Ch14 Test Bank Docx Sexual Difficulties & Therapy

Human Sexuality, 10e (Yarber)

Chapter 14 Sexual Function Difficulties, Dissatisfaction, Enhancement, and Therapy

1) According to a study by McCarthy and McCarthy (2003, 2009), less than ________ of happy, sexually satisfied couples described having similar desire, arousal, orgasm, and pleasure during a particular sexual episode.

A) 15 percent

B) 25 percent

C) 50 percent

D) 75 percent

2) According to a study by McCarthy and McCarthy (2003, 2009), for about ________ of the sexual experiences, one partner described the sex as positive, whereas the other considered it "OK."

A) 15 percent

B) 25 percent

C) 50 percent

D) 75 percent

3) According to a study by McCarthy and McCarthy (2003, 2009), ________ of sexual experiences were considered unremarkable, even though there were no sexual function problems. If the couple had to do it over again, they probably would have chosen something else to do.

A) 15 percent

B) 25 percent

C) 50 percent

D) 75 percent

4) The DSM-5 defines sexual dysfunction as ________.

A) a pathological inability to regulate arousal states, to delay or achieve ejaculation, and/or to control orgasms

B) a clinically significant disturbance in a person's ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure

C) a condition characterized by a lack of interest in sexual activities caused by depression

D) a diminution of sexual functioning in one of the four phases of sexual response

5) Which of the following is true of sexual function dissatisfaction?

A) It reflects a societal perception and has broad medical focus.

B) It is a common outcome of a difficulty in sexual functioning.

C) It begins with a man-centered definition of sexual function problems.

D) It acknowledges an overarching definition of what is "normal" versus what is dysfunctional.

6) The term "sexual function dissatisfaction" is a useful term because ________.

A) dissatisfaction is very different from dysfunction

B) it acknowledges sexual scripts as individual and avoids a definition of "normal"

C) it is a standard medical diagnosis identified in the DSM-5

D) dissatisfaction is more understandable than dysfunction to the general public

7) According to the DSM-5, which of the following is a sexual dysfunction?

A) Peyronie's disease

B) priapism

C) ejaculatory inevitability

D) premature ejaculation

8) According to the Working Group for a New View of Women's Sexual Problems, the DSM-5 has shortcomings as applied to women. Which of these is one of those shortcomings?

A) an overemphasis on the physical differences between men and women

B) the use of clinical impressions, as opposed to actual data

C) the unacknowledged role of relationships in sexuality

D) a bias toward labeling women's experiences as abnormal

9) A New View of Women's Sexual Problems is a unique approach to looking at sexual problems because it

A) labels sexual function difficulties as disorders and characterizes them according to Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle

B) focuses on lesbian health issue relationships

C) classifies women's sexual function difficulties based on women's needs and sexual realities

D) translates the DSM-5 categories into laypeople's language

10) The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) found that ________.

A) younger men experience erectile dysfunction more often than older men

B) men with a relationship partner experience greater arousal than those with a nonrelationship partner

C) men reporting same-sex activity have greater levels of sexual desire

D) older men are more likely to experience orgasm

11) Which of the following is true according to the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS)?

A) Sexual dysfunctions are influenced by both health-related and psychosocial factors.

B) Sexual dysfunctions are more prevalent among men than women.

C) Sexual dysfunctions are associated with high quality of life and extravagant lifestyles.

D) Sexual dysfunctions are generally most common among very old women and young men.

12) The number-one sexual function problem of American couples is ________.

A) inhibited sexual desire

B) hypersexual disorder

C) substance-induced sexual dysfunction

D) orgasmic disorder

13) According to the DSM-5, male hypoactive sexual desire disorder is specifically characterized by ________.

A) an absence of sex-related thoughts that persist for a minimum duration of 6 months

B) an inability to obtain and maintain erections during partnered sexual activities

C) a difficulty in experiencing orgasm and/or markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations

D) a recurring pattern of ejaculation during partnered sexual activity within about one minute following vaginal penetration

14) According to the DSM-5, which of the following is true of erectile disorders?

