Ch.12 Complete Test Bank Social Work With Aging Populations

Chapter 12

Social Work with Aging Populations

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. In 2016, Canadians 65 and older represented ________ of the population.

a) 6.4 per cent

b) 8.4 per cent

c) 10.4 per cent

d) 12.4 per cent

e) 16.9 per cent

2. Aging is often discussed in terms of ________.

a) activity and optimism

b) gains and opportunities

c) vitality and potential

d) wisdom and experience

e) decline and loss

3. The "old-old" are older adults aged ________.

a) 55 and up

b) 85 and up

c) 65 and up

d) 75 and up

e) 80 and up

4. ________ is an example of an activity of daily living for older adults.

a) Bathing

b) Shopping

c) Driving

d) Managing finances

e) All of the above

5. In 2016, ________ had the lowest percentage of the population aged 85 years and older.

a) Yukon

b) Alberta

c) Quebec

d) Nova Scotia

e) Nunavut

6. ________ institutes a means test and fees for some home care services based on income.

a) British Columbia

b) Ontario

c) Quebec

d) Manitoba

e) Yukon

7. Congregate living arrangements for semi-autonomous older adults are only offered privately in ________.

a) Ontario

b) Alberta

c) British Columbia

d) Quebec

e) none of the above

8. Most home care programs across Canada provide ________.

a) personal care

b) medical care

c) assistance with meal preparation

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

9. Just over ________ of older adults in Canada are members of a visible minority group.

a) 9 per cent

b) 11 per cent

c) 13 per cent

d) 15 per cent

e) 17 per cent

10. The largest population of older French-speaking Canadians living outside of Quebec resides in ________.

a) Nova Scotia

b) Alberta

c) Ontario

d) Saskatchewan

e) Newfoundland

11. According to the General Social Survey (2012), approximately________ of older adults between 65 and 74 years of age were dependent on others for assistance with activities of daily living.

a) 4 per cent

b) 10 per cent

c) 15 per cent

d) 1 per cent

e) 21 per cent

12. ________ is NOT an assumption of the successful aging paradigm.

a) Individuals can prevent disease

b) Individuals can minimize functional decline

c) Societies can interfere with aging successfully

d) Keeping engaged in later life can prevent decline

e) Keeping active, healthy, and positive can support mental health

13. The selective optimization with compensation model presumes that when facing decline, individuals should ________.

a) push themselves harder

b) continue to engage with life

c) exercise more frequently

d) accept assistance

e) focus on doing fewer activities well

14. Mood disorders in later life are ________.

a) treatable

b) common

c) a normal part of aging

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

15. Cohort refers to ________.

a) persons born at the same historical time

b) persons who cope with life events in the same way

c) persons who share a racial identity

d) persons who share common values

e) persons who share a similar economic status

16. The selective optimization with compensation model of aging advocates for ________.

a) compensation

b) selection

c) optimization

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

17. According to Erikson's traditional model of developmental psychology, elderhood is characterized by ________.

a) accepting immortality

b) introspection

c) achieving integrity

d) despair

e) all of the above

18. Canada's pension system has ________ tiers.

a) five

b) four

c) three

d) two

e) six

19. Eligibility for Old Age Security benefits in Canada is based on ________.

a) age

b) contributions

c) workforce exit

d) marital status

e) life expectancy

20. To be eligible for full Old Age Security benefits, older adults must have resided in Canada as adults for at least ________ years.

a) 10

b) 20

c) 30

d) 40

e) 50

21. ________ would be affected least if the Canadian government decided to increase the age of eligibility for Old Age Security and Guaranteed Income Supplement benefits.

a) Older adults with low income

b) Single older women

c) Older adults with high income

d) Persons with disabilities

e) Indigenous people

22. The spousal benefit attached to the Canada Pension Plan extended benefits to same-sex couples in ________.

a) 1995

b) 2000

c) 1990

d) 2005

e) 2010

23. Older adults who are new to homelessness in later life differ from those who have grown old homeless in terms of ________.

a) demographics

b) access to specialized homelessness services

c) access to health services

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

24. Approximately ________ of Canadians have private retirement savings or a private workplace pension plan.

a) 10 per cent

b) 15 per cent

c) 20 per cent

d) 25 per cent

e) 38 per cent

25. Mandatory retirement was recognized as a violation of the Canadian Human Rights Act for federal employees in ________.

