Ch10 Test Bank Body Weight And Composition For Health And

Nutrition for Health, Fitness & Sport, 12e (Williams)

Chapter 10 Body Weight and Composition for Health and Sport

1) In the United States, approximately ________ out of ten adults are overweight or obese.

A) seven

B) six

C) five

D) four

2) As a person overeats, excess energy may be stored in adipose tissue. The increase in the number of adipocytes, or fat cells, is called ________.

A) hyperplasia

B) hypertrophy

C) adaptive thermogenesis

D) absorptiometry

3) When calculating a person's body mass index (BMI), which of the following factors are a part of that calculation?

A) Height and weight

B) Weight, height, and gender

C) Age, gender, height, and weight

D) Height, weight, and body composition

4) John-Paul has a BMI of 28.5, which is considered ________.

A) overweight

B) normal weight

C) obese class I

D) obese class II

5) The fat necessary for normal functioning of the brain, nerve tissue, heart tissue, and cell membranes is called ________.

A) essential fat

B) subcutaneous fat

C) visceral fat

D) cellulite

6) Having too much ________ fat has been associated with an increase in health risks, such as heart disease and certain types of cancer.

A) visceral

B) subcutaneous

C) essential

D) cellulite

7) Creeping obesity is caused by ________.

A) an increased consumption of kcal, in particular, dietary fat

B) a decreased level of physical activity

C) a genetic predisposition to obesity

D) a combination of an increased consumption of kcal and a decreased level of physical activity

8) Most obesity scientists support a multicausal theory involving the interaction of a number of genetic and environmental factors. Which of the following statements does NOT support the research evidence for genetic factors?

A) There is a greater relationship between children and their adoptive parents, as compared to their biological parents, when considering morbid obesity

B) Genetic heritability of obesity approximates 25–40 percent

C) The "thrifty gene" is a term scientists have coined to indicate an increased energy efficiency in the obese to conserve energy

D) A predisposition to sweet, high-fat foods, impaired hormonal functions, and a smaller percentage of slow twitch muscle fibers have all been implicated in the development of obesity

9) It is common for older adults to experience ________, the age-related loss of muscle mass.

A) sarcopenia

B) cheilosis

C) cellulite

D) adiposity

10) Which of the following statements is correct for the deposition of fat in the human body?

A) Hypertrophy is an increase in the number of fat cells

B) When body fat is lost, fat cells become empty and disintegrate

C) Existing fat cells have a maximal size potential, which when exceeded may stimulate the formation of new fat cells

D) Individuals without a genetic predisposition to become obese will not develop this health problem

11) You are conducting a research study that involves evaluating the body composition of triathletes. Which of the following methods would you select based on its high accuracy?

A) Air displacement plethysmography

B) Skinfold thickness

C) Bioelectrical impedance analysis

D) Infrared interactance

12) There are multiple methods to evaluate body composition. One of those methods involves the use of a low-voltage current and attaching electrodes to a person's hands and feet to measure the resistance to the current. This technique is called ________.

A) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

B) dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA)

C) air displacement plethysmography

D) anthropometry

13) You work in a healthcare facility that evaluates waist circumference as part of regular physical examinations. Waist circumference can be useful as it is a good screening technique for evaluating ________.

A) regional fat distribution

B) visceral fat

C) subcutaneous fat

D) essential fat

14) Brent is a 22-year-old male with a body fat of 9%, which is considered ________.

A) excellent

B) very lean

C) good

D) fair

15) Alexia is a 35-year-old female with a body fat of 34%, which is considered ________.

A) very poor

B) poor

C) good

D) fair

16) The ________ is often referred to as the "hunger center," regulating appetite and promoting food intake or satiety.

A) hypothalamus

B) pancreas

C) liver

D) appendix

17) Which of the following statements about brown adipose tissue (BAT) is false?

A) There is more BAT in the human body than white adipose tissue (WAT)

B) BAT has a higher thermogenic activity than white adipose tissue (WAT)

C) BAT cells have multiple mitochondria

D) BAT contains uncoupling proteins, which disrupt normal ATP formation

18) By engaging in regular physical activity, a person can promote the "browning" of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue. 

19) Which of the following hormones or neuropeptides is secreted from the adipose tissue and inhibits appetite?

A) Leptin

B) Peptide YY

C) Amylin

D) Cortisol

20) Which of the following hormones or neuropeptides is secreted from the gastrointestinal tract and stimulates appetite?

A) Ghrelin

B) Peptide YY

C) Glucagon

D) Cortisol

21) All of the following hormones or neuropeptides inhibit appetite except ________.

A) neuropeptide Y

B) leptin

C) insulin

D) amylin

22) Which of the following is NOT a genetic factor that has been implicated in the development of obesity?

A) Increased resting energy expenditure (REE)

B) Decreased levels of growth hormone

C) Leptin resistance

D) Lower levels of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

23) Which of the following is a genetic factor that has been implicated in the development of obesity?