A) The diagnosis of erectile disorder is usually physiologically based.

B) Male erectile disorders are an inevitable consequence of aging, unlike female arousal disorders.

C) A man has an erection problem if he doesn't have reflex or spontaneous erections from viewing a partner's body.

D) Low sexual desire and excitement and specific medical conditions are often associated with erectile disorder.

15) Daniel is a 30-year-old heterosexual man who is uninterested in sex. When he meets a woman who expresses interest in him, he does not pursue the relationship. He is not anxious about sexual situations, merely disinterested. What would you diagnose Daniel as having?

A) sexual aversion disorder

B) erectile dysfunction

C) anorgasmia

D) male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

16) Which of the following factors is associated with male hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

A) alcohol use

B) high self-confidence

C) self-worship

D) anodyspareunia

17) Which of the following is true of men diagnosed with male hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

A) They are minimally responsive to partner initiation of sex.

B) They have excessive sex-related thoughts or fantasies that persist for a minimum duration of 3 months.

C) They do not have erectile and/or ejaculatory difficulties.

D) They have a lower sexual desire that causes desire discrepancy in a partner relationship.

18) Which of the following is true of female orgasmic disorder?

A) A woman is said to have a female orgasmic disorder if she experiences orgasm only during clitoral stimulation, but not during intercourse.

B) Orgasm consistency among women is lower during masturbation than during partnered sexual behavior.

C) Most female orgasmic disorders are lifelong rather than acquired problems.

D) A positive correlation exists between introvert behavior and female orgasmic disorder.

19) Among lesbian women, what is the major focus of sexual aversion?

A) vaginismus

B) mutual masturbation

C) cunnilingus

D) anilingus

20) The term "frigid" has been replaced with the less prejudicial description ________.

A) female sexual arousal disorder

B) sensate deficit disorder

C) female sexual dysphoria

D) arousal aversion disorder

21) A very common male sexual difficulty treated by therapists before the introduction of Viagra was ________.

A) orgasmic disorder

B) relationship disorder

C) erectile disorder

D) hyperactive sexual desire disorder

22) The modern term for impotence is ________.

A) male arousal disorder

B) erectile disorder

C) vasocongestion

D) pre-erectile anxiety disorder

23) A repeated inability to attain or maintain erections during partnered sexual activities is diagnostically referred to as ________.

A) acute erection dysfunction

B) vasocongestive failure

C) erectile disorder

D) delayed ejaculation

24) According to the DSM-5, which of the following has been found to cause erectile disorder among men?

A) diabetes mellitus

B) excessive exercise

C) high HB count in the blood

D) arthritis

25) According to the DSM-5, a difficulty experiencing orgasm and/or markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations in women is called ________.

A) female orgasmic disorder

B) vaginismus

C) erectile disorder

D) female pre-ejaculatory orgasmic dysfunction

26) After low sexual desire, the most common sexual dysfunction seen by sex therapists among females is ________.

A) vaginismus

B) dyspareunia

C) female orgasmic disorder

D) sexual aversion disorder

27) Jacob, a 30-year-old man, cannot ejaculate during sexual intercourse despite adequate sexual stimulation and the desire to experience ejaculation. However, when his partner gives an oral stimulation, he is able to ejaculate. He consults a sexologist, and the sexologist is most likely to diagnose his sexual difficulty as ________.

A) premature ejaculation

B) dyspareunia

C) delayed ejaculation

D) priapism

28) Avery, a 25-year-old woman, experiences pain during vaginal intercourse. She avoids sexual encounters, fearing pain may occur. The muscles around her vagina tighten during vaginal intercourse and make penile-vaginal intercourse difficult. Which of the following is suffered by Avery in this scenario?

A) Peyronie's disease

B) female sexual interest/arousal disorder

C) ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

D) genital-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

29) A recurring and continuing pattern of ejaculation during partnered sexual activity within about one minute following vaginal penetration and before the individual desires, and that causes interpersonal distress, is called ________.

