Ch18 + Sexually Explicit Materials, | Full Test Bank

Human Sexuality, 10e (Yarber)

Chapter 18 Sexually Explicit Materials, Prostitution, and Sex Laws

1) The legal term "obscenity" comes from the Latin word for ________.

A) love

B) sex

C) filth

D) aggression

2) The word "erotica" is derived from a Greek word that means ________.

A) a tale of lust

B) heroic

C) a love poem

D) playful

3) To call certain sexually explicit material erotica means that ________.

A) it depicts the use of violence

B) it is generally evaluated positively

C) it has no artistic value

D) it exclusively deals with prostitution

4) Which of the following scenarios depicts a female sex worker who is a streetwalker?

A) Katy solicits clients by dressing provocatively and hanging out at places noted for sex work.

B) Natalia works in an M-and-M parlor located on a highway.

C) Pamela uses her cell phone to interact with customers and meets them at their residences or in hotel rooms.

D) Roxy usually offers her services to clients by accompanying them to high-profile parties.

5) What has been the effect of mass literacy and the availability of inexpensive printing techniques on sexually explicit material?

A) a dramatic fall in the incidence of child pornography

B) a gradual reduction in the pornographic content of mass-produced books and drawings

C) a dramatic increase in demand for sexually explicit material

D) a gradual increase in the number of laws directed at lesbian women and gay men that prohibit them from accessing sexually explicit material

6) The availability of in-home sexually explicit films and downloadable film clips means that ________.

A) women and couples are becoming the fastest-growing group of consumers of the adult entertainment industry

B) heterosexual men are the only consumers of sexually explicit films

C) the depiction of sexual activities catering to heterosexual couples is restricted to online and print material

D) femme porn that caters to women is no longer produced

7) Compared to other types of porn, femme porn typically ________.

A) has story lines that depict clear verbal consent and emotional intimacy

B) is male centered and shows lesser equality between the sexes

C) has a lot of violence and objectifies men

D) focuses on men's erotic fantasies rather than women's erotic fantasies

8) Which of the following statements is true about femme porn?

A) It typically involves more men than women in their production.

B) It usually has female leads or dominant characters.

C) It portrays sex between women rather than between a man and a woman.

D) It is less reflective of women's erotic fantasies and focuses more on biases against women.

9) Which of the following cases led to the legalization of same-sex marriage in all 50 states in the United States on June 26, 2015?

A) United States v. Edith Windsor

B) Ariad v. Lilly

C) Obergefell v. Hodges

D) Bilski v. Kappos

10) Many "mainstream" sexually explicit videos target a male, heterosexual audience and ________.

A) portray dominant men with huge erect penises

B) show men ejaculating on women's bodies

C) portray the image that men must "last long" to satisfy acquiescent women

D) All of the answers are correct

11) Researchers from the University of Amsterdam conducted a content analysis of 400 sexually mainstream explicit Internet videos from four of the most visited "porn" websites. Which of the following is true about the findings of the study?

A) When violent behaviors were shown, women were more likely than men to control the situation in their favor.

B) Women were less likely to experience orgasm than were men.

C) Close-ups of women's body parts occurred less frequently than close-ups of men's body parts.

D) Power differences in the sexual activities more likely depicted men as dominant and women as submissive.

12) According to sex therapist Barbara Keesling, ________.

A) women can neither be damaged nor inspired by the unrealistic body types portrayed in sexually explicit films

B) sexually explicit films can be beneficial for women who suffer from low sexual desire

C) the constant exposure to sexually explicit films is creating an empowerment of women and increasing objectification of men

D) the objectification of women in sexually explicit films is the source of eating disorders

13) Which of the following is a characteristic of mainstream sexually explicit videos?

A) They are typically oriented toward women's needs, fantasies, and preferences.

B) They typically focus on the physical beauty of the woman "star."

C) They feature male actors who are extremely "good-looking."

D) They equally target male and female audiences.

14) Which one of these is NOT a way that lesbian and gay sexually explicit films differ from heterosexual films?

A) Gay porn focuses on "well-hung" men and the eroticism of the male body.

B) Lesbian-explicit films show sexual interactions with a fairly wide range of body types.

