Ch20 Cardiovascular System Vessels and Circulation Test Bank

Anatomy & Physiology, 3e (McKinley)

Chapter 20 Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

1) The ________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.

A) tunica media

B) tunica externa

C) tunica intima

D) tunica interna

E) None of the answers is correct.

2) A network of small arteries called the ________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large vessels.

A) vasa vasorum

B) companion vessels

C) distributing arteries

D) fenestrated arteries

E) thoroughfare channels

3) In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the

A) tunica externa.

B) tunica media.

C) tunica intima.

D) tunica adventitia.

E) None of the answers are correct because all the layers are of the same dimension.

4) The ________ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

A) tunica media

B) tunica externa

C) tunica intima

D) tunica adventitia

E) None of the answers is correct.

5) Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ________ and the tissues of the body.

A) arteries

B) veins

C) capillaries

D) capillaries and veins

E) capillaries and arteries

6) As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries

A) get smaller.

B) get larger.

C) show no change in their lumen size.

7) As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins

A) get smaller.

B) get larger.

C) show no change in their lumen size.

8) Which are found in the capillary wall?

a: Endothelium

b: Subendothelial layer

c: Internal elastic lamina

d: Intercellular clefts

e: External elastic lamina

f: Basement membrane

A) a, d, f

B) a, b, d, f

C) a, b, d, e, f

D) a, c, d, e, f

E) b, d, e, f

9) In general, as an artery's diameter decreases, the artery walls show

A) a decrease in the relative amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

B) an increase in the relative amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

C) an increase in relative amounts of smooth muscle and elastic fibers and a decrease in endothelium.

D) a decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers and an increase in areolar connective tissue.

10) The largest arteries of the body are classified as

A) muscular arteries.

B) arterioles.

C) elastic arteries.

D) muscular and elastic because they have the same dimensions.

E) None of the answers is correct.

11) Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae?

A) Elastic arteries

B) Arterioles

C) Muscular arteries

D) Elastic and muscular arteries

E) Elastic arteries and arterioles

12) The function of the postcapillary venule is to

A) allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues.

B) allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues.

C) drain the capillary bed.

D) supply metarteriole with blood.

E) allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes.

13) Precapillary sphincters will

A) control blood flow into the true capillaries.

B) cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.

C) open when the tissue needs nutrients.

D) close when the tissue's needs have been met.

E) All of the answers are correct.

14) Sinusoids are found in

a: bone marrow

b: spleen

c: small intestine

d: kidney

e: liver

f: muscle

g: skin

A) a, b, e

B) b, c, e, f

C) c, d

D) f, g

E) b, c, d, g

15) Which is the most common type of capillary?

A) Fenestrated

B) Sinusoids

C) Continuous

D) Venules

E) Discontinuous

16) A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ________ micrometers.

A) 1

B) 10

C) 100

D) 1000

17) Valves in veins

A) make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.

B) are the leading cause of high blood pressure.

C) are found only in the largest veins.

D) cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.

E) are formed of the tunica media.

18) Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?

A) Pulmonary arteries

B) Pulmonary veins

C) Systemic arteries

D) Systemic veins

19) When physical exertion has ended and the body is at rest, veins demonstrate

A) vasodilation so that they function as blood reservoirs.

B) vasodilation so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

C) vasoconstriction so that they function as blood reservoirs.

D) vasoconstriction so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

20) Circulation to the spleen demonstrates a(n)

A) simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

B) simple pathway, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

C) anastomosis, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

D) anastomosis, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

21) A portal system

A) includes a functional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis.

B) is a simple circulatory system with an arteriovenous anastomosis.

C) is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

D) is one in which circulation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal) vein.

E) is one in which multiple arteries converge on one organ or body region.

22) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported between the blood and interstitial fluid by way of

A) exocytosis and endocytosis by endothelial cells.

B) pinocytosis using fluid-filled vesicles.

C) diffusion from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.

D) active transport (using ATP) by protein carriers of endothelial cells.

23) Some large molecules, such as fatty acids, are transported between capillaries and tissues by vesicular transport.

