Ch23 Refugees And International Development Test Bank Docx

Chapter 23

Refugees and International Development Policy and Practice

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Refugees are a consequence of which of the following?
   1. Human mobility
   2. The modern state system
   3. Immigration
   4. Feudalism
   5. Slavery
2. Once states become sovereigns, _____________.
   1. rulers began to accept refugees
   2. rulers began to determine the political constitutions of communities
   3. rulers began to determine who could and could not belong to political communities
   4. refugees began to determine who could and could not belong to political communities
   5. the UN began to determine who could and could not belong to political communities
3. The term “refugee” was first used in ____________.
   1. New York
   2. the 1980s
   3. 1695
   4. 1712
   5. 1685

1. The Huguenots were ____________.
   1. refugees from Syria
   2. religious refugees from France
   3. displaced communities from El Salvador
   4. Protestants that fled to the United Kingdom
   5. early immigrants from France
2. Which of the following reinforces the notion that all citizens of a state should belong to the same nation?
   1. Nationalism
   2. Colonialism
   3. Liberalism
   4. Modernization theory
   5. Dependency theory
3. Nationalism and colonialism _______________.
   1. are twin drivers of progress
   2. have redefined the notion of the state
   3. have prevented forced immigration
   4. have forced thousands of people into exile
   5. None of the above
4. UNHCR was given a mandate to ________________.
   1. cooperate with governments with war conflicts
   2. cooperate with governments that do not receive refugees
   3. ensure the international protection of countries that receive thousands of refugees
   4. ensure the national protection of refugees
   5. ensure the international protection of refugees
5. The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was established in ___________.
   1. 2015
   2. 2012
   3. 1945
   4. 1951
   5. 1918
6. The largest group of forced migrants in the world are which of the following?
   1. Syrian refugees
   2. Internally displaced people
   3. Internationally displaced people
   4. Asylum seekers
   5. Forced labour refugees