C) Lesbian-explicit films typically depict realistic sexual interactions.

D) All of the answers are correct.

15) Amy provides sexual services to customers from her shop in a rural county. Her shop provides massage services but limits sex to masturbation. This shop would be referred to as a(n) ________.

A) female escort agency

B) stud farm

C) brothel

D) M-and-M parlor

16) Yelen is a female sex worker who works independently. She speaks to her customers directly, either by calling them up or chatting with them. She arranges to provide sexual services at her customer's residence or in a hotel room. She sometimes accompanies her customers to social gatherings as well. In the context of the types of sex workers, Yelena would be referred to as a(n) ________.

A) brothel sex worker

B) streetwalker

C) call girl

D) M-and-M worker

17) Juan is a heterosexual male sex worker who provides sexual services for female customers in exchange for money. Most of his customers are wealthy and middle-aged women who sometimes ask him to accompany them to social gatherings. In the context of the types of male sex workers, Juan would be considered a ________.

A) sugar daddy

B) gigolo

C) chickenhawk

D) kept boy

18) Jane is a female sex worker who works in a brothel. She mostly engages in oral and anal sex with her customers. Which of the following precautions should she take to reduce the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection?

A) She should avoid providing services to married men.

B) She should provide services only to wealthy customers.

C) She should ask her customers to have a warm shower before engaging in sexual intercourse.

D) She should ask her customers to use a condom during sexual intercourse.

19) Which of the following is a reason why individuals are attracted to sexually explicit videos (SEV)?

A) SEV provide an insight into female sexual fantasies.

B) SEV often act as a source of sexual information.

C) SEV portray sex realistically in the context of human relationships.

D) SEV allow for a better understanding of the nonsexual component of relationships.

20) Jeff is HIV positive. How would sexually explicit material be of special help to him and society at the same time?

A) It would facilitate safer sexual expression via masturbatory images.

B) It would portray sex realistically in the context of human relationships.

C) It would increase his sexual arousal, which in turn would increase the level of antibodies that fight HIV infection in his blood.

D) It would increase the hormone levels, which is a treatment for those who are HIV positive.

21) Which of the following describes typical lesbian sexually explicit films?

A) Women are typically very slim and most have breast implants.

B) Women in lesbian films are always strikingly masculine in their appearance.

C) They focus on the eroticism of the male body.

D) They usually feature realistic sexual interactions with a range of body types.

22) In which of these kinds of sexually explicit films would one come across the most realistic body sexual interactions?

A) heterosexual

B) lesbian

C) gay male

D) Most sexually explicit films do not depict realistic bodies.

23) In 1986, the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography stated that ________.

A) the most prevalent forms of pornography were violent

B) there was a direct link between viewing sexually explicit materials and sexual violence toward women and children

C) the largest category of sexually explicit material is child pornography

D) those who purchased sexually explicit materials tended to engage in other criminal activity

24) According to Fisher and Barak (2001), what general conclusion can be drawn about the effects of viewing pornography based on existing findings?

A) Existing findings by and large have concluded that self-directed exposure to sexually explicit media causes violence toward women.

B) No study has asserted a connection between watching pornography and violence toward women.

C) A connection has been difficult to ascertain since most studies use inmate populations.

D) Existing findings by and large have failed to confirm fears of strong antisocial effects of self-directed exposure to sexually explicit media.

25) Which of the following statements about child pornography is correct?

A) It has been found that people deter from watching child pornography on the Internet as the activity can be easily traced back to the viewer.

B) The possession of pornographic material of children is the same as owning adult pornographic material and therefore not a crime.

C) It has been found to be patently offensive and therefore not within the zone of protected free speech.

D) Participation in the creation of such material seems to have few negative effects on the children involved.

26) Which one of the following items best defines censorship?

A) maintaining an exclusive record of sexually explicit content

B) distinguishing between erotica and pornography

C) classifying materials based on their authenticity and quality

D) suppressing and deleting words, ideas, or images deemed offensive

27) Which of the following refers to the state of being contrary to generally accepted standards of morality or decency?

