Ch17 Complete Test Bank Nutrition During The Growing Years

Perspectives in Nutrition, A Functional Approach, 2e (Byrd)

Chapter 17 Nutrition during the Growing Years

1) During the first year of life, the infant increases in length by ________% over what it was at birth.

A) 20

B) 33

C) 50

D) 100

2) According to present-day growth charts, the average infant will double its birth weight at about ________ months of age and will triple its birth weight at about ________ months.

A) 4 to 6; 12

B) 2 to 3; 6

C) 10; 12 to 18

D) 12; 18

3) An infant's birth weight generally ________ during the first year of life.

A) increases very little

B) doubles

C) triples

D) quadruples

4) When adolescence ends, females generally have ________ as much lean body mass as males.

A) one-third

B) half

C) two-thirds

D) four-fifths

5) When adolescence ends, males generally have ________ as much body fat as females.

A) one-third

B) half

C) two-thirds

D) four-fifths

6) Throughout the adolescent years, both males and females gain about ____% of their adult height.

A) 5

B) 15

C) 25

D) 35

7) When adolescence ends, on average both males and females weigh ________% more than when they entered this life stage.

A) 10 to 25

B) 25 to 45

C) 45 to 85

D) 75 to 105

8) By the age of about ________ years, body water levels are similar to those of adults.

A) 2 to 3

B) 5 to 6

C) 8 to 9

D) 11 to 13

9) Changes in height and weight in children are used to indicate ________.

A) the effectiveness of the caregiver

B) long-term effects of nutrition

C) energy intake

D) the child's genetic potential for development

10) Over time, measurements of height, weight, and head circumference ________.

A) are used to assess an infant's growth and development

B) are used to compare an infant's growth to others of the same age and gender

C) are used by pediatricians to look for health problems

D) All of these choices are accurate.

11) A child is diagnosed as obese when ________.

A) BMI-for-age reaches the 85th percentile

B) stature-for-age reaches the 95th percentile

C) BMI-for-age reaches the 95th percentile

D) weight-for-age reaches the 90th percentile

12) A child is considered underweight when ________.

A) BMI-for-age drops below the 25th percentile

B) weight-for-age drops below the 10th percentile

C) BMI-for-age drops below the 5th percentile

D) stature-for-age drops below the 25th percentile and weight-for-age drops below the 10th percentile

13) Which is a good indicator of long-term (versus recent) nutritional status?

A) Stature-for-age

B) BMI-for-age

C) Head circumference-for-age

D) All of these are good indicators of recent nutritional status.

14) Infants and children who do not grow at the expected rate for several months are more than likely experiencing ________.

A) epiphyseal growth

B) failure to thrive

C) physical depression

D) poor socialization

15) Which is true about growth in height?

A) It cannot occur after the epiphyses fuse.

B) It cannot occur before the epiphyses fuse.

C) The epiphyses are not related to growth in height.

16) Growth plates at the end of long bones are called ________.

A) calcification

B) osteoporosis

C) rickets

D) epiphyses

17) What could cause failure to thrive in an infant?

A) physical problems

B) poor infant-parent interactions

C) inborn errors of metabolism

D) All of these choices are correct.

E) None of these choices are correct.

18) Except for pregnancy and lactation, the total quantities of nutrients and calories needed during ________ are greater than any other stage of the life cycle.

A) infancy

B) childhood

C) adolescence

D) All of these responses are correct.

19) Newborns need about ________ calories per pound of body weight each day.

A) 10

B) 25

C) 50

D) 100

20) Total calorie needs peak for females at about age ________.

A) 3 to 4 years

B) 6 to 7 years

C) 11 to 13 years

D) 15 to 16 years

21) The high metabolic rate of infants results from ________.

A) the large surface area of the infant's body

B) the calories needed to digest food

C) the physical activity of the infant

D) All of these choices are accurate.

22) The protein needs of an infant are about ________ as much per pound of body weight as adults'.

A) one-fourth

B) half

C) twice

D) three times

23) In developing countries, inadequate intake of ________ is a primary contributor to stunted growth, childhood illness, and death.

A) carbohydrate

B) protein

C) fat

D) vitamin A

24) What percent of calories should total fat make up in an infant's diet?

A) 20% or less

B) 20% to 30%

C) 40% to 55%

D) 50% to 75%

25) The primary carbohydrate in the diet of most infants is ________.