1. IDPs refers to people who are ____________.
   1. are forced to work within their own country because of conflict, persecution, or natural disaster
   2. are displaced from their own country because of conflict, persecution, or natural disaster
   3. are displaced within their own country because of conflict, persecution, or natural disaster
   4. asylum seekers
   5. all kinds of immigrants
2. People who are outside of their country of origin, waiting to be recognized as refugees are known as _____________.
   1. IDPs
   2. forced labour immigrants
   3. refugees
   4. asylum seekers
   5. immigrants
3. In 2018 there were approximately _____________ asylum seekers in the world.
   1. 4.2 million
   2. 3.5 million
   3. 6.3 million
   4. under 1 million
   5. over 10 million
4. People who have abandoned their homes due to the consequences of climate change are victims of which of the following?
   1. forced labour immigration
   2. international conflicts
   3. international climate displacement
   4. border crossings
   5. illegal immigration
5. Advocates for development as a bottom-up, community-driven process ____________.
   1. see great promise in the approach of the Global Compact on Refugees
   2. raise concerns about the interests behind the Global Compact on Refugees
   3. see great promise in the interests behind the Global Compact on Refugees
   4. see great promise in markets as drivers of development
   5. engage with efforts to link humanitarian efforts with development
6. The UN Human Rights Committee ruled that individuals who flee to another country due to an immediate threat to their life resulting from climate change ____________.
   1. be forced to return to their own countries
   2. work legally in host countries
   3. find legal asylum
   4. be detained after the climate event has passed
   5. All of the above
7. As many as 200 million people may be displaced by climate change by which of the following?
   1. 2100
   2. 2050
   3. 2021
   4. 2030
   5. 2045
8. The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees states in Article 17 that ____________.
   1. Contracting States shall, “as far as possible,” facilitate the process for refugees to apply for citizenship
   2. refugees have the right to move freely within a country and chose their place of residence
   3. refugees have the right to engage in self-employment in areas such as industry
   4. refugees have the right to engage in self-employment in areas such as agriculture
   5. refugees have the right to engage in wage-earning employment
9. Economic inclusion could lead to legal inclusion as refugees would ____________.
   1. be given citizenship
   2. be given asylum
   3. be given a place to stay within refugee camps
   4. be able to move freely in the host country
   5. All of the above
10. Refugees with disabilities and elderly refugees ___________.
    1. lack protection because of their positionality
    2. lack protection because they cannot enter the workforce
    3. lack protection because they can return to their countries of origin
    4. can enter the workforce with no major obstacles
    5. None of the above
11. The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was seen by the Global South as reflecting which of the following?
    1. A significant milestone in the relationship between refugees and development
    2. A Eurocentric administration of refugees
    3. A Eurocentric definition of refugees
    4. A Eurocentric view of asylum seekers
    5. A first step towards protecting internally displaced people
12. The 1969 Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa includes the 1951 Convention definition, plus an additional provision that includes _________________ in the term refugee.
    1. refugees with disabilities
    2. the right for employment
    3. economic inclusion
    4. external aggression, occupation, foreign domination, or events seriously disturbing public order in either a part or the whole of their country of origin or nationality
    5. elderly refugees
13. Latin American states agreed on the ________ Cartegena Declaration on Refugees.
    1. 1951
    2. 1969
    3. 1918
    4. 1980
    5. 1984
14. When Tanzania gained its independence in 1961, it was already hosting refugees from neighboring ____________.
    1. Kenya
    2. Burundi
    3. Rwanda
    4. Uganda
    5. Malawi
15. Tanzania’s approach to refugees was known as ____________.
    1. refugee asylum
    2. refugee self-reliance
    3. refugee permanence
    4. refugee socialism
    5. refugee placement
16. In Tanzania, settlements were established for __________________ along the same principles as ujamaa villages.
    1. Burundians
    2. Rwandans
    3. recent immigrants
    4. Rwandan and Burundian refugees
    5. all refugees
17. Tanzania hoped that the presence of refugees could help _____________.
    1. attract resources from other countries to their own
    2. develop remote border regions
    3. develop a stronger political system
    4. develop self-reliance of refugees
    5. use more forced labour
18. The end of superpower rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in which of the following?
    1. The abandonment of the ujamaa system
    2. An increase in the number of refugees
    3. A dramatic decrease in the number of refugees
    4. Prevented the arrival of refugees on their territory and sought to contain refugees in the Global South
    5. The conditions that caused refugees to flee countries of origin
19. After the Cold War, faced with large and protracted refugee situations, coupled with their own governance and development challenges, ____________.
    1. refugees returned to their countries of origin
    2. states in the Global South began placing restrictions on the rights of refugees
    3. states in the Global North began restricting the arrival of refugees and sought to contain refugees in the Global South
    4. the United States began placing increased restrictions on the rights of refugees
    5. Russia began placing increased restrictions on the rights of refugees
20. DLI stands for ___________.
    1. Development through Local Integration
    2. Development through Local Immigration
    3. Distance Local Integration
    4. Development for Refugees through Local Integration
    5. Development Assistance for Refugees
21. Development Assistance for Refugees was intended for ______________.
    1. integrated community development assistance for refugees
    2. integrated community development assistance for local communities receiving refugees
    3. the Convention plus initiative
    4. permanent integration or citizenship for refugees
    5. interim self-reliance for refugees without necessarily leading to citizenship
22. DAR and DLI were largely which of the following?
    1. Unlimited
    2. Uncontrolled
    3. Unsuccessful
    4. Successful
    5. Controversial
23. From the late 2000s, _________________ began to look more closely at refugees, along with other categories of forced migrants, in a more systematic way.
    1. The 1951 Convention
    2. The Global South
    3. The UN
    4. The IMF
    5. The World Bank
24. In response to deteriorating asylum conditions in the Middle East in the early 2000s, ____________.
    1. Syrian refugees began moving to the United States
    2. Syrian refugees began moving to Europe
    3. Syrian refugees began moving to Northern Africa
    4. the number of forced labour immigrants from African countries increased
    5. the number of refugees moving to Europe decreased

1. In the Turkana region of northwest Kenya, the World Bank reported that the economic activity of refugees contributed ______________.
   1. more than US$20 million to the local economy
   2. less than US$50 million to the local economy
   3. more than US$50 million to the local economy
   4. approximately US$30 million to the local economy
   5. more than US$50 million to the global economy

