5. All of the above
16. In general, Canada has been slow to make substantive changes in terms of the rights of Indigenous Peoples, with the notable exception of ______________.
    1. Ontario
    2. British Columbia
    3. Alberta
    4. Manitoba
    5. Nunavut
17. Economic hurdle(s) created by the Indian Act resulted in which of the following?
    1. The deliberate marginalization of Indigenous Peoples from economic activity
    2. Higher Indigenous unemployment rates
    3. Overrepresentation of Indigenous Peoples in lower-paying jobs
    4. The lack of infrastructure on reserves that is necessary to support, attract, and retain businesses
    5. All of the above
18. British Columbia’s Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act seeks to do which of the following?
    1. Align provincial laws with RCAP
    2. Align provincial laws with UNDRIP
    3. Enact a new law
    4. Pressure other provinces to make similar declarations
    5. All of the above
19. The Harvard Project has concluded that _______________ is/are important for a vibrant Indigenous economy.
    1. Sovereignty
    2. Institutions
    3. Culture
    4. Leadership
    5. All of the above
20. In ___________, a lack of historical awareness has shaped substantial cultural differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people.
    1. the United Kingdom
    2. Latin America
    3. Canada
    4. East Asia
    5. Europe
21. _______________, the historical discussion among Indigenous Peoples has several possible purposes, including to educate, acknowledge culture, or introduce listeners to culture.
    1. Through written traditions
    2. Through language
    3. Through cosmology
    4. Through sharing the past orally
    5. Through treaties and agreements
22. Western tradition is basically captured in ______________.
    1. myths
    2. historical records
    3. oral traditions
    4. art
    5. imagination
23. For Indigenous Peoples, spirituality is associated to the idea that _______________.
    1. all life is interconnected
    2. government and church are united
    3. government and church should remain separate
    4. all humans have the same rights
    5. land is owned privately
24. Which of the following is the national organization supporting Inuit governance?
    1. The territorial government of Nunavut
    2. The federal government of Canada
    3. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
    4. The Assembly of First Nations
    5. None of the above
25. Canadian history that reflects the framework put forward by the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples is divided into __________ stages.
    1. four
    2. three
    3. two
    4. ten
    5. eight
26. Leadership on reserves can be elected by which of the following?
    1. Elections held under the Indian Act’s electoral provisions
    2. Elections held under the First Nations Election Act
    3. A self-government agreement that puts elections, laws, and policies into individual communities’ control
    4. Band custom election practices recognized by the federal government based on community submissions
    5. All of the above
27. Indigenous Peoples live in nations across _______________.
    1. Maine
    2. Canada
    3. Turtle Island
    4. Oolichan
    5. Nunavik
28. What makes Kitsaki Management Limited Partnership’s approach to economic development different from other communities?
    1. They bring in managerial expertise from outside of the community
    2. They solely focus on managerial expertise from inside their community
    3. They diversify their investments through partnerships
    4. Both A and C
    5. Both B and C
29. Chief Louie and the Osooyoos Indian Band (OIB) have worked to create economic development while protecting their culture through which of the following?
    1. Commercial leasing of land
    2. An 18-hole champion golf course
    3. A cultural centre
    4. Nk’Mip Vineyards
    5. All of the above
30. Indigenous Peoples’ political systems developed from traditions that _____________.
    1. honoured diversity
    2. honoured Mother Earth
    3. was based on subsistence systems
    4. recovered oral narrations
    5. described their cosmological beliefs