A) eroticism

B) pornography

C) obscenity

D) homoeroticism

28) The ________ passed in 1998 sought to require Internet users to give an adult ID before accessing a commercial site containing "adult" materials and was blocked twice by the U.S. Supreme Court.

A) Communications Decency Act

B) Child Online Protection Act

C) Online Regulatory Act

D) Minors Prohibition Act

29) Which of the following individuals has NOT been associated with censorship owing to sexually explicit content?

A) D. H. Lawrence

B) James Joyce

C) Judy Blume

D) Enid Blyton

30) Why has censorship been sought for Michael Willhoite's Daddy's Roommate and Lesléa Newman's Heather Has Two Mommies?

A) They portray children in healthy homosexual families.

B) They portray sadistic sexual behaviors.

C) They portray violent sexual acts performed on adolescents.

D) They portray and glorify gender inequality, where men are always dominant.

31) Which of the following statements is true of sexually explicit material?

A) It temporarily encourages sexual expression.

B) It portrays sex realistically in the context of human relationships.

C) It deactivates a person's typical sexual behavior.

D) It leads to moral decay and societal breakdown.

32) Many sex workers consider sex they are paid for as ________.

A) an expression of pleasure

B) a romantic expression

C) a physical expression

D) an expression of intimacy

33) Michelle works as a sex worker in a brothel and is a role model to her counterparts because of her ability to separate work from personal intimacy and view work as just a physical act. Given this characteristic to separate physical intimacy from an emotional one, which of the following is Michelle most likely to do?

A) She is most likely to avoid kissing her clients while having intercourse with them.

B) She is most likely to provide just sexual enticements and not real sex to her customers.

C) She is most likely to provide only emotional support to clients who go to her for sexual favors.

D) She is most likely to avoid vaginal intercourse with her clients and only cuddle with them.

34) Male customers of female sex workers are called ________.

A) "gigolos"

B) "pimps"

C) "johns"

D) None of the answers are correct

35) The second most common form of sex work is ________.

A) male sex workers selling sex to women

B) women selling sex to men

C) male sex workers making themselves available to men

D) women sex workers making themselves available to other women

36) What factor is commonly related to adolescent boys' and girls' entrance into prostitution?

A) a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder

B) a history of criminal behaviors

C) higher number of siblings

D) childhood victimization

37) Many sex workers ________.

A) do not kiss their clients as it gets personal and romantic

B) expect to enjoy sex with their customers

C) feel emotional and committed during all sexual encounters

D) are usually sex workers because they like anonymous sex and different partners

38) One major reason young people flee home and get pulled toward delinquent activities is ________.

A) parental abuse

B) mental illness

C) permissive parenting

D) alcoholism

39) Which of the following is true about the life of most sex workers?

A) They have strong sexual urges and look to fulfill them through their work.

B) They accept and follow traditional ideas of sexuality in their life.

C) They receive emotional intimacy from most of their customers.

D) They have a history of physical and sexual abuse during childhood.

40) How are most young women or girls introduced into prostitution?

A) by johns

B) by first offering sex in return for lavish romantic dates

C) by meeting successful sex workers in their regular jobs

D) by pimps

41) When sex workers describe the most attractive things about life in the sex worker subculture, they describe them in ________.

A) social terms

B) psychological terms

C) legal terms

D) material terms

42) Sarah is a sex worker, and she feels proud about it. If she is like most sex workers, what is the most likely reason for her to feel proud?

A) Prostitution pays her well.

B) Prostitution provides emotional intimacy with her clients.

C) Prostitution boosts her self-image.

D) Prostitution is not physically taxing like the other jobs.

43) Research has shown that adolescent sex workers describe their general psychological state of mind as ________ at the time they first entered sex work.

A) positive

B) hopeful

C) unhappy

D) confident

44) One study found that the most common sexual activity of streetwalkers is ________.

A) fellatio

B) vaginal intercourse

C) anal intercourse

D) cunnilingus

45) According to a study (Farley, 2003), what percentage of streetwalkers had been sexually assaulted?

A) less than 50 percent

B) 65 percent

C) 75 percent

D) more than 95 percent

46) According to a study (Farley, 2003), what percentage of streetwalkers had been raped?

