Ch2 The Stages Of Research: A General Complete Test Bank

CHAPTER 2

TRUE/FALSE

1. Research designs should never be altered once the plan has been developed.
2. As personal experiences endanger neutrality or objectivity when conducting research, researchers should not select topics related to their previous experiences.
3. Most studies in criminal justice deal with subjects that have already been researched; therefore, criminal justice research is meaningless.
4. Due to the time constraint as well as advance in technology, simply googling the Internet is highly recommended when finding quality research.
5. While Wikipedia is very convenient, it has suffered from the issues of information verification.
6. Literature reviews help identifying not only what has been done about the subject but also what has not been done.
7. Literature reviews in social science is noncontributory if it introduces all the articles found without purpose or connectivity.
8. With experimental research, a researcher will go out and observe the behavior of his or her interest.
9. With respect to “levels of measurement,” the religious denomination to which respondents belong is ordinal scale measurement.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is the necessary first step in the stages of research?
2. Selecting a research topic
3. Identifying a testable research question
4. Finding research
5. Collecting the data
6. Which of the following is required when college students select a researchable topic?
7. Being conscious to what is personally important
8. Critical thinking
9. Becoming aware what helps explain social phenomenon
10. All of the above
11. Which of the following is false regarding replication research?
12. Replication is a form of duplication used to add credibility to science.
13. Replication cannot be used in criminal justice areas because of ethical issues about people’s privacy.
14. Replication may affirm previous findings, which, in turn, solidifies the findings.
15. Replication may produce different findings, which prompts further research.
16. __________ is a logical proposition to help make sense of what is happening in the real world.
17. Theory
18. Idea
19. Human behavior
20. Group action
21. The relationship between theory and research can be described as
22. theories can provide research ideas or questions.
23. research findings can stimulate theory development.
24. theories suggest testable hypotheses, and research tests those theoretical hypotheses.
25. All of the above
26. Which of the following is true regarding choosing research topics?
27. Choosing very broad topics at the beginning leads to successful research projects.
28. It is easy to begin to review the literature when it is very large.
29. It is important to choose very specific topics at the beginning, then, widen the scope if necessary.
30. All of the above
31. Which of the following is false regarding research questions?
32. Research questions in quantitative research are generally framed in hypotheses.
33. Once a researchable topic is selected, researchers do not need to develop research hypotheses.
34. Basically, a hypothesis is an informed guess about the relationship between variables.
35. A null hypothesis means that there is no expected relationship between variables.
36. Which of the following is the most reliable source when finding research articles?
37. Google
38. Newspaper
39. Peer-reviewed journals
40. Community library
41. Which of the following is true with respect to the process of finding relevant research?
42. Most universities in the United States do not allow undergraduate students to have access to their databases.
43. When university libraries do not have a specific journal article, students can obtain the copy through interlibrary loan.
44. Google Scholar is the best source of retrieving quality journal articles.
45. Government documents must be included in literature review because they always go through peer-review process.
46. Which of the following is an example of government agencies where their documents, studies, reports, and statistics in criminal justice are available for public review?
47. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
48. Federal Bureau of Investigation
49. Bureau of Justice Statistics
50. All of the above
51. When finding out who the major contributors are in a specific subject, __________ is recommended to use because it has a feature that shows how often a journal article has been cited by others.
52. LexisNexis
53. National Criminal Justice Reference Service
54. interlibrary loan
55. Social Sciences Citation Index
56. Which of the following is false regarding literature review?
57. Literature reviews are meaningful when conducting quantitative research only.
58. Literature reviews help identifying what has not been researched yet.
59. Literature reviews help identifying controversies in previous studies.
60. Literature reviews may give an idea of manipulating the conditions of variables of previous studies.
61. Which of the following is true regarding literature reviews?
62. The purpose of literature reviews for quantitative research is to find out similarly conducted studies.
63. By doing so, literature review can provide the rationale for the current study conducted.
