Ch17 Test Bank Sexual Coercion Harassment, Aggression, And

Human Sexuality, 10e (Yarber)

Chapter 17 Sexual Coercion: Harassment, Aggression, and Abuse

1) Sexual harassment refers to two types of behavior, the abuse of power and

A) the creation of a hostile environment.

B) seduction.

C) the making of pornographic films.

D) requests for sexual favors as a condition of employment.

2) A team of male workers traditionally welcome the new members of their group by a night of drinking at an "adult" club. They insist their newest female team member do the same. This behavior may be considered sexual harassment because

A) of the unwelcome sexual advances.

B) they are making sexual favors a condition of employment.

C) they are creating a hostile environment.

D) it is physical conduct that is illegal in nature.

3) Which of the following is most likely to be classified as sexual harassment?

A) Roger, a retail store manager, keeps a close eye on the activities of his employees on social networking sites.

B) Larry, a store owner, makes remarks about the body type of his female employees.

C) Justin, the CEO of Write Well Inc., compliments his employees for keeping themselves fit.

D) Paul, a senior manager, engages in long, casual conversations with his female colleagues.

4) Which of the following is often the dominant element in sexual harassment?

A) power

B) hostility

C) sex

D) passion

5) A type of harassment that may not be explicitly sexual, per se, is

A) engaging in unwelcome touching or patting.

B) brushing against a person's body.

C) stalking a person.

D) leering at a person's body.

6) In the context of differing cultural expectations, when a Latino expresses appreciation for a Latina's physical beauty, she is likely to

A) feel uncomfortable and adversarial.

B) receive it as a compliment.

C) think he is being rude.

D) stop and talk with him about why it's not acceptable.

7) Why might a professor asking a student for a date be considered harassment?

A) The professor is older and more educated than the student.

B) The professor's power over the student through grading limits the student's ability to accept or refuse freely.

C) The student can spread false rumors about the professor and ruin his or her reputation among colleagues.

D) The student can gain power over other students because of his or her special relationship with the professor.

8)  Which of the following is a case of street harassment?

A) Ashley makes a loud announcement about the launch of a new product on a street.

B) Halle requests phone numbers of shoppers to provide them with better deals.

C) Freddie rubs himself against the shoppers when passing through a busy street.

D) Gary distributes his visiting card to the shoppers on a busy street.

9) According to a 2011 nationally representative survey of sexual harassment among 1,965 students in grades 7–12, most of the sexual harassment incidents were

A) verbal harassment.

B) physical assaults.

C) over social networking sites.

D) stalking incidents.

10) According to a 2011 nationally representative survey of sexual harassment among 1,965 students in grades 7–12, what fraction of elementary students who were sexually harassed said they did nothing afterward in response to the incident?

A) one third

B) one half

C) two thirds

D) three quarters

11) According to a 2011 nationally representative survey of sexual harassment among 1,965 students in grades 7–12, what motivation do groups of middle and secondary school boys have for engaging in sexual harassment of girls?

A) strengthening their status within their groups

B) desire to put down girls

C) expression of animosity toward females

D) malicious intentions toward fellow schoolmates

12) Many colleges have developed sexual harassment policies restricting professor-student relationships because of the fundamental principle that

A) women students are inappropriately approached by male professors.

B) the majority of professors are male.

C) these types of relationships cannot be truly consensual.

D) students often try to manipulate these relationships to their advantage.

13) Which of the following occupational fields has traditionally been resistant to the presence of women?

A) academic services

B) corporate organizations

C) health care services

D) the military

14) Which of the following is true about street harassment?

A) It occurs seldom and is not highly consequential.

B) It includes only sexual acts that involve touching.

C) It makes legal recourse difficult because the attacker is a stranger.

D) It is the same as sexual harassment in school and the workplace.

15) Which of the following is an independent think tank focusing on expediting equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people?

A) The American Action Forum

B) The Constitution Project

C) The Project for the New American Century

D) The Movement Advancement Project

16) According to the Stop Street Harassment national study, which of the following tops the list of the kinds of street harassments reported by women?

A) flashing

B) sexual touching

C) stalking

D) verbal harassment

17) Heterosexism is demonstrated when a person

A) talks about his or her gay sibling in a positive light.

B) talks as if gay, lesbian, and bisexual people do not exist.

C) declares that gay people are special creations of God.