A) Lower rate of fat oxidation

B) High plasma leptin concentrations

C) Fewer number of white fat cells

D) Increased thermic effect of food (TEF)

24) Mumin is a 40-year-old female who has been slowly gaining weight over the past decade. Which of the following environmental factors may be contributing to this unwanted weight gain?

A) Physical inactivity

B) Poor sleep habits

C) Frequent consumption of high-fat, high-kcal foods

D) All of the choices are correct.

25) Obesity increases the risk for each of the following health problems except ________.

A) type 1 diabetes

B) gallstones

C) osteoarthritis

D) hypertension

26) Which of the following statements about android-type obesity is false?

A) More common in females than males

B) Characterized by accumulation of fat in abdominal area

C) Also called "apple-shape" obesity

D) May accumulate as a result of overproduction of cortisol

27) Gynoid-type obesity is more common in females and results in accumulation of fat primarily in the hips, buttocks, and thighs.

28) Nancy's physician recently told her she had metabolic syndrome. She is unfamiliar with this term and wants to know more information about the syndrome. All of the following are symptoms of metabolic syndrome except ________.

A) increased HDL-cholesterol

B) insulin resistance

C) hypertension

D) increased small, dense LDL-cholesterol

29) Zoe's resting blood pressure of 115/80 mmHg and her fasting blood triglyerides are 140 mg/dL. Based on her blood pressure and blood triglycerides, Zoe has metabolic syndrome.

30) Weight-loss medications ________.

A) are presently used only to stimulate weight loss in those individuals designated as clinically obese

B) suppress the appetite by influencing various neurotransmitters in the peripheral tissues and increasing energy expenditure in the hypothalamus

C) cease to be effective upon cessation of use of the drugs if lifestyle is not changed

D) although controversial, are not associated with adverse side effects even when long-term use is monitored

31) Which of the following statements is true for anorexia nervosa?

A) Fifty-five to sixty-five percent of those affected are young females, usually under the age of 18

B) The person with the highest probability of developing this disease is a perfectionistic and self-critical individual who comes from a middle to low socioeconomic status, possibly being raised in an unstructured home environment

C) There is a set diagnostic criteria for this disease developed by the American Psychiatric Association

D) Medical consequences of this disease might include an enlarged heart due to cardiovascular stress, but treatment is usually simple and short-term

32) Which of the following statements about bulimia nervosa is false?

A) Involves refusal to eat enough kcal to maintain a normal body weight

B) Characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, at least one per week for three months

C) Involves regular use of self-induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives

D) Individual has a persistent concern with body weight and body shape

33) Eating until uncomfortably full, eating when not hungry, eating alone, and feeling disgusted, depressed, or guilty after eating are characteristics most common of ________.

A) binge eating disorder

B) bulimia nervosa

C) anorexia nervosa

D) orthorexia

34) A person with ________ has an altered perception of their body image. Despite working out daily, this individual looks in the mirror and has a perception that their body lacks muscle definition and the muscles are weak.

A) muscle dysmorphia

B) bulimia nervosa

C) orthorexia nervosa

D) drunkorexia

35) In anorexia athletica, what begins as a means to control weight for athletic competition on a short-term basis may develop into a long-term medical problem. Which of the following statements about anorexia athletica is true?

A) Decreased fat levels may lead to a decreased production of progesterone, which will impair bone tissue formation and thus result in osteoporosis

B) Amenorrheic athletes have low bone-density levels in non-weight-bearing bones, such as the spine, and are more prone to musculoskeletal injuries

C) Approximately 20–40 percent of female athletes involved in sports such as gymnastics and distance running exhibit diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa

D) Disordered eating appears to be found only in female athletes and has led to the female athlete triad

36) Which of the following is not one of the primary components to the female athlete triad?

A) Purging or use of laxatives

B) Disordered eating

C) Amenorrhea

D) Osteoporosis

37) The most highly successful regimen for the treatment of anorexia nervosa involves ________.

A) forced tube feeding and isolation from the family

B) the use of diuretics and lithium

C) therapy for the individual and the family and comprehensive medical care

D) dietary counseling on an outpatient basis

E) establish a binge syndrome

38) Regional fat distribution (the distribution of body fat such as the apple or pear shape), may have implications for the development of chronic diseases. Which two diseases may be associated with upper body or abdominal fat, the apple shape?

A) Cancer and osteoporosis

B) Gout and anemia

C) Emphysema and cirrhosis of the kidney

D) Schizophrenia and apoplexy

E) Heart disease and diabetes

39) Anorexia athletica is most common in which of the following sports?

A) Gymnastics and dance

B) Soccer and field hockey

C) Lacrosse and rugby

D) Tennis and golf

40) The set-point theory of weight control is based upon a feedback system, suggesting that the individual is programmed to be a certain body weight and that the body will always attempt to maintain that weight by regulating hunger and metabolism. What part of the body is believed to be the regulatory center for the control of the various feedback mechanisms?