a) 2000

b) 2005

c) 2007

d) 2012

e) 2010

26. Approximately ________ of all jobs held by Canadians 55 and older are non-standard.

a) 50 per cent

b) 10 per cent

c) 25 per cent

d) 15 per cent

e) 75 per cent

27. ________ of recipients of home care are over the age of 65.

a) 50 per cent

b) 55 per cent

c) 60 per cent

d) 70 per cent

e) 75 per cent

28. ________ is NOT a key service of Canadian long-term care services for older adults.

a) Community support services

b) Facility-based long-term care

c) Supportive/assisted living arrangements

d) Home care

e) Family care

29. Community support services for older adults are financially sustained by ________.

a) provincial/territorial base funding

b) user fees

c) volunteerism

d) fundraising

e) all of the above

30. For older adults, relocation to facility-based long-term care encompasses ________ phases.

a) two

b) three

c) four

d) five

e) six

31. ________ is NOT a component of the World Health Organization's definition of elder abuse.

a) a single act of harm or distress

b) a lack of action that causes harm or distress

c) a violation by someone in a position of trust

d) a violation by a stranger

e) a repeated act of harm or distress

32. ________ of Canadian seniors experience some type of abuse.

a) 4—10 per cent

b) 2—6 per cent

c) 10—15 per cent

d) 15—20 per cent

e) More than 20 per cent

33. If an older adult is showing signs of dependency, depression, and poor personal hygiene, he or she may be a victim of ________.

a) physical abuse

b) sexual abuse

c) financial abuse

d) psychological abuse

e) organizational abuse

34. World Elder Abuse Awareness Day is held annually on ________.

a) June 15

b) July 15

c) September 15

d) October 15

e) November 15

35. ________ has been considered a cause of elder abuse.

a) Caregiver stress

b) Conjugal violence grown old

c) Reverse abuse from a child who was him/herself abused

d) both B and C

e) all of the above

36. Adult protection legislation has been critiqued for ________.

a) failing to provide options for abused or neglected older adults to voluntarily accept services

b) dealing only with abusive situations involving physical harm

c) infantilizing older adults

d) perpetuating abusive situations

e) failing to protect older adults deemed incapable of making decisions

37. Approximately ________ of the older adults living in Nunavut are Indigenous.

a) 60 per cent

b) 70 per cent

c) 50 per cent

d) 90 per cent

e) 80 per cent

38. Many non-standard jobs that older adults accept offer ________.

a) job security

b) high wages

c) more opportunity for training and career progression

d) more exposure to health and safety risks in the workplace

e) greater control over workplace conditions

39. ________ is a macro theory of aging that helps to inform how social structures shape individual experiences of aging.

a) The life-course perspective

b) The successful aging paradigm

c) Activity theory

d) Developmental psychology

e) The selective optimization with compensation model

40. The political economy of aging theory emphasizes that ________.

a) human agency is important to the experience of aging

b) the aging of society will be economically burdensome

c) policies can create age inequalities

d) politics and old age are mutually exclusive

e) all of the above

41. Macro theories of aging are useful to social workers because ________.

a) they highlight how intersectional identities shape aging experiences

b) they provide a lens through which to examine issues of equity and access for different groups of older adults

c) they help social workers work toward more socially just policies, programs, and services

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

42. Signs of late life onset depression include ________.

a) frequent visits to family doctors with no resolution

b) functional decline with no explained cause

c) frequent health worries

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

43. A timeline is a clinical tool informed by ________.

a) developmental psychology

b) the life-course perspective

c) activity theory

d) the selective optimization with compensation model

e) the successful aging paradigm

44. To receive partial benefits from Old Age Security, older adults must have resided in Canada for ________.

a) 10 years

b) 15 years

c) 20 years

d) 40 years

e) 30 years

45. The Canadian government has plans to increase the age of eligibility for Old Age Security and the Guaranteed Income Supplement to ________.

a) 66 years

b) 67 years

c) 68 years

d) 69 years

e) There are no plans to increase the age of eligibility.

46. Older adults who have lived in Canada for less than 20 years are ________.

a) at heightened risk of living in poverty

b) eligible for specialized services

c) highly dependent on health and social services

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

47. Homeless adults are considered "old" at approximately ________.

a) 45 years

b) 55 years

c) 60 years

d) 50 years

e) 40 years

48. Current reforms to the CPP/QPP serve to ________.

a) incentivize continued engagement in the workforce

b) encourage older adults to retire early

c) equalize payments to persons in more economically disadvantaged positions

d) both B and C

e) both A and C

49. ________ are congregate living facilities for older adults who require minimal personal assistance and can direct their own care.

a) Nursing homes

b) Supportive/assisted living arrangements

c) Residential-care facilities

d) Community support services

e) Long-term care homes

50. ________ is NOT a way to support older adults' adjustment to long-term care.

a) Providing opportunities to process feelings about long-term care

b) Visiting available facilities

c) Spending time orienting new residents

d) Setting new routines and rituals for residents

e) Treating family members as partners in care

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. Issues of aging and older adults are linked with child welfare, corrections, community development and activism, substance use, mental health, health care, homelessness, and interpersonal violence.

