Ch2 Mendelian Inheritance | Test Bank – 7th Edition

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Student name:__________

1) The theory of pangenesis was first proposed by ________.

A) Aristotle
B) Galen
C) Mendel
D) Hippocrates
E) None of the answers are correct

2) Mendel's work was rediscovered in 1900 by which of the following individual(s)?

A) Carl Correns
B) Erich von Tschermak
C) Hugh de Vries
D) All of the answers are correct

3) Which of the following characteristics made the pea plant Pisum sativum an ideal organism for Mendel's studies?

A) It has the ability to self-fertilize
B) It was easy to cross-fertilize one plant with another
C) It has easily identifiable traits
D) All of the answers are correct

4) The anther represents the _____ portion of the plant, while the ovules represent the ____ portion of the plant.

A) female; male
B) male; female
C) female; female
D) male; male

5) Which of the following traits was not studied by Mendel?

A) Flower color
B) Seed color
C) Pod color
D) Pollen color
E) Plant height

6) A true breeding line of green pod pea plants is crossed with a true-breeding line of yellow pod plants. All of their offspring have green pods. From this information, it can be stated that the green color is _____ to the yellow color.

A) recessive
B) dominant
C) subservient
D) blended
E) None of these choices are correct

7) Mendel's work with single-factor crosses resulted in the development of which of the following?

A) Law of segregation
B) Law of independent assortment
C) Theory of natural selection
D) Law of biological evolution
E) All of these choices are correct

8) When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

A) 1:2:1
B) 9:3:3:1
C) 3:1
D) 7:4
E) Varied depending on the trait

9) An individual who has two identical alleles for a trait is said to be ___________.

A) homozygous
B) heterozygous
C) isozygous
D) a variant

10) The genetic composition of an individual is called its _____________.

A) phenotype
B) genotype
C) hybrid
D) dominance
E) None of these choices are correct

11) The observable characteristics of an organism are called its ___________.

A) phenotype
B) genotype
C) dominance
D) genes
E) None of these choices are correct

12) An individual who has two different alleles for a trait is called ____________.

A) haploid
B) homozygous
C) heterozygous
D) isozygous
E) true-breeding

13) In a Punnett square diagram, the outside of the box represents the _________.

A) diploid offspring
B) haploid offspring
C) diploid gametes
D) haploid gametes

14) Mendel's work with two-factor (dihybrid) crosses led directly to which of the following?

A) Chromosomal theory of inheritance
B) Particulate theory of inheritance
C) Law of segregation
D) Law of independent assortment
E) Theory of biological evolution

15) In a dihybrid cross using Mendelian inheritance, if both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what will be the phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

A) 3:1
B) 1:2:1
C) 1:1
D) 9:3:3:1

16) In humans, patterns of inheritance are often studied using which of the following?

A) Loss-of-function alleles
B) Production of true-breeding lines
C) Pedigree analysis
D) Self-fertilization
E) None of these choices are correct

17) The chance that a future event will occur is called ____________.

A) probability
B) goodness of fit
C) degrees of freedom
D) random selection
E) All of these choices are correct

18) Which of the following would be used to determine the probability of three independent events in order?

A) Sum rule
B) Product rule
C) Chi-square test
D) Binomial expansion
E) Random sampling error

19) A couple would like to know what the probability is that out of five children, three will be girls. This is solved using which of the following?

A) Sum rule
B) Product rule
C) Chi-square test
D) Binomial expansion
E) Random sampling error

20) Using Mendel's flower color (purple is dominant, white is recessive), if two heterozygous plants are crossed, what is the probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers?

A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 6/4
D) 9/16
E) 1/16

21) The _____ indicates the probability that differences between the observed values and the expected values are due to random chance alone.

A) P value
B) goodness of fit
C) degrees of freedom
D) empirical approach
E) None of these choices are correct

22) In the biological sciences, the null hypothesis is usually rejected if the P value is _____.

A) greater than 1
B) less than 0.30
C) less than 0.95
D) less than 0.05
E) less than 1

23) _______ is the belief that seeds are produced by all parts of the body and transmitted to the next generation.

A) Hippocrates
B) Pangenesis
C) Blending
D) Particulatetheory
E) Homunculus

24) Mendel had experience in the fields of _______ and _______.

A) physics; mathematics
B) English; psychology
C) psychology; biology
D) biology; philosophy
E) None of these choices are correct.

