Overview of Genetics – Ch1 Test Bank | 7th Edition

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1) The basic unit of heredity is the ___________.

A) individual
B) gene
C) macromolecule
D) trait
E) none of the answers are correct

2) A variation of a gene is called a(n) _______.

A) species
B) morph
C) genome
D) allele
E) proteome

3) Which of the following acts to accelerate chemical reactions in a cell?

A) Nucleic acids
B) Lipids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Enzymes
E) DNA

4) The building blocks of DNA are _____________.

A) amino acids
B) carbohydrates
C) enzymes
D) nucleotides
E) lipids

5) If a carbohydrate is going to be broken down for energy, which of the following molecules would be directly involved in the breakdown?

A) Catabolic enzymes
B) Nucleotides
C) Anabolic enzymes
D) Lipids
E) Chromosomes

6) RNA is formed by the process of _____________.

A) transcription
B) translation
C) both transcriptionand translation
D) Replication

7) A characteristic that an organism displays is called __________.

A) a gene
B) a chromosome
C) DNA
D) geneexpression
E) a trait

8) The level of study of genetics where the prevalence of a trait in a species is investigated is known as _____ .

A) population genetics
B) organismal genetics
C) cellular genetics
D) molecular genetics

9) The study of the processes of transcription and translation is at what level of biological organization?

A) Population
B) Organismal
C) Cellular
D) Molecular

10) Alternate versions of a specific gene are called _________.

A) nucleotides
B) chromosomes
C) alleles
D) traits

11) Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following?

A) Morphological differences
B) Small variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA
C) Carbohydrate content of the cell
D) Translation

12) An organism whose cells contains two copies of each chromosome is called _______.

A) a geneticmutation
B) a morph
C) haploid
D) diploid
E) alleles

13) A cell that makes up the body structure of an organism and is diploid is _______.

A) a gamete
B) a somatic cell
C) an allele
D) rare
E) a sperm cell

14) In many organisms, one set of chromosomes comes from the maternal parent, while the other set comes from the paternal parent. Similar chromosomes in these sets are said to be _________.

A) morphs
B) alleles
C) haploid
D) homologs
E) physiologicaltraits

15) In humans, gametes are different than other cells of the body in that they are _________.

A) diploid
B) haploid
C) geneticmutations
D) morphs

16) Which of the following is correct regarding natural selection?

A) It is not based on competition for resources
B) Beneficial traits are not passed on to the next generation
C) It does not enable a species to become better adapted to its environment
D) It may drastically change a species over time

17) The use of a gene sequence to synthesize a functional protein is known as __________.

A) loss-of-function mutation
B) gene expression
C) the human genome project
D) proteomics

18) The differences in inherited traits among individuals in a population are called _______.

A) speciesvariation
B) genetic mutations
C) geneticvariation
D) naturalselection

19) Three populations of a type of animal, each with drastically different external markings, but still members of the same species, would be called _______.

A) homologs
B) mutants
C) communities
D) alleles
E) morphs

20) The changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time is called _______.

A) homologousrecombination
B) model organismsstudies
C) geneticcrosses
D) biologicalevolution
E) hypothesistesting

21) Which of the following level of genetics studies the effects of loss-of-function mutations?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

22) Which of the following level of genetics would use a genetic cross to determine patterns of inheritance?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

23) Which of the following level of genetics studies the relationship between genetic variation and the environment?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

24) Which of the following level of genetics began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the 19th century?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

25) Which of the following level of genetics how the forces of nature have influenced the spread of traits?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

26) What is the difference between hypothesis testing and discovery-based research?

A) Hypotheses can be validated or invalidated while discovery-based research relies more on collection and analysis of data without a hypothesis.
B) Discovery-based science can be validated or invalidated while hypothesis based research relies more on collection and analysis of data.
C) There is only one type of experimental approach, both terms describe the same approach.
D) Hypothesis-basedresearch results in believable science while discovery-based research resultsin unreliable conclusions.

27) A scientist observes two populations of birds that differ slightly in their morphology. In order to explain these observations, which strategy should the scientist employ as a first step?

A) Propose a hypothesis
B) Relate structure and function
C) Analyze data
D) Use statistics

28) The cloned sheep Dolly was was born to an ewe that had a black face yet Dolly had a white face. What is the explanation for this?

A) Dolly was a mutant black faced sheep and should have had a black face.
B) The ewe that gave birth to Dolly was a mutant white faced sheep.
C) Dolly's genome was originally from an ewe that was a white faced breed of sheep.
D) Dolly was the result of mating a white faced ram and the black faced ewe when that occurs all the progeny will have a white face.

29) Fish from lakes that are stained with the plant pigment tannin are more darkly colored than fish from lakes that have less tannin. If the offspring from the fish from a lake with high tannin levels are raised in a low tannin lake they turn out to be lightly pigmented. This would most likely be an example of __________.

A) the pigmentation only being controlled by genetic factors
B) the male fish only producing sperm that resulted in the lightly pigmented morph
C) the environment controlling the pigmentation of the fish
D) the female fish only producing eggs with the lightly pigmented gene

30) Mendel is frequently credited with the discovery of transmission genetics and his major contribution relied on the breeding of peas to see what types and ratios of different offspring the plants could produce. This is an example of what kind of experiment?

A) Discovery-based
B) Hypothesis testing
C) A mixture of discovery-based and hypothesis testing
D) Neither discovery-based nor hypothesis testing

31) What would be the anticipated result if a gene produced less RNA for an essential enzyme?

A) There would be no change in the cell or the organism.
B) The cell or organism would die.
C) The cell or organism could experience difficulty possibly leading to death.
D) The cell or organism would not be any different than one that did not carry the mutation.

32) When rats are controlled by pesticides a specific allele for the oxygen carrying protein hemoglobin becomes more prevelant in the population and rats carrying the allele are more resistant to the poison. However, this allele is also less efficient at carrying oxygen. When the pesticide is no longer used then the frequency of the mutant allele drops in the population and the more efficient oxygen carrying allele increases. This can be considered an example of __________.

A) natural selection
B) gene regulation
C) DNA being the informational molecule

33) The blood types of the ABO typing system are inheritable even though they result from different forms of a carbohydrate on the cell surface. The explanation for why this in an inheritable trait is __________.

A) a protein controls the formation of the carbohydrate
B) this is an exception of DNA being the inheritable molecule
C) the carbohydrate is synthesized from the mRNA
D) the carbohydrate is synthesized directly from the DNA

34) A mutation in a codon will result in __________.

A) a new gene
B) a new allele
C) a new lipid
D) a new carbohydrate

35) If two separate species have genes with nearly identical DNA sequences it most likely means that __________.

A) they evolved from a common ancestor
B) they are really the same species and not two different species
C) they share no real relationship
D) the proteins that one of the genes makes is non-functional

36) Why would a mouse be more useful than a bacterium as a model organism?

A) Bacteria divide/replicate more slowly.
B) Mouse physiology is more closley related to humans.
C) Mice have simpler genetics and inheritance patterns.
D) Bacterial genes are more closely related to human genes.