Ch13 Leadership & Trust | Test Bank – 11th Ed

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Fundamentals of Management, 11e (Robbins)

Chapter 13 Leadership and Trust

1) Because leading is one of the four basic managerial functions, ________ leaders.

A) all managers are

B) all managers should be

C) some managers are

D) some managers should be

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.1: Define leader and leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

2) A leader is someone who has managerial authority and can influence others.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.1: Define leader and leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

3) Leadership identifies a process while leader identifies a person.

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.1: Define leader and leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

4) Ideally, all managers should not be leaders.

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.1: Define leader and leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

5) Early leadership trait research looked to find characteristics that might ________.

A) distinguish ordinary leaders from great leaders

B) define charisma

C) identify the physical traits of leaders

D) differentiate leaders from non-leaders

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

6) Leaders are ________.

A) individual people, while leadership is a process

B) the first step in the leadership process

C) individual people who study the leadership process.

D) the final step in the leadership process.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

7) If a trait theory of leadership were true, then all leaders would possess ________.

A) charisma

B) the same traits

C) different traits

D) seven traits

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

8) Which one of the following is NOT one of the eight traits associated with leadership?

A) drive

B) intelligence

C) introversion

D) job-relevant knowledge

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

9) Why was the trait theory of leadership mainly unsuccessful?

A) Researchers were not able to identify a set of traits that always differentiated a leader from a nonleader.

B) Organizations found the trait theory of leadership too expensive to implement due to the high costs of testing potential leaders.

C) Research has shown that leadership traits are gender specific, so the process of choosing leaders based on traits is discriminatory.

D) Too much emphasis was placed on personality traits rather than physical traits, which have been found to successfully predict leadership.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

10) Behavioral theories of leadership focused on ________.

A) who effective leaders were

B) what characteristics effective leaders had

C) how to identify effective leaders

D) what effective leaders did

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

11) The promise of behavioral theories of leadership held that it would be possible to ________.

A) pick a leader out of crowd

B) train a person to be a leader

C) explain why successful leaders were successful

D) eliminate ineffective leaders

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

12) The University of Iowa studies discussed all of the following leadership styles EXCEPT ________ leadership.

A) laissez-faire

B) democratic

C) benevolent

D) autocratic

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

13) Which leadership style tends to centralize authority and make unilateral decisions?

A) cultural style

B) autocratic style

C) democratic style

D) laissez-faire style

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

14) Jared's boss encourages employees to participate in the decision-making process but does not give them complete freedom to do as they like. She has this kind of leadership style.

A) monarchial

B) autocratic

C) laissez-faire

D) democratic

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Application

15) Monica's boss allows her to make any decision she thinks is important on the spot without consulting anyone. The style of leadership demonstrated by Monica's boss is ________.

A) laissez-faire

B) autocratic

C) democratic

D) hands-on

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Application

16) The University of Iowa studies indicated that the ________ style was the most successful leadership style.

A) autocratic

B) laissez-faire

C) combination of autocratic and laissez-faire

D) democratic

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

17) The autocratic style identified in the University of Iowa studies is similar to the ________ style identified by Ohio State.

A) consideration

B) employee oriented

C) initiating structure

D) laissez-faire

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

18) The employee oriented style identified in the University of Michigan studies is similar to the ________ style identified by Ohio State.

A) initiating structure

B) autocratic

C) laissez-faire

D) consideration

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

19) The behavioral theories of leadership began around this time.

A) 1900-1920

B) 1920-1940

C) 1940-1960

D) 1960-1980

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

20) In the Ohio State studies, ________ refers to how strict a leader's standards are.

A) independent dimensions

B) comprehensive structure

C) initiating structure

D) consideration

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

21) In the Ohio State studies, ________ refers to how much mutual trust exists between employees and leaders.

A) consideration of limitations

B) consideration

C) initiating structure

D) initiating ideas

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

22) A high-high leader in the Ohio State studies achieved the highest ratings with respect to ________.