D) confides that she is afraid of his or her own sexual feelings for women.

18) An urban police force hires several gay and lesbian officers and wants to assign them to patrol only those parts of the city known to have substantial numbers of gay and lesbian residents. What aspect of heterosexism do such policies represent?

A) excluding gay men and lesbian women

B) segregating lesbian women and gay men

C) submerging lesbian women and gay men

D) queer-bashing homosexual individuals

19) A strong dislike, fear, or hatred of gay, lesbian, and bisexual people because of their sexual orientation is called

A) heterophobia.

B) heterosexism.

C) sexual aggression.

D) anti-gay prejudice.

20) An irrational or phobic fear of gay men and lesbians is known as

A) heterophobia.

B) heterosexism.

C) homophobia.

D) sexual aggression.

21) Which of the following is true about anti-gay prejudice or homophobia?

A) Anti-gay feelings are likely to be within the norms of a biased culture.

B) Homophobia includes the religious beliefs of transgenders.

C) Homophobia is part of the process of becoming a homosexual.

D) Anti-gay feelings include those anti-gay prejudices that are sexual in nature.

22) The concept of homophobia is distinct from anti-gay prejudice in that the former

A) means legal discrimination in addition to prejudice.

B) means prejudice, but the second term means unreasonable personal reactions to lesbians and gay men.

C) means irrational fear of lesbians and gay men, not just prejudice.

D) describes rights and protections sought by gay men and lesbians, whereas the second term refers to the dislike of gay men and lesbians.

23) In the context of sexual harassment, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that

A) a woman cannot file a legal case against a co-worker for creating a hostile work environment as it is not illegal.

B) a man can file a legal action against a man in the event of sexual harassment.

C) a woman can file a legal action against a man only if there has been forced vaginal intercourse.

D) a man cannot file for a legal action against a man unless he is an openly gay male.

24) During the Middle Ages, gay men

A) had higher status than heterosexual men.

B) were banished from their place of stay.

C) were burned at the stake as heretics.

D) had a sacred role to play in society.

25) The National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP), a national advocacy for local LGBTQ communities, received 1,036 reports of incidents of hate violence in 2016 from 12 anti-violence organizations throughout the United States. Of the survivors, the majority identified as gay, below the age of 39, and people of color, and the most frequently reported hate violence episodes were

A) threats of intimidation.

B) sexual violence.

C) physical violence.

D) verbal harassment.

26) Which of the following is true about the U.S. military's former "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy?

A) It banned openly gay service members.

B) It discharged only bisexual men from service, not women.

C) It promoted the upliftment of sexual minorities who were in the military service.

D) It led to the formation of a gay-friendly military policy.

27) Brad works with the U.S. military services. He identifies himself more with homosexuality than heterosexuality. Under the U.S. military's former "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" (DADT) policy, which of the following is most likely to happen to Brad because of his sexual orientation?

A) He can get discharged if he is accused of being homosexual.

B) He can get discharged if he does not discuss his sexual orientation at work.

C) He is not likely to be discharged because under this policy, the military is accommodative of homosexual individuals.

D) He is not likely to be discharged because under this policy, the military is prohibited from discharging gay men and lesbian women.

28) Which of the following is a reason for the actual prevalence rates of rape remaining unknown in the United States?

A) a lack of reporting of crimes by survivors

B) a lack of efficient data collection methods

C) the low importance given to the cases of rape

D) the low media coverage given to rape incidents

29) Which of the following would be considered as statutory rape?

A) Barry sexually assaults his 20-year-old cousin.

B) Alan has sex with his 14-year-old girlfriend after taking her consent.

C) Sam has sex with another male colleague at his workplace.

D) Pablo offers his female subordinates better ratings in return for sex.

30) Which of the following is false about violence against homosexual individuals?

A) Violence against homosexuals had been sanctioned by religious institutions.

B) Homosexuals were called "sodomites" in the sixteenth century and were condemned to death by burning.

C) Homosexuals were among the first victims of the Nazis.

D) Violence against homosexuals is a fairly recent phenomenon, with violence escalating over the past century.

31) One of the most significant legal advances in gay rights was the

A) passing of the Defense of Marriage Amendment.

B) lifting of the U.S. military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy.

C) formation of gay and lesbian associations in all countries.

D) allocation of improved social status to homosexuals.