25) A cross in which a researcher investigates the patterns of inheritance of a single trait is called a __________.

A) monohybrid cross
B) dihybrid cross
C) two-factorcross
D) cross-fertilization
E) self-fertilization

26) In a genetic cross, the _______ represent offspring with genetic combinations that were not found in the parental lines.

A) P generation
B) nonrecombinants
C) parentals
D) nonparentals
E) None of these choices are correct

27) The study of family trees in humans is called a _______ analysis.

A) pedigree
B) monohybrid
C) dihybrid
D) statistical
E) probability

28) Statistical analysis determines the _______ between observed data and what was expected from the original hypothesis.

A) degrees offreedom
B) P values
C) completehypothesis
D) goodness offit

29) If a Punnett square is used to visualize a three-factor cross (trihybrid cross) how many boxes would be inside of the square?

A) 3
B) 8
C) 48
D) 64
E) Can't be determined

30) According to Mendel's law of segregation, allele segregation into gametes is __________.

A) based on whether the allele is dominant or recessive
B) random
C) based on whether the individual is homozygotic or heterozygotic
D) based on whether the individual is male or female

31) In the Punnett square below, in which box wouldhomozygotic dominant progeny be represented?

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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

32) The Law of Independent Assortment states that __________.

A) two different genes will randomly assort their alleles during the formation of haploid cells
B) two different alleles will randomly assort during the formation of haploid cells
C) two different genes will NOT randomly assort their alleles during the formation of haploid cells
D) two different genes will randomly assort their alleles during the formation of diploid cells

33) An allele that produces an inactive enzyme would be classified as what kind of allele?

A) Loss-of-function
B) Gain-of-function
C) Dominant
D) These do not occur and therefore there is no classification for them.

34) Which definition below is the best definition for probability?

A) The chance that an outcome will occur in the future.
B) The frequency at which homozygous recessive traits are seen in an individual mating.
C) The number of times homozygotic recessives appear through successive generations of a family as compared to heterozygotes.
D) The number of times a coin is flipped.

35) What is the probability that an offspring will have an ssRR genotype from a cross of two SsRr individuals?

A) 6.25%
B) 12.5%
C) 25%
D) 3.12%

36) If an individual that phenotypically has dominant traits is mated to another individual that also has dominant traits and the progeny have both dominant and recessive traits it indicates that __________.

A) both parents are heterozygotic
B) one parent is heterozygotic and one is homozygotic
C) both parents are homozygotic
D) no conclusions can be made about the genotypes of the parents

37) The results of a study of a population is presented in the following table. The "-" indicates that the other allele is unknown.

Which of the conclusions listed below is correct?

A) The ratios of the offspring in the S- x S - matings conform to the expected ratio for a single-gene cross.
B) The ratios of the offspring in the S - x S - matings are due to some S - parents being homozygotic and some being heterozygotic.
C) If the S- offspring of the S - x S - matings were mated to the S - offspring from the S - x ss matings there would be no ss offspring; all would be S -.
D) All of the S - offspring from the S - x S - matings are homozygotic.

38)

The results of a two-genecross of plants that are both heterozygous for the traits belowareshownin the table. What conclusions would you make?

A) More progeny should be counted since the number of progeny is too low to make this type of analysis.
B) The chi square value is so close to the p value at 0.05 a conclusion should not be drawn and another mating should be performed.
C) The results are statistically the same as the expected results.
D) The results are statistically significantly different than the expected results.

39) Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CF gene, and there are several different mutations that are known to result in CF disease. The CF mutations behave as recessive alleles to the WT CF allele. If two carriers that have different mutations in their CF genes have children what is the probability that one of their children will have CF disease?

A) 100%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

40) Huntington's disease is a fatal syndrome caused by a dominant mutation in the HD gene. The disease has an average age of onset of 35 and the majority of individuals that are affected are heterozygotes. What is the probability that a 25-year-old woman with no symptoms and who is the daughter of a man that has HD and a mother who does not will have a child that will have the mutant HD allele? (Assume she mates with a man who has normal HD genes.)

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

41) Two plants that are heterozygous for production of an enzyme are crossed. The levels of the enzyme are measured in the progeny and represented in the graph below. Homozygous dominant individuals have high enzyme levels, heterozygous individuals have intermediate enzyme levels, and homozygous recessive individuals have low enzyme levels. What is the expected ratio of the phenotypes A, B, and C in the progeny?