A) sucrose

B) glucose

C) lactose

D) maltose

26) High-protein diets are not good for infants ________.

A) unless they are highly digestible proteins

B) because they are hypoallergenic

C) because the infant's kidneys cannot clear large amounts of urea every day

D) All of these choices are accurate.

27) About how much protein should an 18-pound (i.e., 8.2 kg), 10-month-old baby consume each day?

A) 8 grams

B) 24 grams

C) 12 grams

D) 32 grams

28) About how much protein should a 24-pound (i.e., 11.0 kg), 2-year-old be consuming each day?

A) 12 grams

B) 28 grams

C) 38 grams

D) 50 grams

29) Why do infants have a greater need for water than older humans?

A) Infants have a high body surface area.

B) Infants have a greater proportion of body water.

C) Infants' kidneys are not as efficient.

D) All of these responses are correct.

E) None of these responses are correct.

30) When is an infant likely to need supplemental water?

A) when the infant has a fever

B) when the infant has diarrhea

C) when the weather is hot

D) All of these choices are correct.

E) None of these choices are correct; an infant never needs supplemental water.

31) An infant may suffer from water intoxication when ________.

A) overfed water instead of formula

B) the weather is hot

C) infant formula powder is underdiluted

D) the infant has a fever

32) Infant iron stores are typically exhausted by ________ of age and need to be replaced by their diet.

A) 0 to 2 months

B) 4 to 6 months

C) 7 to 8 months

D) 10 to 12 months

33) Why are adolescents at risk for iron deficiency anemia?

A) Blood volume is expanding.

B) Menstruation begins in females.

C) Lean body mass increases in males.

D) All of these choices are accurate.

34) Fluoride supplements should generally be given to ________.

A) breastfed infants beginning at 1 month old

B) infants after 6 months of age if the home's water supply is not fluoridated

C) all children until they begin using fluoride-containing toothpaste

D) None of these choices are accurate.

35) Which infants have special vitamin needs?

A) Infants at birth need vitamin K.

B) Breastfed infants may need iron supplements.

C) Breastfed infants whose mothers are vegans generally need vitamin B-12 supplements.

D) All of these choices are accurate.

36) It is best to avoid serving cow's milk until the infant reaches the age of ________.

A) 6 months

B) 10 months

C) 12 months

D) 18 months

37) With the possible exception(s) of ________, human milk provides sufficient amounts of all the nutrients needed during the first 6 months of life.

A) vitamin D

B) iron

C) fluoride

D) All of these choices are accurate.

E) None of these choices are accurate.

38) Which protein in human milk increases iron absorption?

A) casein

B) lactalbumin

C) lactoferrin

D) bifidus factor

39) Compared to foremilk, hind milk has ________.

A) more fat

B) more protein

C) fewer calories

D) All of these choices are correct.

40) Which is NOT true about the fat in human milk?

A) The type of fatty acids in human milk depends on the mother's diet.

B) The fats in human milk are provided by the mother's diet and are synthesized in the breast.

C) Human milk is low in cholesterol and linoleic acid.

D) Human milk contains omega-3 fatty acids to support brain and eye development.

41) If human milk or infant formula is not available, ________ can provide a safe, nutritious alternative for infants.

A) sweetened condensed milk

B) soy drinks

C) evaporated milk

D) All of these are healthy alternatives to human milk or infant formula.

E) None of these are healthy alternatives to human milk or infant formula.

42) Why is cow's milk not recommended for infants?

A) Its calcium content is too low.

B) Its vitamin E content is too high.

C) Its protein content is too high.

D) Its vitamin C content is too high.

E) All of these responses are accurate.

43) An advantage to infants of being breastfed is ________.

A) reduced risk for food allergies

B) enhanced visual acuity and learning ability

C) reduced risk for crooked teeth

D) reduced risk for diarrhea

E) All of these are advantages of breastfeeding for the infant.

44) What are signs that an infant has had enough to eat?

A) becoming playful

B) falling asleep

C) turning head away or not paying attention

D) All of these choices are accurate.

45) How can you tell a breastfed infant is receiving adequate nourishment?

A) The infant has 6 or more wet diapers daily.

B) Weight gain is normal according to growth charts.

C) The infant has 1 to 2 bowel movements daily that look like lumpy mustard.

D) All of these answers are correct.