24) Which statement accurately compares filtration and reabsorption?

A) Filtration is driven by concentration gradients, whereas reabsorption depends on hydrostatic pressure.

B) Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into the blood.

C) Filtration happens at the venule end of a capillary bed and reabsorption happens in feeder arterioles.

D) The direction of filtration can be either into or out of the blood, but reabsorption always involves fluids entering the blood.

25) Filtration and reabsorption are processes that involve water (a solvent) but not solutes.

26) Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to

A) the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.

B) the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes diffusion out of the capillaries.

C) the proteins in the blood, and it promotes filtration.

D) the pressure generated by the heart, and it favors osmosis into the arteriole end of the capillary bed.

E) the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes filtration from arterioles.

27) Which statement is accurate?

A) Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

B) Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

C) Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

D) Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

28) Give the formula for net filtration pressure; then include typical values (at the arterial end of a capillary bed) for all variables and include units.

29) Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the

A) blood hydrostatic pressure minus the tissue hydrostatic pressure.

B) colloid osmotic pressure in the blood divided by resistance in the tissue.

C) blood pressure times the total peripheral resistance.

D) net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure.

E) osmotic pressure in the tissue minus the hydrostatic pressure in the blood.

30) As blood moves from the arterial end to the venous end of a capillary, net filtration pressure

A) increases, as blood hydrostatic pressure rises.

B) increases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure rises.

C) decreases, as blood hydrostatic pressure decreases.

D) decreases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases.

E) remains the same, as rises in blood osmotic pressure are offset by declines in tissue osmotic pressure.

31) If someone were to have abnormally low levels of protein in their blood, then net filtration pressure would

A) be higher than normal.

B) be lower than normal.

32) If someone suffered from hypertension, such that the blood pressure in their capillaries was elevated, then net filtration pressure would be

A) above normal.

B) below normal.

33) Blood hydrostatic pressure in systemic capillaries is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.

34) Concerning the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid at systemic capillaries,

A) more fluid is absorbed and reabsorbed than is filtered.

B) more fluid is filtered than reabsorbed.

C) the fluid reabsorbed into the capillary exactly matches the amount filtered by the capillary.

35) Considering the bulk flow that occurs at capillary beds, the lymphatic system is needed to

A) reabsorb excess fluid from the interstitial fluid.

B) filter additional fluid to the interstitial fluid.

C) connect arterioles to venules and provide a shunt from the true capillaries.

D) regulate colloid osmotic pressure so that filtration levels do not decline.

36) Although local blood flow to different organs varies from time to time (based on demand), the distribution of blood vessels in the various organs of the body is fairly similar.

37) The higher the degree of vascularization in a tissue, the greater the potential for local blood flow.

38) Tendons and ligaments have

A) a high degree of vascularization, therefore high perfusion and rapid healing.

B) a high degree of vascularization, therefore high perfusion and slow healing.

C) a high degree of vascularization, therefore low perfusion and slow healing.

D) a low degree of vascularization, therefore high perfusion and rapid healing.

E) a low degree of vascularization, therefore low perfusion and slow healing.

39) The formation of new blood vessels is a process known as ________.

40) If someone were to decrease their food intake and increase aerobic exercise, they might lose adipose tissue and condition their muscles. These changes would also influence their blood vessels, as there would be

A) regression of blood vessels in adipose tissue and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle.

B) angiogenesis in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.

C) regression of blood vessels in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.

D) angiogenesis in adipose tissue and regression of blood vessels in skeletal muscle.

E) changes in the diameter of blood vessels, but no angiogenesis nor regression.

41) Angiogenesis

A) is a momentary chemical control of local blood flow.

B) involves muscular constriction of arterioles to alter local perfusion.

C) allows for an increase in the perfusion of a local tissue.

D) involves building new muscle tissue and decreasing the amount of blood vessels in a region.

42) A vasodilator causes a decrease in local blood flow at a capillary bed.

43) At a capillary bed, a vasoconstrictor

A) constricts local arterioles, thereby increasing pressure and increasing local blood flow.