A) both employee performance and satisfaction

B) employee performance only

C) employee satisfaction only

D) employee performance for routine tasks only

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

23) Jamiel is always busy, working diligently every day in pursuit of the organization's goals. He often comes up with new ideas to streamline production, reducing both time and effort in the manufacture of the product. Jamiel is exhibiting the ________ characteristic of leadership.

A) job-relevant knowledge

B) drive

C) extraversion

D) intelligence

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Application

24) Although her ideas don't always work out, Carlotta never doubts herself. Her coworkers would follow her into the fire and back out because they trust her judgment. Carlotta displays the leadership characteristic of ________.

A) self-confidence

B) desire to lead

C) extraversion

D) intelligence

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking; Application of knowledge

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Application

25) According to the University of Michigan studies, leaders who were ________ were associated with higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction.

A) employee oriented

B) initiating structure

C) considerate

D) production oriented

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

26) On the managerial grid, a leader who is high in both concern for people and concern for production would rate ________.

A) 1,1

B) 9,1

C) 5,5

D) 9,9

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

27) The Ohio State and Michigan studies offered the significant insight that ________.

A) leaders should focus exclusively on production

B) leaders who were mostly concerned with people generated higher corporate profits

C) the personality traits of the leader were less important than their concern for both production and people

D) the production-oriented behaviors of the leader contributed most to their success

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

28) The dual nature of leadership behaviors suggests that both ________ and ________ are important determinants of leadership.

A) focus on work; focus on employees

B) focus on traits; focus on behaviors

C) situations; organizations

D) followers; leaders

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

29) What important determinant of leadership became the focus of leadership theories after the behavioral studies?

A) power

B) charisma

C) the follower

D) the situation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

30) Trait theories of leadership focus on how leaders interact with their followers.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

31) Research has shown a distinct set of traits that distinguishes leaders from non-leaders.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

32) Having leadership traits alone is not useful for identifying who is likely to be a leader.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

33) Trait research has given managers the ability to pick out the best leaders from a group.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

34) A major goal of behavioral leadership studies is to find ways to train people to be leaders.

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

35) The behavioral theories of leadership were developed in response to the failings of the trait theory to adequately explain and predict leadership.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

36) The behavioral theories of leadership became dominant around the early 1900s.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

37) The Ohio State studies suggested that leaders who were high in structure and low in consideration were most successful.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

38) The University of Michigan studies suggested that the most successful leaders were production oriented.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

39) A leader who ranks 9,9 in the Managerial Grid would have more concern for people than production.

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

40) A disadvantage of the Managerial Grid is that it includes too many contingencies.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

41) In a short essay, identify and describe three traits associated with leadership.

Drive—Leaders tend to show high levels effort, energy, ambition, initiative, and desire for achievement.

Desire to lead—Leaders have a strong desire to influence others and show them the path to success. They demonstrate the willingness to take over a situation and assume responsibility for its success.

Honesty and integrity—Leaders recognize that trust, honesty, and consistency are important for acquiring power and influence over people, so they pay special attention to these traits.

Self-confidence—Leaders show strong faith in their own ability to reach goals and help others reach goals.

Intelligence—Leaders need to be able to gather information and analyze situations so they can effectively make decisions, solve problems, and create a vision for subordinates to follow.

Job-relevant knowledge—Effective leaders have a high degree of knowledge about the company, industry, and technical matters. In-depth knowledge allows leaders to make well-informed decisions and to understand the implications of those decisions.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Critical thinking

42) In a short essay, describe the University of Iowa leadership studies.

The democratic style described a leader who tended to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.

Finally, the laissez-faire style leader generally gave the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it saw fit. Lewin and his associates researched which style was the most effective. Their results seemed to indicate that the democratic style contributed to both good quantity and quality of work.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Critical thinking

43) In a short essay, describe the Ohio State University leadership studies.