46) A baby should generally be burped ________.

A) every 2 to 3 minutes during feeding

B) after giving 1 to 2 ounces of formula

C) at the beginning of the feeding

D) when the baby begins to spit up a bit of milk

47) The time to introduce solid foods to an infant's diet depends on his or her ________.

A) nutritional needs

B) physiological capabilities

C) physical abilities

D) All of these responses are correct.

48) Which is NOT a sign that an infant may be ready for solid foods?

A) The infant can sit alone with support.

B) The extrusion reflex is strong.

C) The infant can make a chewing motion.

D) The infant demands to be fed 8 to 10 times daily.

49) Introducing solid foods to an infant's diet before the infant needs them can ________.

A) potentially strain the young infant's organs

B) help the child sleep through the night

C) help the child walk at a younger age

D) help the child achieve optimal height

50) By age 1 year, the calories provided from human milk or formula should be ________ the calories provided by solid food.

A) twice as high as

B) equal to

C) half as many as

D) one-third as high as

51) The first solid food usually introduced to the infant's diet is ________.

A) cow's milk

B) strained fruits

C) pureed meats

D) iron-fortified infant cereals

52) When a new food is introduced, the amount that should be served is about ________.

A) 1 teaspoon

B) 2 tablespoons

C) 1/4 cup

D) 1/3 cup

53) When serving a food for the first time to an infant, ________.

A) the food should be a single-ingredient (not mixed) food item

B) wait several days before serving another new food

C) expect the baby to eat only a few bites

D) All of these responses are correct.

54) Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants?

A) rice

B) wheat

C) barley

D) oats

55) When are many babies ready for finger foods?

A) 1 month of age

B) 3 months of age

C) 6 months of age

D) 9 months of age

56) What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for the child to drink at bedtime?

A) There is nothing wrong with this practice. It helps the child grow developmentally.

B) Sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow, acids are produced from sugar, and acids dissolve tooth enamel.

C) It is best for an infant to be held when drinking from a bottle for the sense of security that it provides.

D) Often, the contents of the bottle spoil, which can lead to gastrointestinal upsets.

57) It is recommended that honey not be given to infants because it ________.

A) is high in energy

B) may contain Salmonella

C) may contain Clostridium botulinum spores

D) is too sweet

58) For normal-weight children, reduced-fat milk is recommended to be introduced into a child's diet ________.

A) after 5 years of age

B) after 4 years of age

C) after 2 years of age

D) after 6 months of age

59) Which food on this list is NOT appropriate for an infant less than one year old?

A) egg yolk

B) honey

C) orange juice

D) cooked and strained vegetables

60) Which of these foods pose a choking hazard for infants and children?

A) popcorn

B) peanut butter

C) nuts

D) grapes

E) All of these foods pose choking hazards.

61) A child who exhibits signs of ________ may be suffering from undernutrition.

A) fatigue

B) increased susceptibility to infection

C) underweight

D) All of these are signs of undernutrition.

62) An appropriate serving size of carrots for a 3-year-old is approximately ________.

A) 3 teaspoons

B) 3 tablespoons

C) 1/3 cup

D) 2/3 cup

63) Which foods are typically NOT likely to appeal to preschool children?

A) thick beef stew

B) creamy tuna casserole

C) spicy chicken

D) All of these choices are correct.

64) To help children develop good nutritional habits, ________.

A) limit the number of new foods they are offered

B) let children make some choices about the food they eat

C) serve new foods at the end of the meal when the child is not hungry

D) be certain children finish all the food they are served

65) The preschool years are typically characterized by ________.

A) a slower growth rate

B) a decreased appetite

C) changes in eating behavior

D) All of these choices are accurate.

66) What do preschool typically children like to eat?

A) familiar foods

B) foods served at comfortable temperatures

C) mild flavors

D) crisp-textured foods

E) All of these choices are accurate.

67) To get a child to try a new food, ________.

A) offer food rewards, such as a favorite dessert

B) add sugar or butter to the food

C) employ the "one bite" rule

D) All of these choices are accurate.

68) Which is NOT a common mealtime challenge with preschoolers?

A) picky eating

B) food jags

C) refusing to eat

D) pica

69) Which food-related behaviors can negatively affect the quality of adolescents' diets?

A) meal skipping

B) snacking

C) eating out

D) All of these choices are correct.