A) priapism

B) inhibited ejaculation

C) premature ejaculation

D) retrograde ejaculatory disorder

30) James and Meghan, a mixed-sex couple, have been married for two years. They have minimal sexual satisfaction. James ejaculates within a minute during penile-vaginal penetration and is not able to satisfy his wife. He consults a doctor when his wife compels him to. The doctor would most likely diagnose James's sexual difficulty as ________.

A) premature ejaculation

B) dyspareunia

C) priapism

D) delayed ejaculation

31) Which of the following is true of delayed ejaculation?

A) It does not occur if there are adequate sexual stimulation and the desire to experience ejaculation.

B) It must be experienced during rare occasions (about 5–10 percent).

C) It results in prolonged thrusting to experience orgasm to the point of exhaustion or genital discomfort.

D) It enhances pleasure during partnered sexual activity because both partners get more pleasure than normal.

32) If a man is able to ejaculate only after extremely prolonged thrusting, the condition can be identified as ________.

A) inhibited ejaculation

B) delayed ejaculation

C) retrograde ejaculation

D) regressive ejaculation

33) The DSM-5 combined the conditions vaginismus and dyspareunia from the DSM-IV-TR into one category called ________.

A) genital-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

B) substance/medication-induced sexual dysfunction

C) male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

D) female orgasmic disorder

34) Amanda always experiences intense throbbing or shooting pain while having intercourse with her husband. Therefore, she often refuses to have sex with him. In this case, Amanda is most likely to be experiencing ________.

A) priapism

B) dyspareunia

C) Peyronie's disease

D) dysplasia

35) Grace has been unable to have intercourse. She experiences pain due to muscle spasms around her vagina whenever her husband attempts vaginal penetration. Grace likely has ________.

A) Peyronie's disease

B) vaginitis

C) Klinefelter's syndrome

D) vaginismus

36) Zack is addicted to heroin. As a result of this addiction, he faces difficulties with erection and ejaculation whenever he initiates a sexual activity. In this case, Zack is most likely to be diagnosed with ________.

A) male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

B) Peyronie's disease

C) substance/medication-induced sexual dysfunction

D) anodyspareunia

37) Alejandro suffers from leukemia. He experiences painful erection for several hours when he is not sexually aroused. Alejandro's condition is known as ________.

A) Peyronie's disease

B) priapism

C) anodyspareunia

D) urethritis

38) Fifty-year-old Bill has a severe curvature of the penis, and he experiences pain during intercourse. His doctor is likely to diagnose him with ________.

A) Peyronie's disease

B) priapism

C) anodyspareunia

D) urethritis

39) Anthony, a 65-year-old man, has painful erections and has pain during vaginal or anal penetration. His doctors find that Anthony has calcium deposits and tough fibrous tissue in the corpora cavernosa of his penis. This condition has resulted in the curvature of his penis, which is making his erections painful. Which of the following is most likely experienced by Anthony in this scenario?

A) anodyspareunia

B) hybristophilia

C) priapism

D) Peyronie's disease

40) Mason, a middle-aged man, is sexually active and often has sexual thoughts. He gets prolonged and painful erections that last for a few days. The doctors find that this pain occurs when the blood is unable to drain from his penis, and they conclude that it may be because of the antidepressants that Mason is taking. Identify the sexual difficulty experienced by Mason in this scenario.

A) hybristophilia

B) Peyronie's disease

C) priapism

D) anodyspareunia

41) A condition in which calcium deposits and tough fibrous tissue develop in the corpora cavernosa within the penis is called ________.

A) Cowper's syndrome

B) Peyronie's disease

C) priapism

D) dyspareunia

42) The technical term for painful intercourse is ________.

A) vaginismus

B) dyspareunia

C) anorgasmia

D) priapism

43) Anodyspareunia is pain experienced during ________.

A) masturbation

B) anal intercourse

C) oral-genital stimulation

D) vaginal penetration

44) Whenever Tom and Connie attempt intercourse, penetration is impossible because of muscle spasms around the vestibule. This condition is known as ________.