The second dimension was called consideration, which was defined as the extent to which a leader had job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings. A leader who was high in consideration helped group members with personal problems, was friendly and approachable, and treated all group members as equals. He or she showed concern for (was considerate of) followers' comfort, well-being, status, and satisfaction.

The Ohio State studies generally indicated that a leader with a high-high (both initiating structure and consideration) leadership style had the highest performing employees with the greatest job satisfaction. However, leaders high in initiating structure only seemed to engender employee complaints, while those who rated high in consideration only tended to be negatively rated in employee polls.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Critical thinking

44) In a short essay, describe the University of Michigan leadership studies.

Leaders who were employee oriented were described as emphasizing interpersonal relationships; they took a personal interest in the needs of their followers and accepted individual differences among group members. The production-oriented leaders, in contrast, tended to emphasize the technical or task aspects of the job, were concerned mainly with accomplishing their group's tasks, and regarded group members as a means to that end.

The conclusions of the Michigan researchers strongly favored leaders who were employee oriented as they were associated with high group productivity and high job satisfaction.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Critical thinking

45) In a short essay, describe the managerial grid that emerged from the early leadership studies.

Of these five styles, the researchers concluded that managers performed best when using a 9,9 style—high concern for both people and production. Unfortunately, the grid offered no answers to the question of what made a manager an effective leader; it only provided a framework for conceptualizing leadership style. In fact, there has been little substantive evidence to support the conclusion that a 9,9 style is most effective in all situations.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.2: Compare and contrast early leadership theories.

Question Category: Critical thinking

46) The key to the Fiedler contingency model of leadership is to match ________.

A) leader and follower

B) leader and leadership style

C) leadership style and follower

D) leadership style and situation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

47) What does Fiedler's least-preferred coworker questionnaire measure?

A) the most common leadership style among all leaders

B) leadership style of respondents who took the test

C) the most effective leadership style

D) the least effective leadership style

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

48) Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style ________.

A) is contingent on the situation

B) is variable

C) evolves over time

D) is fixed

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

49) Fiedler's LPC ratings concluded that leaders were either ________.

A) positive or negative

B) task oriented or trusting

C) relationship oriented or people oriented

D) task oriented or relationship oriented

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

50) The ________ dimension reflects the degree of trust and respect subordinates had for their leader in Fiedler's model.

A) leader-member relations

B) position power

C) task structure

D) effectiveness

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

51) Your boss has total control over hiring, firing, and promotions in your department. According to Fiedler's ratings of the situation, your boss has ________.

A) low position power

B) high position power

C) high task structure

D) low task structure

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Application

52) Jobs in a firm are quite informal. Workers are versatile and switch tasks and responsibilities depending on the situation. In Fiedler's model, this firm would be said to have ________.

A) good leader-member relations

B) high position power

C) high task structure

D) low task structure

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Application

53) Fiedler concluded that task-oriented leaders performed best when the situation was ________.

A) highly favorable

B) highly unfavorable

C) either highly favorable or highly unfavorable

D) moderately favorable or moderately unfavorable

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

54) Fiedler concluded that relationship-oriented leaders performed best when the situation was ________.

A) highly favorable

B) highly unfavorable

C) either highly favorable or highly unfavorable

D) moderately favorable or moderately unfavorable

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

55) A major criticism of Fiedler's work stated that it failed to recognize that effective leaders ________.

A) are always task oriented

B) can change leadership styles

C) cannot change leadership styles

D) are always relationship oriented

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

56) In the situational leadership theory (SLT), readiness is defined as ________ to perform a task.

A) the ability

B) the willingness

C) both the ability and willingness

D) the motivation one has

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

57) ________ is defined in situational leadership theory (SLT) as a high task, low relationship leadership role.

A) Telling

B) Selling

C) Participating

D) Delegating

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

58) A leader who provides maximum supportive behavior and a great deal of explicit instructions for how to carry out a task is assuming the ________ SLT role.

A) telling

B) selling

C) participating

D) delegating

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

59) A leader who pretty much leaves employees on their own is assuming the ________ SLT role.

