International Social Work Chapter 13 Exam Prep

Chapter 13

International Social Work

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The definition of international social work is that ________.

a) it constitutes only case management work

b) there is no single, accepted definition of international social work or universal use of the concept

c) it constitutes only social work policy

d) international social work in low-income countries should be developed by social workers from the Global North

e) the only way to really be involved with international social work is to work with child soldiers

2. ________ refers to an analysis of the contemporary world that sees the national economic, political, social, and cultural systems as having become increasingly integrated.

a) Glocalization

b) Professional imperialism

c) Human rights

d) North—South divide

e) Globalization

3. Social workers working for a United Nations—affiliated non-governmental organization are NOT typically engaged with ________.

a) the status of women

b) poverty

c) human rights

d) maximizing profit

e) migration

4. ________ is identified as a "Eurocentric" practice.

a) Indigenization

b) Authentization

c) Universalism

d) Cultural relativism

e) all of the above

5. ________ refers to the basic rights and freedoms that all people are entitled to regardless of their identity (race, sexual orientation, religion, etc.).

a) Human rights

b) Globalization

c) Indigenization

d) Civil society

e) Civil rights

6. ________, formed at the end of World War II, serves as the primary institution for nations to work toward peace and development, justice, and human dignity.

a) Save the Children

b) Oxfam

c) Multilateral organizations

d) Global Affairs Canada

e) The United Nations

7. ________ is NOT a faith-based organization.

a) Canadian Jewish Humanitarian and Relief Committee

b) Islamic Relief Canada

c) World Vision Canada

d) Canadian Lutheran World Relief

e) All of the above are faith-based organizations.

8. ________ have been deemed invisible in research on child soldiers.

a) Children with physical disabilities

b) Girls

c) Boys

d) Children who want to join rebel groups

e) Refugee children

9. ________ refers to the adoption and adaptation of theories and practices in social work that are relevant to the local context.

a) Indigenization

b) Universalism

c) Exportation

d) Eurocentrism

e) Neoliberalism

10. ________ is NOT known to be a component of non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

a) Promoting the interests of the poor

b) Protecting the environment

c) Providing basic social services

d) Working specifically in countries that were colonized

e) Undertaking community development

11. For the most part, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) focus on ________.

a) universalism and neoliberalism

b) social development and humanitarian aid

c) cultural relativism and Eurocentric approaches

d) unemployment and exoticizing the local populations

e) working with male child soldiers and the "export" model

12. The International Federation of Social Workers' (IFSW) statement on ethical principles ________.

a) encourages social workers across the world to reflect on challenges and dilemmas that affect them and make ethically informed decisions

b) encourages social workers to utilize a universalistic stance when working internationally

c) states that social workers should not work internationally as there are too many barriers in the way of performing ethical work

d) encourages social workers to join the IFSW

e) The IFSW does not address ethical principles, which is a major problem.

13. Criticisms of universalistic approaches to international social work do NOT include ________.

a) that they are Eurocentric

b) that they were criticized by Asian, African, and Indigenous Canadian social workers

c) that they fail to encompass various social work principles in the Global South

d) that they do not focus enough on Western concepts of social work

e) that they reflect the dominance of the Global North

14. ________ continues to chair the Group of Friends on Children and Armed Conflict.

a) Sweden

b) The United States

c) Canada

d) Australia

e) England

15. Professional imperialism means that ________.

a) international social workers are obligated to enter a country and act as though they are experts

b) in order to ethically practise international social work, it is important that social workers from the Global North develop programs in countries from the Global South

c) the spread of the social work profession from countries of the Global North to other countries reflected the colonial and post-colonial political and economic structures within which it was practised

d) the Global South demanded that social workers from the Global North come help them with the social work profession

e) none of the above

16. The "export model" remains a barrier to support for international social work because ________.

a) it does not critically examine issues of power within historical, cultural, and political frameworks

b) it may reproduce oppressive, imperialistic relationships with regards to Northern and Southern countries whose relationship has been historically based on colonialism

c) it can perpetuate colonial and post-colonial relationships by utilizing a universalist approach

d) it is a form of "professional imperialism"

e) all of the above

17. In some countries, female child soldiers are present in ________.

a) paramilitaries

b) militias

c) armed opposition groups

d) government forces

e) all of the above

18. ________ is concerned with processes of change that lead to improvements in human well-being, social relations, and social institutions that are compatible with democratic governance and social justice.