B) stimulates precapillary sphincters and decreases local blood flow.

C) dilates local arterioles, thereby increasing pressure and increasing local blood flow.

D) inhibits precapillary sphincters to relax and decreases local blood flow.

E) constricts precapillary sphincters and thereby increases local blood flow.

44) Imagine yourself sitting in an awkward position in an uncomfortable chair that is depriving part of your leg from normal blood flow. This deprivation of adequate perfusion will result in what sort of local changes in your leg?

A) Decreases in carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions will cause vasodilation.

B) Buildup of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions will cause vasoconstriction.

C) Buildup of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions will cause vasodilation.

D) Decreases in oxygen and potassium will cause vasoconstriction.

E) Increases in oxygen and potassium will cause vasodilation.

45) An increase in blood flow that follows a temporary disruption of blood flow is known as reactive ________.

46) Tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine, which can

A) stimulate release of nitric oxide, a vasodilator.

B) stimulate release of nitric oxide, a vasoconstrictor.

C) inhibit release of nitric oxide, a vasodilator.

D) inhibit release of nitric oxide, a vasoconstrictor.

47) To prevent excessive blood loss following tissue damage, local chemicals such as

A) bradykinins are released to trigger vasoconstriction.

B) nitric oxides are released to trigger vasoconstriction.

C) thromboxanes are released to trigger vasoconstriction.

D) prostaglandins are released to trigger vasodilation.

E) vasopressins are released to trigger vasodilation.

48) Which statement accurately describes total blood flow?

A) Total blood flow equals cardiac output and is a fixed number given that there is a finite amount of blood in the body.

B) Total blood flow equals cardiac output and can vary significantly over time with activity levels.

C) Total blood flow is measured as the sum of blood flow to upper and lower extremities and is measured in liters.

D) Total blood flow is measured as the sum of blood flow to upper and lower extremities and is measured in beats per minute.

E) Changes in total blood flow are accompanied by equivalent changes in local blood flow in all areas of the body.

49) The driving force propelling blood through the circulatory system is the difference in blood pressure from the beginning of a blood vessel to its end. This difference is known as the blood pressure ________.

50) Blood pressure is lowest in

A) arteries.

B) veins.

C) arterioles.

D) venules.

E) capillaries.

51) Systolic blood pressure is recorded

A) in arteries and is the minimum pressure that is recorded during ventricular relaxation.

B) in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction.

C) in veins and is the maximal pressure recorded during atrial contraction.

D) in veins and is the minimum pressure recorded during atrial relaxation.

E) in both arteries and veins and is the maximum pressure recorded during diastole of the heart.

52) The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel

A) is called the pulse.

B) is called the blood pressure.

C) increases the further the vessel is from the heart.

D) is greater during diastole.

E) is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.

53) If someone's blood pressure were listed as 125/75 mmHg, then their pulse pressure would be

A) 125 mmHg.

B) 5/3.

C) 50 mmHg.

D) 40 mmHg.

E) 100 mmHg.

54) If someone's blood pressure were listed as 110/65 mmHg, then their mean arterial pressure (MAP) would be

A) 70 mmHg.

B) 80 mmHg.

C) 90 mmHg.

D) 100 mmHg.

E) 110 mmHg.

55) The contraction of skeletal muscles plays an important role in the movement of blood in the veins.

56) The respiratory pump assists blood movement within the veins of the trunk, because as a person inspires,

A) intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure both increase.

B) intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure both decrease.

C) intra-abdominal pressure increases and intrathoracic pressure decreases.

D) intra-abdominal pressure decreases and intrathoracic pressure increases.

57) Peripheral resistance is

A) directly related to both vessel length and radius.

B) inversely related to both vessel length and radius.

C) directly related to vessel length and inversely related to vessel radius.

D) inversely related to vessel length and directly related to vessel radius.

58) Imagine someone who drank too much water before running a race. Their very watery blood would have

A) high viscosity and therefore have high resistance.

B) high viscosity and therefore have low resistance.

C) low viscosity and therefore have high resistance.

D) low viscosity and therefore have low resistance.