A) dyspareunia

B) anodyspareunia

C) priapism

D) vaginismus

45) Prolonged and painful erections that occur when blood is unable to drain from the penis is called ________.

A) anorgasmia

B) priapism

C) permoerection

D) Peyronie's disease

46) Spasms of the pubococcygeus muscle are likely to result in which disorder in women?

A) Peyronie's disorder

B) substance/medication-induced sexual disorder

C) genital-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

D) Klinefelter's disorder

47) While making love, Raul often evaluates "how well" things are going. This distraction often leads to lack of orgasm. This tendency to become involved in judging one's performance is called ________.

A) inhibiting

B) spectatoring

C) anorgasmia

D) sensate focus

48) Which of the following is an immediate cause of sexual function difficulties and dissatisfaction?

A) excessive need to please a partner

B) conflict within the self

C) relationship causes

D) prescription drugs

49) Karen was sexually abused during her childhood by her uncle. As a result, she develops negative attitudes toward sex and finds it hard to get emotionally attached to anyone. Though she desires to have sex, she avoids engaging in sexual activities thinking that it is bad. Which of the following psychological causes of sexual function difficulties does this scenario exemplify?

A) conflict within the self

B) ineffective sexual behavior

C) sexual anxieties

D) fatigue and stress

50) Gay men and lesbian women tend to have sexual function difficulties and dissatisfaction as a result of conflict within the self that is caused by ________.

A) priapism

B) sexual aversion disorder

C) internalized homophobia

D) relationship problems

51) Internalized homophobia can be defined as ________.

A) a fear of emotional intimacy with the same sex

B) a fear of physical intimacy with the same sex

C) self-hatred because of one's homosexuality

D) homosexuals' hatred toward the opposite sex

52) In his book Resurrecting Sex (2002), David Schnarch, a prominent sex therapist and clinical psychologist, suggests that partners should ________ in order to resurrect or improve the intimate relationship.

A) ignore their sexual problems

B) present a provocative suggestion for addressing sexual problems

C) focus on the sexual behaviors that have been satisfying in the past

D) change the current relationship

53) According to Ellison, how do people know if they are having "good sex"?

A) if both partners are orgasmic

B) if they feel good about themselves, their partners, their relationships, and their sexual behaviors

C) if both partners agree on how often they have sex and what they will do

D) if the frequency of sexual activity is within normal limits

54) Typical homework exercises for couples in a sexual enhancement program include ________.

A) mirror examination

B) strenuous exercise

C) use of an erection-enhancing drug

D) sex with multiple partners

55) Sex therapist Zilbergeld's conditions for "good sex" include ________.

A) being more confident

B) being physically and mentally indifferent

C) accepting universal conditions

D) being less open to experience

56) In the context of intensifying erotic pleasure, which of the following is true of sexual arousal?

A) Sexual arousal consists of the physiological responses, fantasies, and desires associated with sexual anticipation and activity.

B) Sexual arousal focuses on touch and the giving and receiving of pleasure.

C) Sexual arousal states that sex is not limited to certain types of situations, stimulation, or partners.

D) Sexual arousal requires being able to make positive changes without taking out frustrations on one's partner, even if one thinks he or she deserves it.

57) Which therapeutic approach is most effective in treating difficulties such as premature ejaculation and erectile difficulties resulting from mild anxieties?

A) psychoanalytic

B) cognitive-behavioral

C) psychosexual

D) pharmacological

58) Which of the following is true of Masters and Johnson's cognitive-behavioral approach to treating sexual function difficulties?

A) They applied Freudian theory to sexual problems.

B) They were able to trace the origin of sexual difficulties to childhood problems.

C) They proposed that sexual problems stemmed from ignorance, faulty techniques, or relationship problems.

D) They believed in treating individuals rather than couples.

59) Which of the following is true of the cognitive-behavioral approach of Masters and Johnson for the treatment of sexual function difficulties?