64. Thorough literature review can produce good research hypotheses or questions that will be tested.
65. All of the above
66. Which of the following is false regarding literature reviews?
67. Literature reviews in quantitative research set up and justify the entire project.
68. Literature reviews in qualitative research are typically scattered throughout the research manuscript.
69. Literature reviews should be avoided in qualitative studies because of the problem the information would pose to biasing the researcher’s interpretation.
70. Literature review is more than a summation of the previous studies found.
71. Good literature review assesses the implications of the previous studies as they are related to the specific __________ in the current project.
72. findings
73. sample
74. research questions
75. research cost
76. What should be included in literature review?
77. Justifications of how the project being conducted can advance understanding of the subject
78. Limitations and unanswered questions in prior research
79. Comparison of various theoretical perspectives on the subject
80. All of the above
81. A research __________ is a blueprint for how the research will be conducted, which is often referred to as the method’s section.
82. question
83. design
84. review
85. topic
86. Which of the following is the most difficult to be operationalized?
87. Gender
88. Race
89. Education level
90. Family environment
91. Which of the following statements is false?
92. Validity means that researchers are actually measuring what they want to measure.
93. Reliability means concepts are measured in a way that the same answers are given over time.
94. If criminal behavior is operationalized as “ever skipped school,” it lacks reliability.
95. None of the above
96. Which of the following is not the necessary component of traditional experimental research?
97. Researcher’s personal participation
98. Experimental group
99. Control group
100. Experimental stimulus
101. Often times, researchers have a problem with collecting their own data. In this case, __________ is recommended because data are readily available.
102. field research
103. experimental research
104. secondary data analysis
105. survey research
106. During the __________ phase, researchers code the data for further statistical analyses.
107. selecting a research topic
108. literature review
109. research design
110. data collection
111. Which of the following is the typical order of conducting research?
112. Literature review – research topic selection – developing research questions – data collection
113. Research topic selection – literature review – developing research questions – data collection
114. Data collection – data analysis – literature review – research topic selection
115. Research topic selection – literature review – finding research – data collection
116. __________ scale measurement means the operationalized variable represents a name of a category.
117. Nominal
118. Ordinal
119. Interval
120. Ratio
121. Examples of __________ scale measurement include level of education on a rank order.
122. nominal
123. ordinal
124. interval
125. ratio
126. IQ represents __________ scale measurement.
127. nominal
128. ordinal
129. interval
130. ratio
131. The major difference between interval scale measurement and ratio scale measurement is
132. rank order.
133. equal distance between the categories of response.
134. zero point.
135. absolute meaning of zero.
136. __________ analysis describes a single variable, providing statistics on mean, median, or mode.
137. Univariate
138. Bivariate
139. Multivariate
140. None of the above
141. When researchers are studying the level of influence of several independent variables on the dependent variable, __________ analysis must be conducted.
142. univariate
143. bivariate
144. multivariate
145. None of the above

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

1. __________ is a research approach that provides flexibility when designing a research study.
2. __________ is conducting the same study that has been conducted previously to determine if the same results will be found.
3. A __________ is a testable proposition about the relationship between two or more variables.
4. A __________ is a study that has been evaluated by a panel of experts before its publication in an academic journal.
5. __________ is an option to retrieve journal articles when the library does not have them in collection.
6. __________ is the process of gathering and evaluating existing research that can help in developing research projects.
7. __________ is the process of converting abstract concepts to measurable variables.
8. If gender is a variable, male and female are __________.
9. In research methods, __________ is the ability to measure what is actually intended.
10. In research methods, __________ is the ability to have confidence in knowing that similar results, responses, conclusions would be reached if repeated.
11. A __________ is a portion of the total population of interest that is selected to participate in the study.
12. __________ mean out of the total sample how many actually participate in the full study.
13. __________ analysis represents the relationship between two variables of interest.