Ch14 Test Questions & Answers White-Collar Crime, Organized - Essentials of Anatomy Physiology Nursing Practice Set by Pamela J. Schram. DOCX document preview.

Ch14 Test Questions & Answers White-Collar Crime, Organized

Test Bank

Chapter 14: White-Collar Crime, Organized Crime, and Cybercrime

Multiple Choice

1. Who coined the term white-collar crime and is considered the most prominent criminologist of the 20th century?

a. Hirschi

b. Sutherland

c. Clinard and Yeager

d. Lombroso

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The first prominent acknowledgment of “white-collar crime” as an important concept for criminologists to study was presented at the ______.

a. FBI conference in 1940

b. American Sociological Society (ASS) conference in 1939

c. Interpol conference in 1937

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The criteria for white-collar crime can include ______ elements.

a. three

b. two

c. four

d. nine

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. All of the following are terms that are typically used synonymously with white-collar crime EXCEPT ______.

a. suite crime

b. occupational crime

c. upperworld crime

d. street crime

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Corporate crime causes at least ______ times more deaths than do traditional street crimes.

a. two

b. five

c. seven

d. 10

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Although Sutherland did not give a clear definition of white-collar crime, except in a vague footnote, certain conditions apply, such as ______.

a. offenders must be male

b. offenders must be white

c. offenders must be at the top of the socioeconomic status

d. offenders must work in the finance industry

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Deaths and injuries due to corporate crimes ______.

a. have decreased

b. have stayed the same

c. have increased

d. do not occur

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The ______ is generally considered to be one of the most important periods in history in terms of progress, but resulted in an increase in environmental crimes.

a. American Revolution

b. Industrial Revolution

c. World War I

d. World War II

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The EPA estimates that there are about ______ deaths each year in the United States as a direct result of toxic particles emitted from manufacturing plants.

a. 30,000

b. 45,000

c. 60,000

d. 80,000

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. All of the following are considered physical costs of white-collar crime EXCEPT ______.

a. price fixing

b. environmental pollution

c. occupational illnesses

d. falsely prescribed or marketed pharmaceutical drugs

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Physical Costs

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Labor violations include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

a. hiring illegal workers

b. exploiting workers

c. dumping pollution in restricted area

d. keeping unsafe work conditions

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. What is considered one of the oldest prison gangs in the United States?

a. Black Guerilla Family

b. Arian Brotherhood

c. La Nuestra Familia

d. Mexican Mafia

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Gangs

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice found that ______ was the largest source of revenue for organized crime.

a. gambling

b. loan sharking

c. narcotics trafficking

d. money laundering

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The growth of prison gangs has been attributed to the Supreme Court decision of ______, which gave prisoners the right to sue state officials in federal court.

a. Cooper v. Pate

b. United States v. Carey

c. Perez v. Virginia

d. United States v. Stewart

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Gangs

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. All of the following are criminal penalties for Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) violations EXCEPT ______.

a. forfeiture of any interest obtained or maintained in the course of state violations

b. fine of no more than $25,000

c. prison term of no more than 20 years

d. restitution payments of no more than $25,000

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Organized Crime Control Act of 1970

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. The ______ was formed in 1929 and found that organized criminal activity flourished around bootlegging operations.

a. Wickersham Commission

b. Chicago Crime Commission

c. Kefauver Committee

d. President’s Commission on Law Enforcement

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Wickersham Commission

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. ______ are involved in writing programs to protect systems and networks from being illegally and maliciously accessed.

a. Black hat hackers

b. Script kiddies

c. Hacktivists

d. White hat hackers

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hacking

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. All of the following are considered one of the four (4) common categories of users of Internet child pornography EXCEPT ______.

a. individuals who are not impulsive or curious

b. individuals who encourage prevailing or developing sexual interests in children

c. individuals who are involved in child pornography for non-sexual reasons

d. individuals who communicate with other sexual offenders who use child pornography as a broader pattern of offending

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child Pornography

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. ______ refers to stealing a victim’s credit card information and subsequently using the information to purchase items, especially electronics.

a. Carding

b. Dumpster diving

c. Credit card skimming

d. Shoulder surfing

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Identity Theft

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The ______ was charged with three (3) responsibilities that focused on whether organized crime used services of interstate commerce to engage in illegal activities and identifying the persons, firms, or corporations involved in such activities.

a. Wickersham Commission

b. Chicago Crime Commission

c. Kefauver Committee

d. President’s Commission on Law Enforcement

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Kefauver Committee

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. According to a recent study, executive MBA candidates who had experience in the corporate world were significantly more likely than MBA candidates without such experience to ______.

a. disclose an internal memo that contained test results regarding a dangerous drug to the FDA

b. use neutralization techniques to justify marketing and selling a dangerous drug

c. contend that family and friends pressured them into adopting unethical behaviors

d. reject the influence of supervisors and professional colleagues when determining what is or isn’t ethical behavior