A) telling

B) selling

C) participating

D) delegating

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

60) Which category of follower is considered to be both unable and unwilling to complete a task?

A) R1

B) R2

C) R3

D) R4

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

61) Which category of follower is considered to be able but unwilling to complete a task?

A) R1

B) R2

C) R3

D) R4

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

62) Which leadership style works best with an R1 type of follower?

A) delegating

B) selling

C) telling

D) participating

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

63) A delegating leadership style works best with which type of follower?

A) R1

B) R2

C) R3

D) R4

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

64) Which leadership style works best with an R2 type of follower?

A) participating

B) selling

C) telling

D) delegating

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

65) A participating leadership style works best with which type of follower?

A) R1

B) R2

C) R3

D) R4

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

66) The leader-participation model contends that leader behavior should ________.

A) never vary

B) adjust to the structure of the task involved

C) be dependent on the traits of the leader

D) be consistent from task to task

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

67) Results from the leader-participation model conclude that it is more important to talk about autocratic and participative ________.

A) situations than leaders

B) leaders than situations

C) leaders than followers

D) followers than situations

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

68) The most important conclusion from the leader-participation model is that ________.

A) a leader must keep the same leadership style no matter what the situation is

B) a leader must change his or her leadership style depending on the situation

C) a leader must try to change the situation if it does not suit his or her leadership style

D) all situations are similar

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

69) The path-goal theory sees the job of an effective leader as ________.

A) providing clear instructions for followers

B) clearing the path between followers and their goals

C) defining goals for followers

D) helping followers understand their goals

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

70) A(n) ________ leader in path-goal theory gives specific guidance in performing tasks.

A) directive

B) achievement-oriented

C) participative

D) supportive

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

71) An important trait of a(n) ________ leader in path-goal theory is friendliness.

A) achievement-oriented

B) directive

C) participative

D) supportive

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

72) A(n) ________ leader in path-goal theory does little but set challenging goals for followers.

A) supportive

B) participative

C) achievement-oriented

D) directive

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

73) A(n) ________ leader in path-goal theory often makes decisions collectively with followers.

A) directive

B) participative

C) achievement-oriented

D) supportive

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

74) Path-goal theory assumes that environmental factors such as ________ can change a leadership situation.

A) locus of control of followers

B) personal work experience of followers

C) skills and abilities of followers

D) work group structure of followers

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

75) Which one of the following is included in the class of contingency variables that are associated with personal characteristics of a follower?

A) locus of control

B) task structure

C) group structure

D) formal authority system

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

76) In path-goal theory, a directive leadership style works well in a situation in which tasks are ________.

A) straightforward and unambiguous

B) ambiguous and stressful

C) highly structured

D) clearly defined

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

77) In a highly structured organization, the ________ approach seems to work best.

A) supportive

B) directive

C) achievement oriented

D) participative

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

78) A participative leadership style works well with subordinates who ________.

A) have little faith in their own ability

B) are having work group conflicts

C) have an external locus of control

D) have an internal locus of control

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

79) Leaders who are looking for exceptionally high performance from subordinates might try the ________ approach.

A) supportive

B) directive

C) achievement oriented

D) participative

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

80) A leader should avoid a directive leadership style when ________.

A) tasks are highly structured

B) workers have an external locus of control

C) tasks are stressful and ambiguous

D) work groups experience conflict

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

81) Fiedler's model proposed that leadership success was determined by matching leadership style to situation.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

82) Fiedler's contingency model focused on having employees describe their ideal coworker.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

83) A high LPC score indicates that a worker is productivity oriented.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

84) Fiedler concluded that task-oriented leaders tended to perform better in highly favorable situations and worse in highly unfavorable situations.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

85) Fiedler concluded that relationship-oriented leaders seemed to perform better in highly unfavorable situations.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

86) Situational leadership theory (SLT) states that an R1 worker who is unable and unwilling to perform a task responds best to a telling leadership style.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