A) They saw sexual problems as an individual problem that had to be dealt with individually.

B) They accepted the Freudian approach of tracing sexual function problems to childhood.

C) They believed that basic personality change was necessary for sexual problems to disappear.

D) They relabeled sexual function problems as sexual dysfunctions rather than aspects of neuroses.

60) John is a married heterosexual man who has been having problems maintaining an erection. He decides to seek help for his problem. He goes to a cognitive-behavioral therapist. At the first meeting, which of the following will John be asked to do?

A) commit to individual sessions for about 12 weeks

B) bring his wife to the sessions with him

C) be very honest and forthright about his early childhood experiences

D) analyze his commitment to his relationship with his wife

61) Sandra and Montel are nervous about entering therapy at the Masters and Johnson Institute. The therapist tells them to go home, remove their clothing, and pleasure each other everywhere except the genitals and breasts. This therapeutic method is called ________.

A) spectatoring

B) mirroring

C) tactile treatment

D) sensate focus

62) Which item best describes the concept of sensate focus?

A) devoting one day to each sense; observing and studying how each contributes to the erotic experience

B) giving and receiving pleasure to each other without a sexual or coital goal

C) slowing down the pace of intercourse so that each step is fully experienced

D) expanding the repertoire of foreplay activities before penetration

63) Which of the following therapeutic methods for the treatment of sexual function difficulties involves focusing on touch and the giving and receiving of pleasure?

A) masturbatory play

B) sensate focus

C) pleasure focus

D) directed fantasy

64) In the treatment for erectile difficulties using a cognitive-behavioral approach, couples are taught that the first step in treatment is ________.

A) the removal of fears and anxieties

B) learning to objectively observe one's own sexual responses

C) learning to concentrate on one's partner's arousal rather than one's own

D) understanding the physiology of erection

65) Kevin who has erection difficulties seeks the help of a cognitive-behavioral therapist. As part of the therapy, the therapist is most likely to ask ________.

A) Kevin to experience more power and control in the course of foreplay and coitus

B) Kevin's partner to set high expectations and convey the same to Kevin in order to keep him motivated

C) Kevin and his partner to play with each other's genitals without attempting an erection

D) Kevin to condition his arousal to various fantasies and objects so that he can become erect by thinking about them

66) According to Castleman, which of the following is a common erection myth?

A) Even if a man cannot have an erection, his partner needs to be sexually satisfied.

B) Men are sex machines, always ready, always hard.

C) During a sexual encounter, one gets multiple shots at an erection.

D) It is the partner's fault if a man does not have an erection.

67) Which one of the following is helpful in the treatment of early ejaculation?

A) the use of dilators

B) rear entry coitus

C) erotic fantasy

D) the squeeze technique

68) Noah, a 40-year-old man, is not able to have a sexual life as he would have wanted. He suffers from premature ejaculation and ejaculates within a minute during vaginal intercourse, and his partners are left unsatisfied. According to Masters and Johnson's cognitive-behavioral approach, which of the following methods would help Noah to enhance his sex life?

A) sensate focus

B) the squeeze technique

C) penial microsurgery

D) the coital alignment technique

69) Which of the following sexual function difficulties is treated by having the man's partner manipulate his penis to bring him the most pleasure possible, and then later proceeding to vaginal or anal intercourse?

A) erectile dysfunction

B) premature ejaculation

C) delayed ejaculation

D) hypoactive sexual desire

70) Helen Singer Kaplan modified Masters and Johnson's behavioral treatment program to include ________.

A) psychosexual therapy

B) cognitive therapy

C) PLISSIT therapy

D) group therapy

71) Which of the following muscles do the Kegel exercises strengthen?

A) clitoral

B) pubococcygeus

C) deltoids

D) gluteus maximus

72) The first level in the PLISSIT model involves ________.

A) giving limited information

B) making specific suggestions

C) undergoing intensive therapy

D) giving permission

73) When vaginal pain is caused by menopause-related symptoms, a possible solution is ________.