Learning Objective: 14.4: Explain some of the theoretical explanations for white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. The ______ might explain why a likely offender might be tempted by a ready-made opportunity to commit various white-collar crimes, since there is a low likelihood of being caught and little government oversight.

a. routine activities

b. social conflict

c. social learning

d. deterrence

Learning Objective: 14.4: Explain some of the theoretical explanations for white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. What type of offense has the following criteria? (1) upper-class offender, (2) work-related violations, (3) work-related violations of blue-collar workers excluded, and (4) regular crimes committed by upper-class persons excluded.

a. a tort

b. a contract violation

c. white-collar crime

d. hate crimes

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Sutherland published research in the 1940s that showed ______.

a. most corporations that were studied committed only one criminal offense

b. when corporate crime is discovered, it is usually right after it happens

c. only unsuccessful businesses committed ethical violations

d. the overwhelming majority of corporations recidivated

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Incidence and Impact on Society

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. What is the name of the organization that was created in 1970 and put in charge of protecting human health and safeguarding the natural environment?

a. The Department of the Interior

b. The Environmental Protection Agency

c. The State Department

d. The United States Department of Agriculture

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Which statement is false?

a. OSHA almost never pursues criminal charges.

b. Of the cases OSHA pursued criminally, most of them resulted in prison time.

c. OSHA only investigated 24% of worker deaths that happened between 1982 and 2002.

d. Corporations have little or nothing to lose by violating the labor regulations.

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Labor Violations

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which factor is not one of Abadinsky’s factors of organized crime?

a. It is hierarchical.

b. It is monopolistic.

c. It constitutes a unique subculture.

d. It has no rules or regulations.

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definition

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. What is the name of the notorious Democratic political machine in New York City from the 1790s through the 1960s that had major influence in city and state politics?

a. Tammany Hall

b. Dead Rabbitts

c. Short Tales

d. Hudson Dusters

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Historical Context of Organized Crime in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. What event occurred in 1919 that gave rise to a multitude of opportunities for criminals such as Al Capone?

a. The 13th Amendment, which banned slavery

b. The 15th Amendment, which gave African-Americans voting rights

c. The 18th Amendment, which outlawed alcohol

d. The 19th Amendment, which granted women’s suffrage

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Historical Context of Organized Crime in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which industry arose in Nevada after the Great Depression and attracted people like Bugsy Siegel?

a. bootlegging

b. gambling

c. prostitution

d. drug dealing

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Historical Context of Organized Crime in the United States

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Which criminal organization rose to prominence in the 1860s and required members to take an oath of loyalty, adhere to a code of silence, and resembled an extended social family?

a. the Mafia

b. the Hells Angels

c. La Nuestra Familia

d. the Ayrian Brotherhood

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Mafia

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. The Hells Angels, the Outlaws, the Bandidos, Vagos, Warlocks, and the Pagans are examples of ______.

a. the Mafia

b. Yakuza

c. OMGs

d. Prison Gangs

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. OMGs frequently refer to themselves as ______.

a. rockers

b. colors

c. one percenters

d. flaunters

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Which statement is false?

a. Often prison gangs are stronger in state facilities than federal facilities.

b. One of the newest prison gangs in the Mexican Mafia.

c. The Cooper v. Pate case allowed prisoners to sue state officials in federal court.

d. La Nuestra Familia is a well-known prison gang.

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prison Gangs

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. What is not one of Maltz’s characteristics associated with organized crime groups?

a. corruption

b. violence

c. continuity

d. lack of discipline

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Urban Street Gangs

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Which characteristic of organized crime did Dennis Kenney and James Finckenauer find applied to urban street gangs?

a. corruption

b. violence

c. multiple enterprises

d. structure and involvement in legitimate businesses

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Urban Street Gangs

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Cybercrime consists of at least three features: The act was committed using (1) a computer, (2) a “victim” computer, and (3) ______.

a. an intermediary network

b. an unauthorized credit card

c. a third victim

d. a governmental entity

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definition

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Which type of hackers have a limited technical ability and surf the Internet for hacker utility programs and then launch the programs at a target computer system?

a. white hat hackers

b. black hat hackers

c. script kiddies

d. hacktivists

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hacking

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, through ______, has been proactively investigating pedophiles for years.

a. Operation Clean Sweep

b. Operation Innocent Images

c. Operation Digitize

d. Operation Capture

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cybercrime

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. It appears that while the rate of homicides and assaults due to street crimes has been cut in half over the past 25 years, there is no indication that deaths or injuries due to corporate crimes have decreased, and there is evidence such injuries are on the rise.

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Although most textbooks claim that Sutherland introduced the concept of corporate, occupational, or industrial crimes, this claim has been disputed.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. According to Sutherland’s definition, if a clerk at a fast-food restaurant steals money from the register, it is not considered white-collar crime because, although the person committed the crime while engaging in work-related duties, he or she clearly does not hold a white-collar position.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. A business executive may be a serial killer or a drug dealer, but if these violations do not pertain to his actual job, then they do not count as white-collar crime.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Cybercrime consists of at least three features: The act was committed using (1) a computer, (2) a “victim” computer, and (3) an intermediary network.