a) Human rights

b) Social development

c) Reintegration

d) Cultural relativism

e) Civil society

19. ________ would NOT be considered child soldiers.

a) Fighters

b) Cooks

c) Porters

d) Messengers

e) All of the above would be considered child soldiers.

20. ________ is NOT a dimension of Healy's (2001) definition of international social work.

a) Internationally informed domestic practice and advocacy

b) Professional exchange

c) Exportation of Global North social work practice

d) International practice

e) International policy formulation and advocacy

21. Multilateral organizations are ________.

a) private organizations that pursue activities to relieve suffering

b) social work organizations that have offices all across the world

c) organizations involved in public life that express the interests and values of their members

d) organizations formed between three or more nations to work on issues that relate to all of the countries in the organization

e) organizations from the Global North that work domestically

22. ________ refers to a process of developing theories and practices for social work that are derived out of the realities of the local context.

a) Authentization

b) Universalism

c) Cultural relativism

d) Demobilization

e) Globalization

23. The UN does NOT consider ________ to be a grave violation against children in armed conflict.

a) killing or maiming children

b) sexual violence against children

c) not providing children with entertainment

d) abduction of children

e) attacks against schools or hospitals

24. One way in which faith-based organizations differ from secular organizations is that ________.

a) faith-based organizations function exactly the same as secular organizations

b) faith-based organizations are motivated by their faith and have a broader constituency

c) faith-based organizations do not work internationally

d) faith-based organizations only work with child soldiers

e) faith-based organizations view religion as an independent attribute that is not incorporated into the organization's overall framework

25. ________ is best defined as a set of economic policies whereby the control of economic factors is shifted from the public sector to the private sector.

a) Civil society

b) Glocalization

c) Globalization

d) Non-governmental organization (NGO)

e) Neoliberalism

26. Key reasons why international social work practice is becoming vital for all social workers do NOT include ________.

a) that social problems are shared by both more and less economically developed countries

b) that the actions of one country directly or indirectly impact the social and economic well-being of others

c) that advances in technology and communications have created enhanced opportunities for international and community sharing and exchanges

d) that social workers have solved many of the issues in the Global North and now need to focus on the Global South

e) that social justice and human rights are a global necessity and concern

27. ________ is a component of the UN's protocol when working with child soldiers following participation in war.

a) Demobilization

b) Neoliberalism

c) Export model

d) Social development

e) Relocation

28. ________ are NOT considered an interest or value of civil society.

a) Ethical considerations

b) Universal considerations

c) Political considerations

d) Religious considerations

e) Philanthropic considerations

29. A professional obligation for social workers working internationally is to ________.

a) ask themselves questions such as "Why here?" and "Why now?"

b) meticulously research the contexts in which they will be working

c) engage in a deeper analysis of the construction of their own national identity

d) be cognizant of the potential to reproduce oppressive, imperialistic relationships

e) all of the above

30. Today, Canada's lead governmental agency for international development assistance is ________.

a) Oxfam

b) International Social Service

c) the Canadian Council for Refugees

d) Global Affairs Canada

e) the Canadian International Development Agency

31. Bauman (1998) used the term ________ to argue that globalization should be understood as linking global and local processes.

a) universalism

b) glocalization

c) globalization

d) neoliberalism

e) authentization

32. ________ is NOT a component of the UN, INGOs, NGOs, and faith-based organizations.

a) Neoliberalism

b) Humanitarian aid

c) Social development

d) Advocacy

e) Research

33. ________ is a global organization striving for social justice, human rights, and social development through the promotion of social work, best practice models, and the facilitation of international cooperation.