70) What is a typical nutritional problem of adolescent girls?

A) Not drinking milk

B) Iron deficiency anemia

C) Frequent dieting

D) All of these choices are correct.

71) Constipation in many children is often caused by:

A) drinking too much water

B) drinking too much milk

C) eating too many snacks

D) All of these choices are correct.

72) A typical sign of dehydration in an infant is ________.

A) no or few tears when crying

B) severe drooling

C) ear aches

D) All of these are signs of dehydration.

73) A baby that sleeps with a bottle filled with formula has an increased risk for ________.

A) ear infections

B) diarrhea

C) allergies

D) colic

74) What factor(s) contributes to childhood obesity?

A) Increased levels of "screen time"

B) Genetics

C) High-fat, high-energy snacks

D) Little physical activity

E) All of these choices are correct.

75) What is the recommended treatment for childhood obesity?

A) Increase physical activity.

B) Decrease intake of high-fat, high-energy foods.

C) Modify problem behaviors, such as snacking while watching TV.

D) All of these choices are correct.

76) Iron deficiency anemia is most likely to occur ________.

A) between birth and age 3 months

B) between the ages of 12 and 24 months

C) between the ages of 3 to 5 years

D) after the child starts school

77) Instead of a double cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant for lunch, the hungry adolescent could make a healthier choice by choosing ________ instead.

A) french fries and fruit juice

B) a hot dog and cola

C) a grilled chicken sandwich with lettuce and tomato

D) fried chicken and creamy potato salad

E) None of these choices are correct.

78) Menarche is ________.

A) cell division

B) cell growth

C) the onset of menses

D) the excretion of lipids, waxes, and triglycerides

E) excessive restlessness

79) One-third of all growth in a lifetime occurs during adolescence.

80) Per pound of body weight, nutrient needs during adolescence are higher than during any other stage of the lifecycle.

81) Adolescence begins with the onset of puberty.

82) The growth percentile curve a child follows depends ONLY on his/her genetic potential.

83) "Catch up" growth is possible after the epiphyses have closed.

84) More amino acids are considered essential for adults than for infants.

85) Teens in the U.S. tend to consume far more calcium than needed.

86) In the U.S., infant formula standards are set to match the nutrient composition of human milk as closely as possible.

87) Breastfed infants have a reduced risk of obesity and ear infections, as compared to formula-fed infants.

88) Infant formula should be prepared with cold water.

89) Infant formulas can be heated safely in the microwave oven.

90) Adding too much water to infant formula can be dangerous to the infant.

91) An infant's nutrient stores are exhausted by the time the infant has gained 3 pounds.

92) Bribing children to eat a new food is a good way to help them discover new foods.

93) To help children keep their weight under control, they should receive no more than 3 meals daily.

94) Serving new foods in a calm, supportive setting can help children to accept new foods.

95) The physical changes of adolescence can cause teens to be dissatisfied with their bodies.

96) Substance use can negatively affect teenagers' diets.

97) Babies with colic should not be breastfed.

98) In children, gastroesophageal reflux is most common after age 2 years.

99) Milk allergies seldom last beyond 3 years of age.

100) Acne is strongly linked with intake of fatty foods like pizza and chocolate.

101) A female who becomes pregnant within 2 years of menarche is at a higher nutritional risk than one who becomes pregnant later.

102) Children should be screened for elevated blood cholesterol if their families have histories of early development of heart disease.

103) Why should leftover formula always be discarded?

104) Leftover infant formula should always be discarded because it is contaminated by bacteria and enzymes from the baby.

105) Children with autism frequently have unusual eating behaviors. 

106) Children with autism often have reduced sensitivity to food taste, smell, color, and/or texture.

107) Your friend is concerned that her son is gaining too much weight. Before seeking advice from her son's pediatrician, she wants you to give her your opinion because she knows you are taking a nutrition class. You learn from her that her son is 3' 10" and currently weighs 60 lbs. You also remember that he just had his 6th birthday. How would you classify her son after calculating his BMI?

A) underweight

B) normal weight

C) overweight

D) obese

108) List suggested recommendations for lifestyle modifications for an obese 10-year-old child.

109) Describe why young children are at a higher risk for developing iron deficiency anemia. What modifications can be made to help decrease their risk?

110) Explain why infants need more calories per unit of body weight than adults.

111) Discuss specific recommendations for supplements in children, if any.