59) Blood flow is

A) directly related to both the pressure gradient and the resistance.

B) directly related to the pressure gradient but inversely related to the resistance.

C) inversely related to both the pressure gradient and the resistance.

D) inversely related to the pressure gradient but directly related to the resistance.

60) An increase in blood vessel diameter would lead to a decrease in blood flow.

61) Atherosclerosis involves a

A) sustained increase in blood flow that leads to decreases in venous resistance to keep blood pressure constant.

B) sustained increase in resistance that leads to increases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

C) sustained decrease in resistance that leads to decreases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

D) sustained decrease in blood flow that leads to increases in arterial diameter to lower resistance and raise pressure.

E) sustained increase in blood pressure that leads to compensatory vasodilation.

62) Increased cardiac output ________ the blood pressure.

A) decreases

B) increases

C) will not affect

63) The cardiac center of the brainstem includes the

A) cardioacceleratory center, from which parasympathetic pathways extend.

B) cardioacceleratory center, from which sympathetic pathways extend.

C) vasomotor center, from which parasympathetic pathways extend.

D) cardioinhibitory center, from which sympathetic pathways extend.

E) All of the choices are correct.

64) Excitation of the vasomotor center results in

A) increased sympathetic activity and predominantly more vasoconstriction than vasodilation.

B) increased parasympathetic activity and predominantly more vasodilation than vasoconstriction.

C) increased autonomic activity that increases heart rate and dilates blood vessels.

D) decreased autonomic activity that decreases heart rate and constricts blood vessels.

E) redistribution of blood flow away from the skeletal muscles and toward the skin.

65) The aorta contains specialized sensory nerve endings that respond to stretch of the vessel wall. These pressure-sensitive structures are called aortic arch ________.

66) Imagine a patient who loses lots of blood and therefore has less stretch of their aorta with each heartbeat. What reflex will result?

A) Baroreceptors increase firing, the vasomotor center increases firing, and skin blood vessels will dilate to cause a compensatory increase in flow.

B) Baroreceptors decrease firing, the cardioacceleratory center increases firing, and cardiac output will exhibit a compensatory increase.

C) Baroreceptors increase firing, the cardioinhibitory center increases firing, and the heart slows significantly to prevent further bleeding.

D) Baroreceptors decrease firing, the cardioinhibitory center and vasomotor centers increase firing, the heart slows, and blood is redirected.

67) High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate

A) baroreceptors to activate the vasomotor center.

B) chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center.

C) baroreceptors to activate the cardioinhibitory center and inhibit the cardioacceleratory center.

D) chemoreceptors to inhibit the vasomotor center.

E) baroreceptors and chemoreceptors to activate the cardioinhibitory center and inhibit the vasomotor center.

68) Epinephrine, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone each cause an increase in blood pressure.

69) Renin converts

A) antiotensin I to antiotensin II.

B) angiotensin II to angiotensin I.

C) angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

D) antidiuretic hormone to angiotensin.

E) antidiuretic hormone to angiotensinogen.

70) Angiotensin II causes

A) increased heart rate, vasodilation, and less urine formation.

B) decreased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and increased urine formation.

C) vasoconstriction, decrease urine formation, and increased thirst.

D) decreased thirst, vasodilation, and increased urine formation.

E) vasoconstriction, increased urine formation, and decreased thirst.

71) Increases in angiotensin II levels cause decreases in blood pressure.

72) Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates

A) vasoconstriction, increased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

B) vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

C) vasoconstriction, decreased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

D) vasodilation, decreased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

E) vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and therefore increased blood pressure.

73) Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide have ________ effects on blood pressure.

A) similar

B) opposite

74) Blood velocity is measured in ________ and is generally ________ related to total cross-sectional area of blood vessels.

A) cm/second; directly

B) cm/second; inversely

C) liter/min; directly

D) liter/min; inversely

75) The velocity of blood flow through capillaries is

A) rapid, due to their small total cross-sectional area.

B) rapid, which prevents pooling in lower extremities.

C) slow, due to small total cross-sectional area, low friction and high pressure.