a) The International Association of Schools of Social Work

b) The International Council on Social Welfare

c) The International Federation of Social Workers

d) The United Nations Economic and Social Council

e) The United Nations Interregional Consultation on Developmental Social Welfare Policies and Programs

34. ________ took place for the first time in 1928 and consisted of 2,500 participants from 42 countries.

a) The development of the United Nations

b) The drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

c) The exportation of Global North social work practice to the Global South

d) The First International Conference of Social Work

e) The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

35. Non-governmental organizations working at the individual level with former child soldiers are most concerned with ________.

a) issues of poverty

b) societal issues affecting the former child soldier

c) individual forms of psychosocial support

d) issues of governance

e) the implementation of children's rights at the governmental level

36. When working internationally, social workers would benefit from ________.

a) an understanding of power and how globalization shapes the relationships between the Global South and Global North

b) knowledge of social welfare activities of major world organizations, including the UN

c) knowledge of basic concepts of social development

d) an understanding of the social impacts of global interdependence

e) all of the above

37. A future challenge of international social work is to ________.

a) convince the Global South that Global North social work practices should be made universal

b) convince the United Nations that indigenous forms of knowledge and practice are a panacea

c) continue professional imperialism, which is warranted by the Global South

d) address the tension between establishing universal principles of social work through international collaboration, research, and practice while respecting indigenous uniqueness, distinct local traditions, and cultural strength

e) solve the widespread problems of poverty and famine

38. Global Affairs Canada is an example of ________.

a) the United Nations

b) a government agency

c) an international NGO (INGO)

d) a non-governmental organization (NGO)

e) a faith-based organization (FBO)

39. An unprecedented ________ was developed by the UN Security Council to gather information on grave violations against children in armed conflict.

a) monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM)

b) demobilization initiative

c) reintegration initiative

d) international NGO

e) International Conference on War Affected Children

40. ________ marks the onset of a full focus on Indigenous Peoples within the UN.

a) The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

b) The Special Rapporteur report on discrimination against Indigenous populations

c) The Working Group on Indigenous Populations

d) The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

e) none of the above

41. ________ was NOT one of the four votes against the adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

a) Canada

b) The United States

c) Mexico

d) Australia

e) New Zealand

42. ________ is the only country that has implemented the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples into its constitution.

a) Bolivia

b) Canada

c) Australia

d) Chile

e) both A and B

43. The UNDRIP challenged previous concepts of ________.

a) self-determination

b) colonialism

c) neoliberalism

d) terra nullius

e) national sovereignty

44. UNICEF is an example of a(n) ________.

a) multilateral organization

b) non-governmental organization (NGO)

c) international NGO

d) faith-based organization

e) government agency

45. The definition of a child soldier does NOT include ________.

a) boys and girls

b) taking an active part in the hostilities

c) recruited or used by an armed force or armed group

d) below 18 years of age

e) both A and B

46. In recent conflicts in Africa, girls are said to have comprised ________ per cent of all child combatants.

a) 10-20

b) 20-30

c) 30-40

d) 40-50

e) 0-10

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. The plight of girl child soldiers has been well documented historically in scholarly research and policy.

2. Multilateral organizations are formed between three or more nations to work on issues related to all of the countries in the organization.

3. Universalism and cultural relativism are two nearly identical international social work concepts in which culture is seen as most important.

4. Since colonialism no longer exists, a social worker from the Global North need not critically reflect on power within historical, cultural, and political frameworks in contexts that are not his or her own.

5. Professional imperialism refers to the spread of the social work profession from countries of the Global North to other countries that reflects the colonial and post-colonial political and economic structures within which it was practised.

6. Human rights are defined as the processes of change that lead to improvements in human well-being, social relations, and social institutions that are equitable, sustainable, and compatible with principles of democratic governance and social justice.

7. Uncritical export of social work concepts and relationships based on superior—inferior status has created distrust of internationalism, much as the negative effects of globalization on poorer peoples and countries have created resistance.