True or False Questions

1. All Indigenous nations were nomadic as dictated by their environment.
2. The period of contact between Europeans and Indigenous Peoples also marked the emergence of the market mentality in England and the Netherlands.
3. Among European nations, separation of church and state was enforced with a system of governments and ecclesiastical institutions.
4. At the beginning, the contact between European and Indigenous Peoples was intensively chaotic and hostile since Europeans sought fish.
5. During the second stage of the Canadian history framed by the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, it is estimated that more than half of the Indigenous population died because of lack of immunity to imported diseases.
6. The Osooyoos Indian Band (OIB) focuses on the concept of community wellness that is based on health, hard work, and financial sustainability that support children and elders.
7. Indigenous Peoples supplied furs to trading companies in exchange for needed goods.
8. The Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management automatically opted all First Nations communities out of the Indian Act’s rules for land management.
9. New economies based on timber, minerals, and agriculture needed labour—not land—from Indigenous Peoples.
10. Due effective legal protection for Indigenous peoples, resources were seldom arbitrarily removed from the traditional lands they occupied.
11. The British approach to treaties noted that the terms of treaties and oral agreements would be upheld, and Indigenous interests would be protected.
12. The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) is the national advocacy body for more than 900,000 members and 634 First Nations communities.
13. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 stated that land acquisitions had to be secured through purchase by the Crown.
14. The Crown of England was never interpreted to have created a fiduciary responsibility for Indigenous Peoples.
15. The Crown became a central party to all land transactions between Indigenous and non-Indigenous entities in Canada.
16. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 recognized Indigenous Peoples’ title to land.
17. An important dimension of Indigenous economic well-being is commitment to cultural and traditional activities to augment income production.
18. Relatively cooperative and respectful nation-to-nation relationships had characterized the interactions between Indigenous Peoples and the Canadian government until the 1600s.
19. According to the 2016 census, there are 1.6 million Indigenous individuals who make up 5 per cent of Canada.
20. Policies of domination changed from respecting Indigenous culture and government to the assimilation of Indigenous Peoples into the European-influenced Canada.
21. Policies of assimilation underpinned the establishment of circumscribed areas for Indigenous Peoples to live in, called “reserves.”
22. Challenges to economic development for Indigenous communities include poor quality of land, lack of land ownership, poverty, environmental stress, prejudice, and problematic legislation.
23. Reserves helped Indigenous Peoples support community well-being, as well as erasing isolation and poverty.
24. The British North America Act of 1867 formed Canada and returned power to Indigenous governments.
25. Canada’s first constitution took over valuable resources located on some reserves and took over community finances away from Indigenous nations.
26. Canadian assimilations policies became part of the Indian Act that remains in place today.
27. All Indigenous communities face the same challenges and opportunities for achieving economic development and growth.
28. For some Indigenous communities, traditional values demonstrate a relationship with the land that is quite different from the roots of Western economic thought, in that the land is inseparable from human life because it is the giver of life.
29. Residential schools were created to assimilate Indigenous children in Canada.
30. The first Canadian residential school was opened in 1949.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are some of the common challenges faced by Indigenous Peoples around the world?
2. Describe the general role of the United Nations in relation to Indigenous Peoples.
3. Briefly describe the context and driving force behind the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).
4. Give some examples of the self-determination rights granted to Indigenous Peoples by UNDRIP.
5. Describe Canada’s reaction to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).
6. Describe the different approach and view of history between Indigenous and non-Indigenous, Western people.
7. What was the general situation of Indigenous Peoples in North America before contact with Europeans?
8. Describe the social organization of Europeans and the emergence of capitalism as an economic system had on European and Indigenous contact.
9. What was the fur trade between Indigenous Peoples and Europeans based on?
10. How and why was cooperation between Indigenous Peoples and Europeans first affected?
11. What happened when trade activities shifted from fur to timber or agriculture to the cooperation system between Indigenous Peoples and Europeans?
12. What was the objective of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and what is its relevance even today?
13. What ideas supported the application of displacement and assimilation policies in North America?
14. Describe the ideas that Europeans had about Indigenous Peoples and their cultures that formed the basis for policies of assimilation that were enacted between 1812 and 1969.
15. What were reserves and what purposes did they have?
16. Describe the present-day Inuit governance structure.
17. What were residential schools and what were some of their long-term impacts?
18. Explain the importance of effective governance structures and control of the land for successful economic development in Indigenous communities. Provide an example.
19. Describe the governance structure of the Métis National Council (MNC).
20. Describe Kitsaki Management Limited Partnership’s approach to economic development.
21. Describe the Oka Crisis and explore its significance.
22. Describe the successes in economic development that the Osooyoos Indian Band (OIB) has experienced, as well as its future goals.

Essay Questions

1. What is the importance of economic development and access to resources for the self-determination of Indigenous Peoples in Canada? How can it compare to other parts of the world?
2. What priorities has the Harvard Project indicated for a healthy Indigenous economy? What other aspects do you consider relevant?
3. Explore employment statistics surrounding Indigenous Peoples in Canada and how they have changed over time.
4. What is the role of education for the future of Indigenous Peoples in Canada? How would this future affect cultural identity?
5. What were some of the consequences of assimilation policies in Canada?