D) slow, which allows sufficient time for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues.

76) During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. What other blood flow changes occur?

A) Blood flow to coronary vessels increases, and flow to abdominal organs decreases.

B) Blood flow to skin decreases, and flow to the kidneys increases.

C) Blood flow to coronary vessels increases, and flow to skin and brain decreases.

D) Blood flow to skin, heart, and kidneys decreases.

77) Describe the changes in blood flow and pressure that result when someone engages in prolonged strenuous exercise. Indicate how pressure, flow, and resistance change systemically and in the skeletal muscles being used.

78) The pulmonary trunk carries

A) oxygenated blood from the left ventricle toward the lungs.

B) oxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs.

C) oxygenated blood from the lungs toward the left atrium of the heart.

D) deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs.

E) deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the right atrium of the heart.

79) Pulmonary veins carry blood toward the left atrium of the heart.

80) Pulmonary arteries are wider than systemic arteries. Therefore, pulmonary circuit blood pressure is

A) high and blood flows very rapidly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange.

B) high and blood flows very slowly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange.

C) low and blood flows very rapidly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange.

D) low and blood flows very slowly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange.

81) The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the

A) brachiocephalic artery.

B) right common iliac artery.

C) right brachial artery.

D) right coronary artery.

E) superior vena cava.

82) The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the

A) brachiocephalic artery.

B) subclavian arteries.

C) common iliac arteries.

D) common carotid arteries.

E) None of these answers is correct.

83) The vessels that supply the lower limbs are the

A) common carotids.

B) internal iliac arteries.

C) subclavian arteries

D) external iliac arteries.

E) vertebral arteries.

84) The branch of the external carotid that is responsible for supplying the teeth, gums, nasal cavity, and meninges is the ________ artery.

A) jugular

B) maxillary

C) lingual

D) occipital

E) internal carotid

85) The artery that will eventually subdivide to form the posterior cerebral arteries is the ________ artery.

A) basilar

B) external carotid

C) maxillary

D) superficial temporal

E) internal carotid

86) The anterior communicating artery of the cerebral arterial circle connects the

A) posterior cerebral arteries.

B) anterior cerebral arteries.

C) vertebral arteries.

D) basilar artery and the internal carotid artery.

E) posterior communicating artery and the middle cerebral artery.

87) The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the

a: Internal jugular veins

b: Right sigmoid sinus

c: Left sigmoid sinus

d: Subclavian veins

e: Straight sinus

A) a, b, e

B) a, c, d

C) b, c, e

D) a, d

E) b, d, e

88) The internal thoracic artery will become the ________, which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.

A) superior epigastric artery

B) inferior epigastric artery

C) anterior intercostal arteries

D) musculophrenic artery

E) None of the answers is correct.

89) Most of the venous blood of the cranium drains through large vessels known as the ________ venous sinuses.

90) At the bifurcation of the aorta in the pelvic region, the ________ artery arises to supply the sacrum and coccyx.

A) lumbar

B) posterior intercostal

C) subclavian

D) median sacral

E) femoral

91) The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the ________ veins.

A) internal thoracic

B) inferior epigastric

C) lumbar

D) brachiocephalic

E) internal jugular

92) Several esophageal branches emerge off of which of the following vessels?

A) Celiac trunk

B) Bronchial arteries

C) Left gastric artery

D) Superior mesenteric artery

93) The azygos vein is located on the left side of the vertebrae.

94) The azygos vein merges with the ________ vena cava.

95) Superior phrenic arteries supply the ________ and emerge from the ________.

A) diaphragm; descending abdominal aorta

B) diaphragm; descending thoracic aorta

C) stomach; descending abdominal aorta

D) pancreas; descending abdominal aorta

E) esophagus; descending thoracic aorta

96) What branches arise directly from the celiac trunk?

A) Left gastric and splenic arteries

B) Left gastroepiploic and splenic arteries

C) Left gastric and common hepatic arteries

D) Left gastric, left gastroepiploic, and splenic arteries

E) Left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries

97) The artery that arises from the descending aorta and is immediately inferior to the celiac trunk is the ________ artery.