32) According to the 2015 National School Climate Survey of middle and high school students, which of the following statements is true about the lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenders, and queer (LGBTQ) students?

A) Most of the LGBTQ students felt safe at school because of their sexual orientation.

B) Most of the LGBTQ students felt safe at school because of their gender expression.

C) More than half of the LGBTQ students were physically assaulted.

D) More than half of the LGBTQ students were sexually harassed.

33) In the 1970s, feminists challenged the belief that rape

A) is an act of aggression directed against women.

B) revolves around the principal motive of power.

C) equally involves acts of sexual violence against men.

D) is a form of harmful sexual disorder.

34) Which of the following is a warning sign that a child has been sexually abused?

A) William, a 7-year-old, spends most of his time playing indoors rather than outdoors.

B) Raj, a 6-year-old, starts spending more time with his siblings rather than with his school friends.

C) Celine, an 8-year-old, becomes less talkative than before and shrinks away from physical contact.

D) Irene, a 9-year-old, starts to face difficulty in learning new languages and receives poor grades in language tests.

35) Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce the risk of stranger rape?

A) Take self-defense training.

B) Turn and face a person who approaches in a threatening manner.

C) Avoid dark and isolated areas.

D) Avoid opening doors to strangers.

36) Which of the following illustrates acquaintance rape?

A) Debby gets raped by an unknown person in a dark alley.

B) Nick rapes his colleague Martha in the conference room after office hours.

C) Tim forces himself on his wife even on days when she is tired and unwilling.

D) Taylor, a 10-year-old girl, gets raped after giving consent to her uncle.

37) Which one of the following is known as a "rape drug"?

A) Rohypnol

B) Rogaine

C) Reserpine

D) Roflex

38) Which one of the following is NOT a date rape drug?

A) ecstasy

B) alcohol

C) ketamine

D) None of the answers are correct.

39) One important factor that often confuses negotiations about sexual activity between men and women is that

A) sexual scripts seldom contain direct verbal consent for sex.

B) it is considered unfeminine to refuse male requests or demands in any type of interaction.

C) women gain power by keeping their sexual expressions to the bare minimum.

D) it is considered that men have no experience interpreting nonverbal cues from anyone, regardless of their gender.

40) Adrian, a 20-year-old college student, wants to befriend his classmate Julia. They finally become friends after a year. During a house party, he gets intoxicated and tries to initiate sexual contact with Julia only to be stopped and rebuked by her. Even though Julia refuses, Adrian forces himself upon her and assaults her. Which of the following is true based on the situation in the scenario?

A) The affirmative consent standard was not followed.

B) Adrian cannot be held responsible for his actions because he was intoxicated at the time of the incident.

C) The incident is an example of stranger rape or date rape.

D) Adrian cannot be held responsible for his actions as Julia had willingly befriended him.

41) Which of the following statements is true about confusion over sexual consent?

A) Consent is assumed until nonconsent is actively communicated.

B) Most women say "yes" when they mean "no."

C) Consent is independent of behavioral interpretations.

D) Women make their boundaries very clear but men do not.

42) Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a man who is likely to rape?

A) He displays hostility toward women.

B) He has a low level of sexual activity.

C) He has an antisocial orientation.

D) He believes in rape-supportive myths.

43) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sexually coercive men?

A) Hostility toward women

B) High levels of sexual activity

C) Progressive views on women and their roles

D) Acceptance of general physical violence

44) Researcher Cindy Struckman-Johnson and her colleagues investigated college students' pursuit of sexual contact with a person after he or she had refused an initial advance. They found that

A) postrefusal sexual persistence tactics were used by only those students who had been subject to such tactics themselves.

B) postrefusal sexual persistence was common only among students under the age of 14.

C) more men than women had reported being subjected to postrefusal sexual persistence tactics.

D) nearly 70% of the students had been subjected to at least one tactic of postrefusal sexual persistence since the age of 16.

45) Which of the following is true about affirmative consent?

A) It can be withdrawn only at the beginning of a sexual activity and not later.

B) It considers lack of resistance or protest as consent.

C) It need not be spoken.

D) It involves the traditional "no means no" standard.

46) Yudy tries to initiate sexual contact with Jenny in all ways possible in spite of her repeatedly turning him down. He lies to her often and tries to get her to be in his company. On one occasion, he gets her drunk so as to be able to make sexual contact with her. Which of the following is exhibited by Yudy in this scenario?