True or False Questions

1. Events in Europe in 2015 provided the most striking evidence of the historical success of two decades of efforts to contain refugees in their regions of origin.
2. Deteriorating asylum conditions in the Middle East have forced thousands of refugees to move to Europe in the early 2000s.
3. European responses to arrivals of refugees have been chaotic and uncoordinated.
4. Thanks to mechanisms at the level of the European Union to foster cooperation, states in northern and eastern Europe sought to open their borders to refugees who had arrived in Italy and Greece.
5. European centres for refugees lacked reliable access to shelter and sanitation, as well as the legal process to help refugees claim asylum.
6. When Germany announced its willingness to accept all Syrian asylum seekers arriving on its territory, other countries in Europe followed its example.
7. The United States convened a Congress session on Global Awareness of the Tragedies of Irregular Migrants in the Mediterranean Basin with Specific Emphasis on Syrian Asylum Seekers.
8. The Global Awareness of the Tragedies of Irregular Migrants in the Mediterranean Basin with Specific Emphasis on Syrian Asylum Seekers has resulted in sweeping new commitments toward the global response to refugees.
9. The report entitled “In Safety and Dignity,” issued by the UN secretary-general (UNSG) made ambitious calls for more anti-refugee international cooperation among countries in the Global South.
10. The report “In Safety and Dignity” calls on refugee-hosting states to allow refugees greater freedom of movement and economic rights.
11. An agreement was unanimously endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly on 19 September 2016 in the form of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants to respond to the needs of refugees and the states that host them.
12. Through the New York Declaration, member states of the United Nations committed to a new approach to respond to the needs of refugees and host communities, primarily by erasing the connections between humanitarian and development approaches.
13. Soon after the New York Declaration, the World Bank announced a cut of US$2 billion initiative for refugees and host communities.
14. The World Bank is now able to provide support to low- and middle-income countries hosting large refugee populations.
15. According to the World Bank announcement, funding cannot recognize the challenge that some countries face in pursuing their own development goals while accommodating refugees.
16. One example of where support from the World Bank has resulted in a new approach is in Israel, which hosts nearly 1 million refugees from Syria.
17. Through the Jordan Compact, the government of Jordan has received support from the World Bank to develop Special Economic Zones.
18. In Costa Rica, refugees can apply for permits to work in special economic zones, while goods produced in these zones can be imported into the European Union on preferential terms.
19. The development of special economic zones leads to the commodification of refugees and can ultimately constrain the rights of refugees by relegating them to low-paid sectors of the economy.
20. The New York Declaration also started the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), the Global Compact on Refugees.
21. The new Global Compact on Refugees is intended to support the implementation of the principles of the New York Declaration.
22. Pilots of the CRRF did not involve national committees of humanitarian and development actors developing joint programming to benefit both refugees and host communities. They only focused on humanitarianism.
23. A key theme at the Global Refugee Forum was the need to exclude refugees in national and local development programs and create refugee camps with access to health and education.
24. Approximately 80 per cent of the world’s 71 million displaced persons are to be found in the Global South.
25. The decision to grant refugee status to asylum seekers is the responsibility of governments.
26. By the mid-1990s, 90 per cent of refugees in Africa lived in self-reliant settlements, in contrast to the 1970s when 90 per cent of refugees lived in refugee camps.
27. With the support of key donor states, host states, and actors such as the World Bank, new models were developed in countries such as Jordan to avoid the influx of refugees from Syria.
28. There have been concerns about the spread of the COVID-19 among densely populated refugee camps and urban areas, so state responses on the well-being of refugees have been fast and effective.
29. The shut-down of national economies because of COVID-19 has disproportionately affected refugees across the Global South.
30. In the 1960s and 1970s, the presence of refugees was seen as an asset, as well as a way for development in peripheral regions of newly independent states to be promoted.
31. Refugees are a consequence of the modern state system.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the central focus of the first Global Refugee Forum?
2. When was the first Global Refugee Forum held?
3. What was the first important result of the first Global Refugee Forum?
4. How recent is the link between refuges and development? Discuss one of the first references in the twentieth century.
5. Why did the link between refugees and development become more complex in the 1980s and 1990s?
6. What is the UN organization that deals with refugees and what challenges has it faced?
7. Why was 2015 a turning point in relation to the connection between refugees and development?
8. Discuss some examples of new approaches to the link between refugees and development after 2015.
9. What has been the general impact of COVID-19 on the issue of refugees in the world?
10. How did the creation of the modern nation state help shape the conceptualization of refugees?
11. Describe the situation of refugees after World War II.
12. What was the main objective of the UNHCR?
13. What are the main components of the normative foundation of the global refugee regime?
14. What is the proportion of refugees if taken into the realm of immigration?
15. What are some of the reasons people are forced to move?
16. How has climate change become a driver of immigration?
17. What are some of the rights recognized to refugees by the 1951 Refugee Convention?
18. In what way can refugees become self-reliant?
19. In what way can the concept of a “refugee” be conceived as Eurocentric?
20. What was the main innovation in the definition of a refugee by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa?
21. How do Latin American states define a refugee?
22. Describe the situation of refugees in relation to development in African countries between 1960 and 1980.
23. In the early 2000s, how have refugees interacted with economic systems?

Essay Questions

1. In what way was Tanzania’s response to refugees in the 1970s successful but unsustainable?
2. Describe the situation of refugees in the Global South after the Cold War. What was the position of the North? Give some examples of responses in the Global South.
3. Why were DLI and DAR initiatives unsuccessful and why were there some exceptions?
4. In what ways have refugees contributed to the economy of host countries?
5. What were the main elements of the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan for Syria?