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definition

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A hacker is one who obtains authorized access to a computer system, file, or network.

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hacking

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The development of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) made it a felony to cause the death of a worker by willfully violating safety laws.

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Even Sutherland appears to lack confidence in what white-collar crime means, as evidenced by his inclusion of the word approximately in his loose definition.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Today, white-collar criminals are more likely to be investigated, caught, charged, and convicted as compared with traditional street criminals.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The concept of pollution was acknowledged early on and was considered a huge problem for many areas.

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. OSHA violators are sometimes fined, but even then, these fines are usually relatively low in relation to the profits being made by the companies.

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. One of the key measures of organized crime in the world is the Organized Crime Perception (OCP) Index, which is a combined measure using data from various sources.

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Organized Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. White hat hackers are individuals that violate computer security essentially out of malice or for personal gain.

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hacking

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Advance fee fraud is a type of fraud where the victim is lured to pay monies with the expectation of receiving some service or benefit, but this never occurs.

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Internet Fraud

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act regulates the interception of electronic communications by individuals as well as the government.

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Empirical research supports the theory that deterrence explains why white collar professionals avoid committing workplace crimes.

Learning Objective: 14.4: Explain some of the theoretical explanations for white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. When it comes to white collar crime, studies show that the cultural norms of one’s environment seem to overwhelm university-led ethical training.

Learning Objective: 14.4: Explain some of the theoretical explanations for white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. If a clerk at a fast-food restaurant steals money from the register, it is considered white-collar crime.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Data compiled from the 1940s until now demonstrates a trend that most successful, large corporations commit repeated white-collar crimes.

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Incidence and Impact on Society

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. White-collar crime causes far more financial damage to society than all other crimes combined.

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Street crimes cause more deaths annually than white-collar crimes.

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Physical Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Many theorists claim that, on many occasions, judges, politicians, and community leaders have been responsible for punishing those guilty of street crimes, while their own white-collar crimes have gone unpunished.

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Breakdown in Social Fabric

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Most historians agree that the event that caused the most damage to the environment was World War II.

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Due to the hard work of the EPA, there are very few toxic waste sites left in the United States.

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Labor violations became more common during and after the Industrial Revolution.

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Labor Violations

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Discuss some of the legislation that has been enacted to address cybercrime.

Learning Objective: 14.6: Discuss the key issues associated with cybercrime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. How did the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment (explain what this was) to the Constitution contribute to the formation of organized crime?

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Historical Context of Organized Crime in the United States

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Explain the differences between the various types of criminal organizations (four different groups).

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Present the four (4) criteria incorporated into the definition of white-collar crime and explain each one. Give an example of each of the four (4) criteria.

Learning Objective: 14.5: Describe various aspects of organized crime such as definitions, criminal justice responses, and theoretical explanations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. List the six (6) general categories of the various white-collar offenses. Give an example of each category and why they are considered an illegal act.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Who coined the term white-collar crime?

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. How has white-collar crime damaged the moral and social fabric of society? Discuss its place in society and ties to the community.

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Breakdown in Social Fabric

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The text states, “…corporate crime is treated with kid gloves by government agencies and the criminal justice system.” What does this mean, and do you believe this to be true? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Incidence and Impact on Society

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. What was the first of Sutherland’s four (4) primary propositions concerning white-collar crime?

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Investigations of the largest businesses in the nation have all found that corporate misbehavior is not the ______ but the ______. What are some examples.

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Incidence and Impact on Society

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Why is the argument incorrect that there was a higher percentage of companies committing corporate violations in the 1940s due to less regulation of the rules?

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Incidence and Impact on Society

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Why does the text state that we are all paying for corporate crimes?

Learning Objective: 14.2: Discuss the ways in which corporate crimes impact society in terms of physical and property damage, as well as weakening the moral fabric of society.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Costs

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. There is debate on what behaviors are considered a part of one’s occupational role and what activities constitute white-collar crime. Give your definition of what behaviors you would consider part of one’s occupation role.

Learning Objective: 14.1: Explain the criteria experts use to distinguish white-collar crime from traditional forms of offending as well as criticisms of these criteria.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definitions and History

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is not considered a Cabinet agency. However, who appoints the administrators of this agency, and what are they given? What does this mean?

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. What two agencies does the Environmental Protection Agency work with to develop and enforce regulations to protect the environment from corporate crimes?

Learning Objective: 14.3: Classify the various types of white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crimes Against the Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

Document Information

Document Type:
DOCX
Chapter Number:
14
Created Date:
Aug 21, 2025
Chapter Name:
Chapter 14 White-Collar Crime, Organized Crime, And Cybercrime
Author:
Pamela J. Schram

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