A) inferior mesenteric

B) right gastric

C) common hepatic

D) superior mesenteric

E) splenic

98) The inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the

A) transverse colon.

B) transverse colon and descending colon.

C) sigmoid colon.

D) sigmoid colon and ascending colon.

E) transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.

99) Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

A) Hepatic portal vein

B) Splenic vein

C) Inferior mesenteric vein

D) Superior mesenteric vein

E) Hepatic veins

100) The hepatic portal system allows for the processing of

A) drugs and toxins in the blood so that they are secreted directly into the urine.

B) bacteria that grow in the large intestine but need to be regulated.

C) nutrients and toxins absorbed from the gastrointestinal system into the blood.

D) hormones that are secreted by glands and must be directed to their target organs.

101) The left renal vein, right renal vein, right suprarenal vein, and right gonadal vein merge directly into the

A) superior vena cava.

B) great saphenous vein.

C) inferior vena cava.

D) common iliac vein.

E) obturator vein.

102) Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?

A) Axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery

B) Brachial artery - subclavian artery - axillary artery - radial artery

C) Axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery

D) Subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery

E) Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery

103) The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the ________ and ________ arteries.

A) axillary; subclavian

B) radial; ulnar

C) radial; brachial

D) ulnar; brachial

E) axillary; brachial

104) The ________ run(s) adjacent to the medial surface of the upper limb and eventually helps form the axillary vein.

A) cephalic vein

B) radial veins

C) ulnar veins

D) brachial veins

E) basilic vein

105) The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form ________ veins; all of these veins are ________ veins.

A) brachial; deep

B) brachial; superficial

C) cephalic; deep

D) cephalic; superficial

106) The popliteal artery supplies the

A) hip joint.

B) knee joint.

C) elbow joint.

D) palmar region.

107) Which path of arteries would a blood cell follow on its way from the thigh to the foot?

A) Deep femoral a., medial planar a., posterior tibial a., plantar arterial arch

B) Femoral a., popliteal a., anterior tibial a., dorsalis pedis a.

C) Internal iliac a., deep femoral a., popliteal a., posterior fibular a.

D) Lateral sacral a., femoral a., hamstring a., tibial a., dorsalis pedis a.

E) Femoral a., saphenous a., azygos a., anterior tibial a.

108) The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it

A) merges with the popliteal vein.

B) merges with the internal iliac vein.

C) passes above the inguinal ligament.

D) passes above the tenth thoracic vertebra.

109) The great saphenous vein is a deep vein and the popliteal vein is a superficial vein.

110) The umbilical cord contains ________ umbilical vein(s) and ________ umbilical artery(ies).

A) one; one

B) two; two

C) one; two

D) two; one

E) two; three

111) Which fetal circulatory structure shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

A) Foramen ovale

B) Ductus venosus

C) Ductus arteriosus

D) Umbilical vein

E) Umbilical artery

112) What causes much of the blood in the fetal right atrium to be shunted to the left atrium through the foramen ovale?

A) The blood pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left atrium.

B) There is a valve that directs the blood that way.

C) The fetus is in an antigravity situation provided by the amnionic fluid.

D) The blood pressure in the left atrium is greater than in the right atrium.

E) The umbilical arteries have valves.

113) After birth, the remnant of the umbilical vein becomes the

A) fossa ovalis.

B) ligamentum arteriosum.

C) ligamentum teres.

D) ligamentum venosum.

E) medial umbilical ligament.

114) Umbilical arteries carry ________ blood.

A) deoxygenated

B) oxygenated

C) lymph but not

115) What causes closure of the foramen ovale at birth?

A) Higher pressure in the left atrium, which causes interatrial septum flaps to close

B) Rapid myocardial tissue growth stimulated by pregnancy hormones

C) A rise in fetal oxygen levels, which triggers growth of the epithelial lining

D) An increase in endothelial mucous production, which forms a plug

E) Migration of connective tissue from the right atrioventricular valve

116) In the figure showing an anterior view of the veins, number 4 indicates the

A) left common iliac vein.

