Ch.12 Global Epidemiology Of Cancer Verified Test Bank

Chapter 12. Global Epidemiology of Cancer

Note to instructors: Test banks are given for three sections of chapter 12 (global burden of cancer, cancer risk factors, and prevention).

TEST BANK ON GLOBAL BURDEN OF CANCER

True/False Questions

1. Worldwide, cancer caused 9.6 million deaths in 2018, about 16% of approximately 60 million annual deaths from all causes.
2. Across all age groups, cancer currently ranks third behind cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases as a leading cause of global death.
3. Worldwide, the leading cause of cancer death in men is lung cancer.
4. Worldwide, the leading cause of cancer death in women is lung cancer.
5. In developed nations, the leading cause of cancer death among women is breast cancer.
6. In developing nations, the leading cause of cancer death among women is breast cancer.
7. The leading cause of cancer death among US women is breast cancer.
8. Rates of colon cancer mortality began to decline in US men and women in the 1980s.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What form of cancer shows the greatest decline in mortality in US men and women during the period 1930-2015?
   1. Liver cancer
   2. Colon cancer
   3. Pancreatic cancer
   4. Stomach cancer
2. What form of cancer shows the greatest increase in mortality in US women since 1950?
   1. Breast cancer
   2. Ovarian cancer
   3. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
   4. Lung cancer
3. Colorectal cancer mortality has been decreasing among US women since about:
   1. 1950.
   2. 1960.
   3. 1970.
   4. 1980.
4. Cancer mortality in men exceeds that in women by about:
   1. 20%.
   2. 30%.
   3. 40%.
   4. 50%.
5. Worldwide, the leading cause of cancer death in women is:
   1. lung cancer.
   2. breast cancer.
   3. cervical cancer.
   4. ovarian cancer.
6. What form of cancer causes the most deaths among women in developing countries?
   1. Lung cancer
   2. Breast cancer
   3. Cervical cancer
   4. Ovarian cancer
7. Worldwide, the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women is:
   1. lung cancer.
   2. colon cancer.
   3. pancreatic cancer.
   4. stomach cancer.
8. In developing countries, liver cancer ranks second in causing death from cancer due to relatively high exposure to all of the agents listed below except:
   1. hepatitis B.
   2. hepatitis C.
   3. aflatoxins.
   4. HIV.

Essay Questions

1. Discuss gender differences in cause-specific cancer mortality.

1. Discuss differences in cause-specific cancer mortality in developed versus developing nations.

1. Discuss important time trends in annual cancer mortality rates during the last century in US men.

1. Discuss important time trends in annual cancer mortality rates during the last century in US women.

1. During the 20th century, tobacco addiction caused more than 50 million cancer-related deaths.

2. In the general population, approximately 90% of lung cancers are attributable to cigarette smoking.

3. Passive smoking is not a confirmed risk factor for lung cancer.

4. Linoleic acid, an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid prominent in the US diet has been found to promote tumor growth and development.

5. Linolenic acid, an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid prominent in marine diets, has been found to reduce tumor growth and development.

6. Aflatoxin exposure through ingestion of moldy grain significantly increases the risk of liver cancer.

7. Chronic alcohol abuse heightens the risk of several gastrointestinal cancers including oral cavity cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer.

8. Low dietary fiber has not been etiologically linked to the development of colon cancer.

9. Certain strains of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV 16 and 18) exclusively cause cervical cancer.

10. The leading cause of liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa is alcoholic cirrhosis.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Approximately what percentage of lung cancer is attributable to cigarette smoking?

• 1. 60%
  2. 70%
  3. 80%
  4. 90%

2. Approximately what percentage of cancer mortality is attributable to cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco use?

1. 10%
2. 20%
3. 30%
4. 40%

3. What type of polyunsaturated fat has been linked to tumor development?

1. Linoleic acid
2. Linolenic acid
3. Arachidonic acid
4. Omega-3 fatty acid

4. Ingestion of moldy grain heightens the risk of liver cancer due to exposure to what class of compounds?

• 1. Heterocyclic amines
  2. Aromatic hydrocarbons
  3. Nitrosamines
  4. Aflatoxins

5. In developed countries, approximately what percentage of cancer mortality is attributable to chronic infection?

1. 10%
2. 15%
3. 20%
4. 25%

6. In developing countries, approximately what percentage of cancer mortality is attributable to chronic infection?

1. 10%
2. 15%
3. 20%
4. 25%

7. Women in developing countries have the greatest risk of dying from what form of cancer?

1. Lung cancer
2. Breast cancer
3. Cervical cancer
4. Ovarian cancer

8. What form of cancer causes the most deaths among men living in sub-Saharan Africa?

1. Lung cancer
2. Stomach cancer
3. Lymphoma
4. Kaposi’s sarcoma

Essay Questions

1. Discuss the public health impact of tobacco addiction.

2. What forms of cancer are etiologically linked to chronic cigarette smoking or other forms of tobacco addiction?

3. What classes of carcinogenic agents are found in tobacco smoke?

4. Discuss the role of diet in cancer development.

5. Discuss the role of infectious agents in cancer development.

1. Primary prevention refers to avoidance of exposure to disease-causing risk factors.

2. Secondary prevention refers to screening for the detection of antecedent conditions that predispose to disease and are curable by effective treatment or detection of disease at an early stage when effective treatment is likely to restore health.

3. Tertiary prevention involves behavioral changes that limit the progression of disease and improve the quality of life after diagnosis.

4. Despite intensive medical and public health efforts, cancer has now surpassed cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in people under age 85 years in highly developed nations such as the USA.

5. Vaccination against HPV strains 16 and 18 is not a form of primary prevention.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Secondary screening includes consideration of which of the following factors?

• 1. Validity
  2. Safety
  3. Cost
  4. Acceptability
  5. All of the above are correct.

2. Which of the following is not an example of tertiary prevention?

1. Vaccination
2. Smoking cessation
3. Healthy diet
4. Exercise

3. Approximately what percentage of cancer patients die from their disease in developed countries with effective cancer prevention and treatment services?

1. 50%
2. 60%
3. 70%
4. 80%

4. Approximately what percentage of cancer patients die from their disease in underdeveloped countries without effective cancer prevention and treatment services?

1. 50%
2. 60%
3. 70%
4. 80%

5. Screening has been effective in curbing the mortality from all cancers listed below except

1. breast cancer.
2. cervical cancer.
3. colon cancer.
4. lung cancer.

Essay Questions

1. Discuss strategies for primary cancer prevention.

2. Discuss strategies for secondary cancer prevention.

3. Discuss strategies for tertiary cancer prevention.