87) Situational leadership theory (SLT) states that an R3 worker who is able but unwilling to perform a task responds best to a selling leadership style.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

88) Vroom and Yetton's leader-participation model suggests that leaders should adjust to the situation.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

89) Robert House's path-goal theory maintains that an effective leader clears the path for a follower to the follower's goal.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

90) In contrast to Fiedler, path-goal theory assumes that leaders maintain a single, permanent leadership style.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

91) Path-goal theory states that a directive leadership style works best when tasks are ambiguous.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

92) Path-goal theory states that a supportive leadership style works best when tasks are highly unstructured.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Analytical

93) In a short essay, describe the basics of situational leadership theory (SLT).

The theory presents four basic leadership styles:

Telling (high task—low relationship)—the leader defines roles and tells people what, how, when, and where to do various tasks.

Selling (high task—high relationship)—the leader provides both directive and supportive behavior.

Participating (low task—high relationship)—the leader and follower share in decision making; the main role of the leader is facilitating and communicating.

Delegating (low task—low relationship)—the leader provides little direction or support.

The theory presents four basic follower readiness states:

R1—People are both unable and unwilling to take responsibility for doing something. They're neither competent nor confident.

R2—People are unable but willing to do the necessary job tasks. They're motivated but currently lack the appropriate skills.

R3—People are able but unwilling to do what the leader wants.

R4—People are both able and willing to do what is asked of them.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Critical thinking

94) In a short essay, describe the conclusions of situational leadership theory (SLT) for each follower readiness category, R1, R2, R3, and R4.

R2—People who are unable but willing to perform tasks require a selling leadership style in which the leader provides a lot of instruction and support.

R3—People who are able but unwilling to perform a task require a participating leadership style to make them identify with the task and want to take it on themselves.

R4—People who are both able and willing to do what is asked of them require a delegating leadership style. They only need to be shown the task and they will do the rest.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Critical thinking

95) In a short essay, discuss the basics of the path-goal leadership theory developed by Robert House.

House identified four leadership behaviors:

Directive leader—lets subordinates know what is expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks.

Supportive leader—friendly and shows concern for the needs of followers.

Participative leader—consults with group members and uses their suggestions before making a decision.

Achievement-oriented leader—sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Critical thinking

96) In a short essay, discuss the conclusions derived from path-goal leadership theory.

Path-goal theory suggested that supportive leadership worked best when tasks were highly structured.

Path-goal theory suggested that participative leadership worked best when workers had an internal locus of control.

Path-goal theory suggested that achievement-oriented leadership worked best when workers wanted to be challenged.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.3: Describe the four major contingency leadership theories.

Question Category: Critical thinking

97) Transactional leaders are leaders who guide by ________.

A) inspiring followers

B) articulating a vision for followers

C) the force of their personality

D) offering rewards to followers

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

98) Visionary leaders are leaders who guide by ________.

A) inspiring followers

B) articulating a vision of the future

C) the force of their personality

D) offering rewards to followers

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

99) Transformational leaders are leaders who guide by ________.

A) inspiring followers

B) articulating a vision for followers

C) the force of their personality

D) offering rewards to followers

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

100) Which one of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders?

A) They are poor motivators.

B) Their organizations suffer from high turnover rates.

C) Their organizations are highly productive.

D) Their organizations are not productive.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

101) Which term is most closely associated with transformational leaders?

A) charming

B) efficient

C) far-seeing

D) inspiring

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

102) Which one of the following is NOT a typical trait of a charismatic leader?

A) direct eye contact

B) relaxed body posture

C) animated facial expressions

D) erect body posture

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

103) Research has shown that ________.

A) charisma is an illusion

B) charisma is inborn only

C) charisma is based on rewards

D) charisma can be learned

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

104) Research has shown that "trained" charismatic leaders had workers who were ________ those who had been led by non-charismatic leaders.

A) dramatically less productive than

B) more productive than

C) equally productive when compared to

D) slightly less productive than

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

105) Visionary leadership differs from charismatic leadership because of its focus on ________.