A) sexual dysfunction

B) postrefusal sexual persistence

C) affirmative consent

D) sexual noncoerciveness

47) Which item best summarizes the attitude of most people toward marital rape?

A) They view it as a deep betrayal of the marital bond and as deserving of severe penalties.

B) They view it with the same severity as sadistic rapes that need to be reported to the police when they come across.

C) They minimize and distort it as a "marital tiff" and not a real rape.

D) They believe that a husband has absolute rights to have sex with his wife anytime he wishes, regardless of her needs.

48) Which of the following illustrates statutory rape?

A) 15-year-old Maya, who has sexual contact with her older relative upon consent

B) Kyra, who is raped by a group of unknown men on her way back from work

C) 35-year-old Priya, who has sexual contact with her colleague at her workplace

D) Laila, who is raped by her friend on their second date at her place

49) In order for a sexual act to be termed statutory rape, a person’s age of consent

A) varies with the age of the offender.

B) is below 13 years.

C) is below 14 years.

D) varies with every state's law.

50) The key factor in determining whether a statutory rape has occurred is

A) the consent of the child or adolescent.

B) whether the two people knew each other before.

C) the nature of the relationship between the people involved.

D) the age of the young victim.

51) Most sexual assaults against males are by

A) heterosexual women.

B) other men.

C) lesbian women.

D) transgender people.

52) A person close to a rape survivor should do all of the following EXCEPT

A) ask before touching.

B) believe the survivor.

C) help the survivor reach out to a friend, family member, or counselor.

D) try not to talk about the rape, even if the survivor is willing.

53) After a sexual assault, Nancy is usually depressed and anxious. She feels restless and blames herself for going for an early morning jog all alone. She also feels guilty and blames herself for being attractive. These symptoms are typical of

A) homophobia.

B) rape trauma syndrome.

C) broken heart syndrome.

D) heterophobia.

54) The two phases of rape trauma syndrome are the acute phase and the

A) decompensation phase.

B) reorganization phase.

C) stress phase.

D) blame phase.

55) Which of the following does NOT describe an effect a rape has on a person's sexuality?

A) diminished sexual desire

B) fear of sex

C) temporarily refraining from sexual activity

D) a tendency to engage in paraphilic behavior

56) Child sexual abuse is normally categorized according to

A) the degree of coercion.

B) the degree of consent from the child.

C) family relationships.

D) the age of the child.

57) Which of the following is referred to as incest?

A) extrafamilial child sexual abuse

B) stranger rape

C) intrafamilial child sexual abuse

D) marital rape

58) Pedophilic disorder is motivated by an adult's

A) desire for power over a child.

B) sexual attraction to a child.

C) overt affection for a child.

D) sadistic tendencies toward children.

59) Child sexual abuse that does not meet the criteria for pedophilic disorder refers to

A) adult-child sexual interactions that are not motivated by a sexual desire for children.

B) adult-child sexual interactions that are based on a general sexual attraction toward children.

C) sexual interaction between children and young adults.

D) sexual interaction with young adolescents.

60) Which of the following refers to the form of child sexual abuse that is between two biologically unrelated people?

A) intrafamilial child sexual abuse

B) acquaintance rape

C) non-pedophilic abuse

D) extrafamilial child sexual abuse

61) Sexual abuse by biologically related people is referred to as

A) extrafamilial sexual intercourse.

B) incest.

C) acquaintance rape.

D) marital rape.

62) The nonprofit organization Darkness to Light (2015) compiled research on the prevalence and other aspects of child sexual abuse and reported that

A) 60% of child sexual abuse victims never tell anyone.

B) about 35% of victims are 8 years old or younger.

C) boys are more likely to be child sexual abuse victims than girls.

D) less than 2% of children will be sexually abused by their 18th birthday.

63) Which of the following is true about child sexual abuse?

A) It includes acts such as encouraging a child to witness sexual behaviors.

B) It is limited to acts of vaginal or anal penetration.

C) It excludes sexual touching between children with an age gap of 5 or more years.

D) It includes acts of discrimination among children by parents.

64) Which of the following is NOT a sexual disturbance that may be present in children who have been sexually abused?

A) open masturbation

B) sexual preoccupation

C) exposure of the genitals

D) None of the answers are correct.