A) 15 percent

B) 75 percent

C) 25 percent

D) 60 percent

47) According to a study (Farley, 2003), what percentage of streetwalkers had been sexually assaulted?

A) less than 50 percent

B) 65 percent

C) 75 percent

D) more than 95 percent

48) The first type of sex work in which adolescents usually become involved is ________.

A) Internet sex purveying

B) working in brothels

C) working as call girls

D) streetwalking

49) Which of the following is typical of streetwalkers?

A) They make contacts through public solicitation.

B) They mostly engage in anal intercourse with their clients.

C) They are less likely to be beaten, robbed, or raped than other sex workers.

D) They are less visible and less likely to be arrested than other sex workers.

50) "M-and-M" parlors are able to avoid legal difficulties by limiting sex to ________.

A) cunnilingus

B) masturbation

C) fellatio

D) oral-anal contact

51) Rebecca is a sex worker who works for an escort agency. She provides sexual services in a way that can fetch her more income, occupational safety, and relatively less social stigma. Among the types of sex workers, Rebecca is most likely ________.

A) a streetwalker

B) a pimp

C) a drag queen

D) a call girl

52) Most massage parlors provide ________.

A) "relief" massage

B) only masturbation services

C) an exclusive range of sexual services

D) sexual enticements but no services

53) A massage parlor sex worker offers a "local" to a paying customer. In this case, she is offering a sexual service in which there is only ________.

A) fellatio

B) oral-anal contact

C) cunnilingus

D) masturbation

54) A "hand whore" is a sex worker who ________.

A) works in an M-and-M parlor

B) uses a whip in her dominatrix routine during intercourse

C) allows men to watch as she masturbates

D) allows clients to tie her hands during intercourse

55) Call girls often work for

A) pimps

B) brothels

C) escort agencies

D) massage parlors

56) Who among the following have a higher status among sex workers and experience less social stigma?

A) brothel workers

B) call girls

C) street workers

D) masseuses

57) Which of the following terms refers to young male sex workers who are financially supported in exchange for sexual services, usually by an older "sugar daddy"?

A) pimps

B) drag kings

C) kept boys

D) chickenhawks

58) Who among the following sex workers is most likely to provide "emotional work," such as counseling and befriending their customers?

A) pimps

B) call girls

C) streetwalkers

D) masseuses

59) Sexual activity with clients is typically shorter and less varied with

A) streetwalkers

B) call girls

C) women working in brothels

D) masseuses

60) Approximately what percentage of American sex workers are streetwalkers?

A) 10 percent

B) 30 percent

C) 40 percent

D) 60 percent

61) Which of the following statements is true about research on male sex workers?

A) Compared to women in sex work, more extensive research has been conducted on male sex workers.

B) Research shows that most male sex workers are from an economically disadvantaged background.

C) Most research on male sex workers focuses on street hustlers.

D) Research shows that male sex workers are less likely to have control over their work when compared to their female counterparts.

62) Heena, a former stripper, works as a sex worker in Nevada and sells her sexual services to certain regular customers in a house of prostitution. She is required by law to undergo regular medical tests for sexually transmitted infections. By law, she must ask her patrons to use condoms. In this case, Heena is a(n) ________.

A) street sex worker

B) brothel sex worker

C) masseuse

D) escort sex worker

63) Taylor creates her own website to market her sexual services. She visits homes and other private spaces owned by wealthy businessmen to offer sexual services. She is saved from work-related hassles unlike her stripper friend Kelly who often gets assaulted by clients. She receives expensive gifts from her clients and earns more than Kelly. In this case, Taylor is most likely a ________.

A) brothel sex worker

B) call girl

C) streetwalker

D) drag queen

64) Which of the following refers to a type of male sex workers?

A) streetwalkers

B) street hustlers

C) chickenhawks

D) sugar daddies

65) The second most common form of sex work among males involves male sex workers who ________.

A) sell sex to women

B) sell sex to adolescents

C) sell sex to men

D) sell sex to transvestites

66) Which of the following is true about gigolos?

A) They are heterosexual men providing sexual services for women in exchange for money.

B) They are young men who are financially supported for sexual services by an older "sugar daddy."

C) They are young men who sell their sexual services to other males.

D) They are male sex workers who get paid for providing companionship and not sexual services.