A) rewards

B) personality

C) dangers that the future might bring

D) a positive image of the future

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

106) Which one of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a vision of the future provided by visionary leadership?

A) powerful images

B) easy-to-understand view

C) nonspecific and indefinite

D) clear articulation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

107) If a visionary-leader CEO switched from one company to another, you would expect ________ to follow her to the new company.

A) all employees and managers

B) no employees

C) no managers

D) some employees and managers

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Application

108) Team leadership and traditional leadership in hierarchical organizations are thought to be ________.

A) virtually identical

B) very different

C) fairly similar

D) somewhat different

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

109) Consultant estimates state that ________ team leaders.

A) 15 percent of managers are not natural

B) 70 percent of managers are not natural

C) 85 percent of managers are not natural

D) 30 percent of managers are natural

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

110) A difficult skill for a team leader to learn is knowing when to ________ .

A) show interest in the team.

B) retain control

C) leave the team alone

D) abandon the team

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

111) A team's ________ marks the border between tasks that are strictly the team's responsibility and those that the team shares with other parts of the organization.

A) external boundary

B) exterior

C) leader

D) performance

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

112) The ________ team leader role requires leaders to try to get the best out of their team.

A) coach

B) troubleshooter

C) liaison

D) conflict manager

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

113) When a design team is having problems getting its new simulation software to work correctly, the team leader takes on this role.

A) coach

B) troubleshooter

C) liaison

D) conflict manager

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Application

114) When a team is considering joining forces with another team in the organization, the team leader takes on the ________ role.

A) troubleshooter

B) conflict manager

C) coach

D) liaison

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Application

115) When two members of a team are having a personal conflict, the team leader takes on this role.

A) conflict manager

B) liaison

C) troubleshooter

D) coach

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Application

116) The key difference between team leadership and traditional leadership is that in teams, ________ decisions.

A) employees are empowered to make

B) leaders are not empowered to make

C) leaders have no influence over employees'

D) leaders do not participate in important

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

117) ________ is one key reason that employees are frequently empowered with decision-making ability in today's business world.

A) Smaller spans of control

B) Larger spans of control

C) Smaller budgets

D) Larger budgets

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

118) On a pro football team, empowerment might manifest itself in which one of the following?

A) players getting larger salaries

B) more complicated plays and formations on the field

C) coach-to-helmet communication systems

D) a player changing a planned play on the field

Diff: 3

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Application

119) A unique problem that virtual leaders face is being understood without a ________ form of communication.

A) reliable

B) written

C) clear

D) nonverbal

Diff: 2

AACSB: Information technology

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

120) Being humble is a typical characteristic of ________.

A) Arab leaders

B) German leaders

C) Japanese leaders

D) Korean leaders

Diff: 2

AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

121) A ________ would avoid publicly praising a productive employee.

A) Malaysian leader

B) Dutch leader

C) Japanese leader

D) German leader

Diff: 2

AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

122) A ________ is characterized by high performance orientation.

A) German leader

B) Scandinavian leader

C) Japanese leader

D) Malaysian leader

Diff: 2

AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

123) Most leadership theories were developed in the United States, causing them to stress ________.

A) spirituality over rationality

B) rationality over spirituality

C) both rationality and spirituality

D) altruism over self-gratification

Diff: 2

AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

124) All of the following appear to be universal elements of transformational leadership EXCEPT ________.

A) dynamism

B) vision

C) trustworthiness

D) aggressiveness

Diff: 2

AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

125) Recent studies indicate that this measure of ability is the best predictor of who will be a leader in an organization.

A) standardized test intelligence

B) academic intelligence

C) technical expertise

D) emotional intelligence

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

126) Which one of the following is NOT a key component of emotional intelligence (EI)?

A) empathy

B) self-awareness

C) active imagination

D) social skills

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

127) Studies show that the higher the rank a star performer has in an organization, the more he or she relies on ________ for success.