2. The lower percentage of older adults over 65 years of age in Nunavut, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories compared to other Canadian provinces is due to a higher birth rate.

3. The percentage of the population aged 85 and up in Canada is declining.

4. All members of the baby boom generation are now over 65.

5. Older French-speaking Canadians living outside of Quebec are more vulnerable to poverty and poor health than their English-speaking counterparts.

6. The life-course perspective is an example of a critical theory of aging.

7. Assumptions from the successful aging paradigm are prevalent in the media.

8. The majority of Canadian workers have a workplace pension plan or private retirement savings through RRSPs.

9. Recent amendments to the Canada Pension Plan encourage people to stay in the workforce longer.

10. Home care is not a long-term care service.

11. Access to home-care services across Canada is needs-based, with no user fees attached.

12. Ageism contributes to the prevalence of elder abuse.

13. Canada's rural population is older than its urban population.

14. An older adult who resided in Canada for 5 years in youth and 5 years in adulthood will not be eligible to receive Old Age Security at 65.

15. In 2012, federally regulated employers set a mandatory retirement age, which forces older workers to exit the workforce.

16. Canada recently adopted a national home-care policy.

17. The incidence of late-life homelessness is on the rise in Canada.

18. In Quebec, access to home-care programs is based on a means test and fees for some services based on income.

19. Government funding to home care in recent years has targeted long-term home care.

20. Retirement homes have been integrated into the public system in all provinces.

21. Older Canadians with a higher level of formal education appear to be more aware of the community services available to them as they age.

22. The majority of Canadians 85 and older relocate to a nursing home at some point in old age.

23. To be eligible for full Old Age Security and Guaranteed Income Supplement benefits, older adults must have resided in Canada as adults for 40+ years.

24. The existing stigma attached to facility-based long-term care for older adults makes relocation difficult for residents and families.

25. Adults 65 and over tend to report improved mood as they age.

26. Older Canadians who have immigrated to Canada from non-French or -English speaking countries tend to refuse to relocate to long-term care primarily because they believe their families should look after them.

27. Older adults who enter homelessness in late life typically become homeless rapidly.

28. Each province/territory has its own strategy to address elder abuse.

29. Placing surveillance cameras in long-term care homes so that families can monitor for elder abuse is illegal in Canada.

30. Prohibiting mandatory retirement in Canada has prevented all instances of forced retirement.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What are the differences between micro theories of aging and macro theories of aging?

2. What are the three tiers of Canada's pension system? Briefly describe each.

3. What are the different ways older adults may be forced into retirement?

4. How can a work history in non-standard employment affect older adults' aging experiences?

5. How does residing in a rural setting impact older adults' experiences of aging?

6. What are some of the barriers to treating low mood in old age?

7. What are the phases of the relocation process to facility-based long-term care? Briefly describe each.

8. What are the possible signs of financial abuse of an older adult?

9. What is adult protective legislation? How can it be used?

10. How does the theory of caregiver stress explain the cause of and solutions to elder abuse?

11. What is institutional abuse, and what are some of the causes of this form of elder abuse?

12. What forms of elder abuse did Walsh and colleagues (2007) identify when speaking to older adults from different social locations?

13. How might a social worker in child welfare encounter work with older adults?

14. What are some of the causes of the aging of the Canadian population?

15. What are some of the ways older adults contribute to society?

16. What is ageism?

17. What are some of the benefits of ethno-specific nursing homes?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. What are some of the negative images associated with aging? How might these images impact older adults?

2. What are some of the differences in the provision of long-term care services across Canada? How do those differences impact older adults and their families?

3. How does ageism contribute to elder abuse?

4. How do different theories of aging lead to different approaches and understandings of older adults' needs?

5. What are the pros and cons of increasing the age of retirement in Canada?

6. What is the dependency ratio and how can it perpetuate negative images of aging?

7. Discuss how different pathways into late life homelessness can lead to the need for divergent interventions.

8. How is the belief that depression is a normal part of aging problematic?