A) Liver receptors

B) Blood receptors in the kidney

C) Receptors in the hypothalamus in the brain

D) Receptors in the small intestine where absorption takes place

41) Although there is error associated with the prediction of body fat percentages from all measurement techniques currently being used in most fitness facilities and research laboratories, which of the following is believed to be the most accurate measure of body composition?

A) Skinfold technique using the sum of seven skinfolds

B) Multicomponent technique using several methods

C) Determination of the body mass index, or BMI

D) Use of the body circumference technique

42) Bulimia nervosa is found ________.

A) only in those with anorexia nervosa

B) only in extremely underweight individuals

C) only in normal weight individuals

D) in individuals across the body weight spectrum

43) Which of the following is considered an environmental factor associated with obesity?

A) Physical inactivity

B) Hormonal imbalance

C) Disorder in the brain's hunger and satiety centers

D) Lower basal metabolic rate

44) Excess body fat would be least detrimental to performance in which of the following athletes?

A) Lacrosse player

B) Distance runner

C) Ballet dancer

D) High jumper

45) Anorexia nervosa is best defined as ________.

A) compulsive eating

B) self-imposed starvation

C) the binge-purge syndrome

D) hypernervousness

46) Protein consumed during a starvation-type diet most likely will be ________.

A) used to rebuild muscle tissue

B) used to replace worn out cells

C) converted to glucose for energy

D) stored as fat

47) When your stomach is empty, which of the following most likely happens?

A) Leptin is released and stimulates the hypothalamic satiety center

B) Insulin is secreted and stimulates the liver to release glucose

C) Ghrelin is released and stimulates the hypothalamic hunger center

D) Epinephrine is released and stimulates synthesis of fat in the adipose cells

48) The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) provides guidance for coaches and others working with student-athletes on warning signs for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in student-athletes. Which of the following is a unique warning sign that a student-athlete may have anorexia nervosa?

A) Relentless, excessive exercise

B) Bathroom visits after meals

C) Strict dieting followed by eating binges

D) Depressive moods

49) Which of the following statements regarding the use of drugs or herbal supplements for weight control is false?

A) Some drugs function to depress the appetite by affecting various neurotransmitters in the brain

B) The FDA recommends that weight-loss drugs should be used only on a short-term basis

C) Some drugs function to stimulate thermogenesis, increasing energy expenditure

D) Substantial research has shown that over-the-counter herbal weight loss supplements are effective for inducing and maintaining long-term weight loss

50) Increased body weight, provided it is of the right composition, may be advantageous to some athletes.

51) Dae is a 25-year-old recent graduate who works approximately 60 hours per week as a pharmacist at a busy health care facility. Over the past five years, Dae has slowly started to gain weight. He recently calculated his BMI, which was 31.5. This BMI is classified as overweight.

52) Regional fat distribution may be associated with several major health problems.

53) Bioelectrical impedance analysis is based on the principle of resistance to an electric current, with the less the recorded resistance, the greater the water content, and hence the greater the body density.

54) Both dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and infrared interactance use only one measurement to evaluate body fat, fat-free mass, and bone tissue and appear to be more effective than underwater weighing.

55) Waist circumference can be used an inexpensive and quick screening measure for visceral fat. In general, a waist circumference greater than 35 inches in females has been associated with increased health risks and further testing is recommended.

56) The set-point theory of weight control proposes that adaptive thermogenesis is a physiological adjustment that will return you to normal if you start to deviate from your set point.

57) Nora often fidgets while sitting in class, tapping her foot and just finding it difficult to sit still. The incidental daily energy expenditure from fidgeting, shivering, walking and other types of activities is called nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). 

58) Hannah recently learned she has a disorder whereby her body does not make leptin in adequate amounts. As such, she has abnormally low levels of leptin. This leptin disorder is likely causing her to lose weight as leptin stimulates appetite and, therefore, a deficiency of leptin will lead to less appetite and subsequent weight loss. 

59) Heredity and environmental factors both contribute to obesity, thus in some instances an individual is not capable of achieving and maintaining a desirable body weight.

60) The main culprit in the diet that leads to obesity is excess consumption of carbohydrates.

61) Individuals who have a BMI greater than 30 are classified as obese and this is always an indication that they have too much fat on their body.

62) Gynoid-type fat cells do not appear to contribute to health risks as greatly as those associated with android obesity.

63) Research suggests that individuals with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

64) Very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) are very successful in long-term maintenance of weight loss.

65) A variety of complications may result from the improper use of Very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) including fatigue, kidney stones, impaired phagocytic function, inflammation of the intestines, low blood pressure, and even death.

66) Delayed puberty, weight cycling, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, and perfectionism are all signs or symptoms of anorexia athletica.

67) In some instances, extra body fat may actually be beneficial to the human body.

68) The built environment is one aspect of a person's life theorized to be a contributing factor to obesity. The presence of sidewalks and a community park and/or playground are important components of the built environment.