65) The symptom that is most frequently reported by adults who were sexually abused as children is

A) revictimization.

B) depression.

C) a negative self-concept.

D) difficulty in sleeping.

66) People who have experienced childhood sexual abuse with penetration were more likely to report all of the following EXCEPT

A) more lifetime sexual partners.

B) a higher likelihood of being homosexual.

C) more cases of sexually transmitted infection (STI).

D) having engaged in sex trading.

67) Maria, mother of 10-year-old twins, is an active member of child sexual abuse prevention programs. She wants to reiterate the learnings of the programs at her home. Which of the following should she do to prevent her children from sexual abuse?

A) She should tell her children that they would be punished if they do not stop someone from touching them.

B) She should teach her children the difference between "good" and "bad" touching.

C) She should restrict her children from playing with children who are older than them.

D) She should reprimand her children for saying "no" if it results in an uncomfortable situation for them.

68) Adults who are sexually abused are NOT likely to

A) have self-destructive tendencies.

B) feel negatively toward themselves.

C) be a rape victim or a victim of violence.

D) change his or her sexual orientation because of the abuse.

69) Child abuse prevention programs teach children all of the following EXCEPT

A) telling them it is their fault if abuse occurs.

B) saying "no" to inappropriate touching.

C) getting away from an assailant or a threatening situation.

D) telling a trusted adult of an encounter with a threatening or abusive adult.

70) Child abuse prevention (CAP) programs typically address three audiences, which are

A) children, women, and homosexuals.

B) legal professionals, police, and media.

C) children, parents, and professionals.

D) children, abusers, and the police.

71) Megan's Law calls for schools, daycare centers, and youth groups to

A) be notified about moderate-risk sex offenders in the community.

B) screen prospective employees for past sexual offenses.

C) develop programs for sexual abuse education and child abuse prevention.

D) have an adult female be present with children when they are attending any organized program.

72) Sexual harassment solely refers to a behavior that involves abuse of power.

73) The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission considers both verbal and physical acts to be sexual harassment.

74) Victims of sexual harassment are always female.

75) Most workers feel romantic relationships between supervisors and subordinates at work increase work productivity.

76) Date rape and acquaintance rape are the same thing.

77) Rape is a crime of passion.

78) In the context of Midwestern U.S. college men and women, women were more likely than men to indicate consent via verbal cues and a combination of both verbal and nonverbal cues.

79) All states in the United States have laws covering sexual orientation and gender identity.

80) Most rapes of men are by other men.

81) Among middle and secondary school students, sexual harassment occurs most often when boys are in groups and their motives may be designed to heighten their group status by denigrating girls.

82) When women enter traditionally male occupations, they are usually treated with respect and protectiveness.

83) Heterosexism is an intense and irrational fear of gay men and lesbians.

84) The principle motive for sexual assault is power, not sexual gratification.

85) The prevalence of false rape accusations is very high.

86) Men who rape have an inability to control their sexual urges.

87) Most rapists and their victims are members of the same racial or ethnic group.

88) Rohypnol is a synthetically derived aphrodisiac that excites a person to sexual arousal and is approved for medical use in the United States.

89) Sexual scripts often assume "yes" unless a "no" is directly stated.

90) The enforcement of statutory rape laws is generally sporadic or arbitrary.

91) Marital rape is defined as unwanted sexual behaviors by a spouse or ex-spouse committed without consent, against a person’s will, and done by force, intimidation, or when a person is not able to consent.

92) The most frequent long-term effect seen in adult survivors of child sexual abuse is anxiety.

93) Women who experience sexual abuse as children are more susceptible to becoming victims of rape and violent marriages.

94) Megan's Law requires law enforcement authorities to go door-to-door to inform citizens when a high-risk sexual offender has moved into the neighborhood.

95) Define sexual harassment.

96) What three factors turn flirtation into sexual harassment?

97) Describe the gender differences that may contribute to sexual harassment.

98) Identify five of the most common myths about rape.

99) What are the guidelines to reduce the risk of stranger rape?

100) Sexual harassment on college and university campuses has become a major concern. Briefly describe this form of harassment.

101) According to the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network (RAINN), what should a "bystander" do as part of his or her role in preventing sexual assault?

102) Dr. Langer is creating a child sexual abuse prevention program in your community. If he were to model it after the child abuse prevention (CAP) program, what features would it have?