A) integrity

B) intelligence

C) emotional intelligence

D) loyalty

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

128) A transactional leadership style is not related to a transformational style.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

129) Leaders with a transformational leadership style and charismatic leaders treat employees the same way.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

130) Charismatic and visionary leadership both involve a vision.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Reflective thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

131) Since charisma is an inborn trait, no efforts have ever been made to train people to be charismatic.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

132) A successful visionary leader "jump-starts" the future.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

133) Team leadership is becoming less important in today's world because teams don't need leaders.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

134) One of the keys to being a good team leader is to know when to leave a team alone.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

135) Experts state that 85 percent of all managers are not natural team leaders.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

136) One specific role of team leadership is that team leaders are troubleshooters.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

137) One reason that empowerment is important in today's business climate is that managers today tend to have smaller spans of control than managers of the past.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

138) In different countries, the most universal aspects of leadership seem to be elements of transactional leadership.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

139) Emotional intelligence (EI) is one of the best predictors of who will emerge as a leader.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Analytical

140) In a short essay, describe transactional and transformational leaders.

When transactional leadership is successful, it can develop into transformational leadership. Transformational leadership stimulates, excites, and, finally, inspires followers to high performance. The inspiration that followers get from a transformational leader is the best kind of inspiration—it retains a critical element so that followers are not merely blindly following their leader (as may occur with a charismatic leader). They are following because they believe in both the leader and the path.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Critical thinking

141) In a short essay, describe two of the four specific leadership roles that team leaders play.

Team leaders function as liaisons with external constituencies. These may include upper management, other organizational work teams, customers, or suppliers. The leader represents the team to other constituencies, secures needed resources, clarifies others' expectations of the team, gathers information from the outside, and shares that information with team members.

Team leaders also function as troubleshooters. When the team has problems and asks for assistance, team leaders sit in on meetings and try to help resolve the problems. Troubleshooting may involve technical or operational issues, although in many cases the team members may know more about the tasks being done than the team leader. The leader is most likely to contribute by asking penetrating questions, helping the team talk through and clarify problems, and getting needed resources to tackle problems.

Team leaders often function as conflict managers. They help identify issues such as the source of the conflict, who is involved, the issues, the resolution options available, and the advantages and disadvantages of each. By getting team members to address questions such as these, the leader minimizes the disruptive aspects of intrateam conflicts.

Team leaders function as coaches. As a coach, a team leader's primary job is to get workers to perform at the highest possible level. Team leaders clarify expectations and roles, teach, offer support, and do whatever else is necessary to help team members keep their work performance high.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Critical thinking

142) In a short essay, discuss how emotional intelligence (EI) affects leadership.

EI has been shown to be positively related to job performance at all levels. When really top performers, so called "star performers" in organizations, are compared with ordinary leaders, the difference between the two categories seems to be almost entirely due to EI factors.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Written and oral communication

LO: 13.4: Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today's leaders.

Question Category: Critical thinking

143) This is the dimension of trust that includes technical skills.

A) integrity

B) loyalty

C) openness

D) competence

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.5: Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

144) This is the dimension of trust that includes how reliable a leader is.

A) integrity

B) competence

C) consistency

D) loyalty

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.5: Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

145) This is the dimension of trust that includes how honest a leader is.

A) integrity

B) openness

C) loyalty

D) competence

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.5: Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

146) Which one of the following is NOT a reason that the importance of trust has increased in today's business climate?

A) Job performance is related to trust.

B) Job satisfaction is related to trust.

C) Only 60 percent of U.S. employees trust their leaders.

D) Downsizing has eroded the faith that workers have in their leaders.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.5: Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

147) Trust is the belief in the integrity, character, and ability of a leader.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.5: Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

148) Of the five dimensions that make up the concept of trust, loyalty seems to be the most critical.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.5: Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.

Question Category: Analytical

149) Follower characteristics such as good attendance, diligence, and technical skill can replace the need for leaders.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 13.5: Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.

Question Category: Analytical