B) left cephalic vein.

C) left basilic vein.

D) left brachiocephalic vein.

E) left internal jugular vein.

117) In the figure showing an anterior view of the arteries, which number indicates the left internal carotid artery?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

118) In the figure showing the veins of the lower extremity, which number indicates the great saphenous vein?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

119) Of the three artery types, the elastic arteries have the greatest ability to vasoconstrict and vasodilate.

120) Systolic pressure is greater than diastolic pressure due to the force generated by ventricular contraction.

121) Among the advantages of the cerebral arterial circle is the presence of collateral channels of blood flow to the brain should a supply artery become blocked.

122) The stomach needs the celiac artery blood supply in order to receive blood.

123) The liver receives oxygenated blood from the common hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein.

124) The left suprarenal and gonadal veins differ from the right suprarenal and gonadal veins in how directly they get to the inferior vena cava.

125) Branches of the subclavian arteries carry blood on the way to the brain, neck and shoulder muscles, and mammary glands.

126) Because of their role in material exchanges, the ________ are considered to be the functional units of the cardiovascular system.

127) The cyclical process of contracting and relaxing of the precapillary sphincters is called ________.

128) ________ capillaries have pores within each endothelial cell.

129) Formed primarily of tunica intima and strengthened by elastic and collagen fibers, the ________ in veins prevent blood from pooling.

130) The hepatic ________ system is a venous network that drains the GI tract and delivers blood to the liver.

131) ________ arteries emerge from the superficial and deep palmar arches to supply the fingers.

132) As the popliteal vein travels up the leg, it curves to the anterior portion of the thigh and is renamed the ________ vein.

133) The ________ vein runs alongside the lateral aspect of the upper limb and eventually drains into the axillary vein.

134) In the fetus, the blood from the umbilical vein is shunted away from the liver and sent to the inferior vena cava through the ductus ________.

135) During a dangerous situation, the sympathetic nervous system causes widespread vasoconstriction, raising systemic blood pressure. This is an example of the myogenic response. 

136) When blood flow increases stretch of specific arterioles in the kidney, the arterioles reflexively contract to keep blood pressure from getting too high. This is an example of the myogenic response.

137) Which of the following vessel types typically has the thickest tunica media?

A) Veins

B) Capillaries

C) Arteries

138) Slow blood flow in the capillaries allows time for exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues.

139) It is important that flow of blood in the ________ is slow, allowing time for nutrients and wastes to be exchanged between the blood and tissues.

140) Low blood pressure may cause the net hydrostatic pressure of a capillary to be less than normal. This will result in a(n) ________ net filtration pressure.

A) decreased

B) increased

C) unchanged

141) Select all that describe total blood flow.

A) It is the amount of blood transported through a specific tissue in given period of time.

B) It is equivalent to cardiac output.

C) It increases during exercise.

D) It averages 5 liters per minute during rest.

142) When resistance is high, a larger blood pressure gradient must be produced to maintain adequate blood flow.

143) The ________ in the pulmonary circuit carry deoxygenated blood.

A) arteries

B) veins

144) Select all that contribute to the cerebral arterial circle.

A) Internal carotid arteries

B) External carotid arteries

C) Anterior cerebral arteries

D) Posterior communicating arteries

145) Most venous blood from the cranium drains into dural venous sinuses, which drain into the internal jugular veins.

146) Which of the following supplies blood to the abdominal wall?

A) Lumbar arteries

B) Posterior intercostal arteries

C) Subclavian arteries

D) Median sacral artery

147) Select all that apply. The hepatic portal vein contains blood from the

A) splenic vein.

B) superior mesenteric vein.

C) inferior mesenteric vein.

D) hepatic veins.

148) Which of the following supplies blood to the urinary bladder?

A) Superior vesical artery

B) Superior gluteal artery

C) Middle rectal artery

D) Obturator artery

149) Which of the following supplies blood to the medial thigh muscles?

A) Superior vesical artery

B) Superior gluteal artery

C) Middle rectal artery

D) Obturator artery