A) vaginal dilators

B) sex therapy

C) surgery

D) lubricants

74) Treatments suitable for resolving sexual function difficulties associated with vaginal pain in menopausal women are ________.

A) lubrication and hormone replacement therapy

B) psychotherapy and sensate focus

C) behavioral and cognitive therapy

D) PLISSIT therapy and Kegel exercises

75) Which of the following is NOT a means for treating erection difficulties in men?

A) microsurgery

B) injectable medication

C) penile prosthesis

D) anticoagulant tablets

76) Viagra improves erectile function by ________.

A) increasing blood pressure in the penis

B) causing contractions of the penile muscles

C) stimulating the muscles of the pelvic floor

D) expanding the erectile tissues in the penis

77) Which of the following is one of the ways that sexual issues for homosexual couples differ from those of heterosexual couples?

A) The context in which gay men and lesbian women have sexual difficulties is similar to their heterosexual counterparts.

B) Gay and lesbian couples cannot get help from sex therapists because their sexual activities do not meet the technical definition of sex.

C) Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals must deal with both societal homophobia and internalized homophobia.

D) Problems among heterosexual individuals most often focus on other behaviors, whereas the sexual dissatisfaction among LGBTQ persons focuses on sexual intercourse.

78) Sexual dissatisfaction is a common outcome of a difficulty in sexual functioning.

79) Acquired dysfunctions are those sexual problems present from the first sexual experience.

80) Inhibited sexual desire causes more stress in a marriage than any other sexual function problem.

81) Many sex therapists believe that sexual arousal is more of a psychological process in women than in men.

82) An erectile disorder during two-person sexual activity usually has a physiological origin.

83) Erectile disorder is a diagnosable problem in the DSM-5 only when the man or his partner is distressed by the occurrence.

84) According to a study by Hackney, Lane, Register-Mihalik, and O’Leary (2017), men who exercised moderately or light in intensity or duration were much less likely to indicate moderate or high libidos than those whose workouts were especially prolonged or intense.

85) A man who used to be called "impotent" is now said to have an erectile disorder.

86) The DSM-5 includes a "hyperactive sexual desire disorder" that is characterized by high sexual desire.

87) Female orgasmic disorder is the most common sexual dysfunction among women.

88) Once a woman has had an orgasm, it is uncommon that she will lose that ability.

89) Satisfaction with sexual activity in women is strongly correlated with experiencing an orgasm.

90) Studies have found that women were less likely to experience orgasm during partnered sex that included a wider variety of sexual behaviors than intercourse.

91) Sexual satisfaction and maintenance of passion were lower among people who had sex most frequently and received more oral sex than others.

92) Diabetes and alcoholism are leading causes of male erectile difficulties.

93) Persons in a same-sex relationship reported a slightly lower sexual desire than those in other-sex relationships.

94) The PLISSIT model is a form of "brief" sex therapy.

95) The fourth level of PLISSIT model involves giving limited information.

96) Erection-enhancing drugs increase sexual desire and produce an erection even without sexual stimulation.

97) Gay and lesbian sexual issues are indistinguishable from those of heterosexual men and women.

98) What is the advantage of using the term "sexual function dissatisfaction" instead of "sexual dysfunction"?

99) According to the Working Group for a New View of Women's Sexual Problems, what are the four categories underlying women's sexual dissatisfaction?

100) Discuss female orgasmic disorder.

101) What are some of the physical causes of sexual function difficulties and dissatisfaction in men?

102) Explain how fatigue and stress cause sexual function difficulties and dissatisfaction.

103) How do erection-enhancing drugs act to improve erectile function?

104) Describe substance/medication-induced sexual dysfunction and the impact of certain drugs on sexual functioning.

105) Recognizing that all individuals are unique, what are some basic "conditions for good sex" developed by Zilbergeld?

106) Selena and Kyle go to a cognitive-behavioral therapist for help with premature ejaculation. Explain some of the ways this might be treated.

107) Describe the PLISSIT model of sex therapy.