67) Which of the following refers to an antisocial street subculture that is characterized by male and female sex work, drug dealing, panhandling, theft, and violence?

A) gay subculture

B) peer delinquent subculture

C) brothel subculture

D) escort agency subculture

68) Which of the following is true about male sex workers in the peer delinquent subculture?

A) They are more likely to find customers by working in bars than on streets.

B) They are usually called chickenhawks.

C) They sell sex for the same reason they sell drugs or stolen goods.

D) They usually work for older "sugar daddies."

69) The clients of transgender sex workers include mostly ________.

A) heterosexual men

B) bisexual women

C) heterosexual women

D) lesbian women

70) Romano is a gay sex worker. Which of the following is NOT likely to be a major reason he is engaging in prostitution?

A) for emotional intimacy

B) for sexual satisfaction

C) for adventure and fun

D) for monetary gains

71) Which of the following statements about male sex workers is true?

A) They are usually expected to ejaculate during sexual encounters.

B) They see more clients in a short period of time than their female counterparts, prostitutes.

C) Most of them are introduced to sex work through the influence of their parents.

D) The most common type of sexual behavior they engage in is cunnilingus.

72) The most common charge against sex workers is for ________.

A) solicitation

B) pandering

C) sodomy

D) vagrancy

73) Which of the following refers to a word, a gesture, or an action that implies an offer of sex for sale?

A) solicitation

B) pandering

C) acculturation

D) hawking

74) Which of the following is a reason why sex workers are at higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections?

A) Many of them are injection drug users.

B) Most of them do not have orgasms when offering sexual services to their clients.

C) Many of them require regular blood transfusions.

D) Most of them indulge in anal sex rather than oral sex.

75) Which of the following is a behavior typically considered to be sodomy?

A) anal sex

B) penile-vaginal intercourse

C) exhibitionism

D) voyeurism

76) In 1996, concerned that some states might legalize gay marriage, Congress passed the ________.

A) Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)

B) Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT) policy

C) Recognition of Customary Marriages Act

D) Forced Marriage Act

77) Judgments about sexually explicit material tend to be relative.

78) Femme porn caters to a gay male audience.

79) Many "mainstream" sexually explicit videos target a male, heterosexual audience and portray stereotypes of male sexuality.

80) The availability of in-home media such as sexually explicit videos and downloadable films on the Internet has had a profound effect on who views erotic films.

81) In many sexually explicit videos, the women actors, in contrast to the men actors, were more likely to be instrumentalized.

82) People who read or view sexually explicit material usually recognize it as fantasy.

83) Possession of child pornography images is a crime.

84) Child pornography is within the zone of protected free speech.

85) Most heterosexual-oriented sexually explicit films represent the unique individuality of sexual expression and how women experience erotic fulfillment.

86) In 2009, the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) ended as the U.S. Supreme Court turned away the government's final attempt to revive the law.

87) Most male sex workers are introduced into prostitution through the influence of pimps.

88) The most common sexual activity performed by streetwalkers is vaginal intercourse.

89) The major difference between brothels and massage parlors is that brothels present themselves as places specifically dedicated to provide sexual services, whereas some massage parlors try to disguise their intent.

90) Most massage parlors that provide sexual services offer only massage and masturbation.

91) Call girls have the highest status among sex workers and experience less social stigma than other sex workers.

92) A gigolo is a heterosexual male sex worker who provides sexual services for women in exchange for money.

93) The 5–4 ruling of United States v. Edith Windsor made the federal government to legally derecognize married gay men and lesbian women.

94) What is the difference between erotica and pornography?

95) Describe what is meant by femme porn.

96) What are the characteristics of children who are involved in child pornography?

97) What does the term "obscenity" mean?

98) What are some of the factors that lead women to become sex workers?

99) Are brothels legal anywhere in the United States?

100) What is the feminist attitude toward sexually explicit material?

101) Why have obscenity laws proven to be so problematic? Summarize the principles that have been applied to define obscenity in American history.

102) Identify the different forms of female prostitution.

103) Summarize what is currently known about male sex workers (MSWs).

104) Describe the relationship between prostitution and the current HIV epidemic.