8. Both the Canadian government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have played important roles in issues related to children in armed conflict.

9. Although usually having religious names (e.g., Canadian Lutheran World Relief), faith-based organizations see religion as an independent attribute that is not fully incorporated into the organization.

10. Although several definitions exist, there is no singular, accepted universal definition of "international social work."

11. In international social work, professional exchange refers to the capacity to exchange social work information and experiences internationally and to use the knowledge and experience to improve social work practice at home.

12. Private organizations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interests of the poor, protect the environment, provide basic social services, or undertake community development are referred to as social development organizations.

13. An example of the "export model" of international social work is indigenization.

14. In international social work, proponents of authentization believe that all members of the human family share the same inalienable rights and that culture is irrelevant to the validity of moral rights and rules.

15. Neoliberalism refers to a set of economic policies whereby the control of economic factors is shifted from the public sector to the private sector.

16. The First International Conference of Social Work took place in Canada in 2010.

17. Globalization is a concept that refers to an analysis of the contemporary world that sees the national economic, political, social, and cultural systems as having become increasingly integrated.

18. The North—South divide is a term used to indicate the socio-economic and political divisions that exist between the wealthy developed countries (Global North) and the poorer developing countries (Global South).

19. An international non-governmental organization (INGO) normally has a vastly different mission to an NGO, besides its international scope and having many offices around the world.

20. A criticism of a universalist approach to international social work, which could have come from Asia or the Pacific Islands, states that the ethical principles of universalism are inherently Eurocentric and reflect the dominance of the Global North.

21. Two questions international social workers need to ask themselves are "Does international social work ultimately bring forth a good or desirable outcome?" and "Does international social work promote the empowerment and the best interests of those it serves?"

22. One reason that international social work practice is vital for social workers is that with the movement of populations, there has been a change in the makeup of social work agency caseloads that has affected domestic practice in many countries, including Canada.

23. Social workers working with child soldiers should always practise from a universalist approach, as all child soldiers have gone through the same experience.

24. International social workers need not develop a practice of ongoing reflexivity concerning the theoretical, ethical, and value dimensions in international practice – as long as they are reflexive once, they will develop ethical practices.

25. After the First International Conference of Social Work took place in the 1920s, The International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) was formed.

26. Child soldiery is an exclusively male phenomenon.

27. Canada was one of four countries to initially vote against the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

28. The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples supports the principle of terra nullius.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What are multilateral organizations? Provide two examples.

2. How do international faith-based organizations differ from NGOs or INGOs? Provide two examples of faith-based organizations.

3. What is the difference between globalization and glocalization?

4. What is the North—South divide? Provide an example of one country from the Global North and one from the Global South.

5. After which war was the United Nations formed? What is its main objective?

6. The United Nations reports on six grave violations against children in armed conflict. What are four of them?

7. What are indigenization and authentization? How might they be helpful when working cross-culturally?

8. The expansion of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in development and relief efforts has been linked to several factors. What are two of those factors?

9. What is a non-governmental organization? Name two Canadian NGOs that work on international social work issues.

10. What were the three patterns of the evolution of international social work?

11. When did the First International Conference of Social Work take place? What were two organizations that developed after that first conference?

12. Although a singular, accepted, universal definition of "international social work" is non-existent, what do most definitions of international social work have in common?

13. Why has much of the scholarly and policy literature portrayed child soldiery as a uniquely male phenomenon? Is it true that females are simply not child soldiers? Explain.

14. What is civil society?

15. What is professional imperialism in international social work?

16. What are three examples of UN international policies advocating for Indigenous Peoples?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. Describe the demobilization and reintegration process for child soldiers. Are there any Canadian organizations that work with former child soldiers? If so, what are they?

2. Compare and contrast universalism and cultural relativism in relation to international social work. Be sure to provide strengths and weaknesses of both philosophies and discuss how they impact contemporary international social work. Include concepts of "Eurocentrism," "indigenization," and "authentization."

3. Define "child soldiers" and explain the issue of "invisibility" for female child soldiers.