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A) A: 33.3%B: 33.3%C: 33.3%
B) A: 50%B: 25%C: 25%
C) A: 25%B: 50%C: 25%
D) A: 25%B: 25%C: 50%

42) Twopea plants that are heterozygous for thedominanttall gene and the dominant purple flower geneare mated. The cross resulted in 9866 progeny, of which 5550 were tall with purple flowers. What are the expected ratios of the other phenotypic classes?

A) 1850 short/white flower616 tall/white flower1850 short/purple flower
B) 1850 short/white flower1850 tall/white flower1850 short/purple flower
C) 616 short/white flower1850 tall/white flower1850 short/purple flower
D) 5550 short/white flower5550 tall/white flower5550 short/purple flower

43) If the progeny of a mating of pea plants have the following ratios 1342 smooth seed/green pod, 447 wrinkled seed/yellow pod, 429 smooth seed/ yellow pod, 1361 wrinkled seed/green pod what are the genotypes of the parents?

A) Parent 1: Homozygous for seed shape and pod colorParent 2: Heterozygous for seed shape and homozygous for pod color
B) Both parents are heterozygous for seed shape and pod color
C) Parent 1: Heterozygous for seed shape and pod colorParent 2: Homozygous seed shape and heterozygous for pod color
D) Parent 1: Heterozygous for both seed shape and pod colorParent 2: Homozygous for both seed shape and pod color

44) Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects lung function in humans.A man and a woman are both unaffected heterozygous carriers of a cystic fibrosis gene. If the couple has two children, what is the probability that their first child will be unaffected and their second child will be unaffected?

A) 6.25%
B) 18.75%
C) 37.5%
D) 56.25%

45) Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects lung function in humans.If a couple, who are both unaffected, have an affected child, what is the probability their next child will be an affected girl?

A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 1/8
D) 1/16

46) You are a researcher examining the expression pattern of a wobbly fly phenotype. You have flies that fly straight and those having a wobble flight.When you cross a straight flying strain with a strain showing a wobble flight, all the F1 flies fly straight. In the F2 generation, you get 762 straight flying flies and 238 wobbly flies. Your null hypothesis is that one gene controls flight patterns and that straight is dominant to wobbly.Use chi square analysis to test your hypothesis. What is your chi square number?Do you reject or accept the null hypothesis? Use the table listed below to help answer the question.

A) Chi square = 0.768; reject
B) Chi square = 0.768; accept
C) Chi square = 0.192; reject
D) Chi square = 0.192; accept

47) Suppose that we are dealing with four genes, each gene consisting of a dominant allele (capital letter) and a recessive allele (small case letter).If the cross CcMmLlPP X CCmmLlpp is made, what is the probability of obtaining an individual who is CcmmLLPp?

A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 1/8
D) 1/16
E) 1/32

48) In tomatoes, yellow flowers (Y) are dominant to white flowers (y) and round fruit (R) is dominant to oblong fruit (r).You cross a heterozygous yellow round plant with a plant with white flowers and oblong fruit.You get the following progeny:
238 yellow round
210 yellow oblong
270 white round
282 white oblong
Formulate a null hypothesis and performing a chi square analysis on it, what chi squarenumber would you obtain?Based upon this number, would you reject or acceptyour null hypothesis?Use the table listed below.

A) Chi square = 12.7; reject
B) Chi square = 12.7; accept
C) Chi square = 987; reject
D) Chi square = 987; accept

49) The Law of Independent Assortment does not always apply to genes that are __________.

A) linked
B) dominant
C) recessive
D) loss-of-function

50) If this pedigree shows a recessive disorder caused by homozygosity of the a allele, what are the genotypes of the parents in this pedigree?

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A) aa and aa
B) AA and aa
C) Aa and aa
D) Aa and Aa

51) If this pedigree shows a dominant disorder caused by the dominant A allele, what are the genotypes of the parents in this pedigree?

A) aa and aa
B) aa and AA
C) aa and Aa
D) Aa and Aa

52) Mendel's work on inheritance had an immediate influence on the scientific community and theories of inheritance.

⊚ true
⊚ false

53) Differences in plant flower color or plant height are called a variant of a trait.

⊚ true
⊚ false