Ch10 Stress, Sleep, and Wellness | Test Bank – 14e

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1) Which of the following is the best definition for the term stressor?

A) any physical or psychological event that produces stress
B) the nonspecific response of the body to any demand
C) the physical and emotional changes associated with stress
D) an unpleasant stress state believed to cause illness

2) Which of the following best defines the term stress response?

A) any physical or psychological event that produces stress
B) the nonspecific response of the body to any demand
C) the physical and emotional changes associated with stress
D) an unpleasant stress state believed to cause illness

3) How is the term stress best defined?

A) a physical response to an unpleasant event
B) the physical and emotional state associated with the stress response
C) a negative perception of one's circumstances
D) adaptation to an event, perceived or real

4) Which of the following best describes the parasympathetic division?

A) a division of the autonomic nervous system that activates during times of arousal, including exercise, severe pain, anger, or fear
B) a part of the brain that activates, controls, and integrates autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activities, and many bodily functions
C) a division of the autonomic nervous system that is in control when a person relaxes and that aids in digesting food, storing energy, and promoting growth
D) the branch of the peripheral nervous system that is largely under conscious control and governs motor functions and sensory information

5) Which of the following best describes the sympathetic division?

A) a division of the autonomic nervous system that activates during times of arousal, including exercise, severe pain, anger, or fear
B) a part of the brain that activates, controls, and integrates autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activities, and many bodily functions
C) a division of the autonomic nervous system that is in control when a person relaxes and that aids in digesting food, storing energy, and promoting growth
D) the branch of the peripheral nervous system that is largely under conscious control and governs motor functions and sensory information

6) Which of the following is true of the endocrine system?

A) It affects body functions through the release of hormones.
B) It controls body functions through effective responses.
C) It is a combination of autonomic and somatic nerves.
D) It is a combination of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

7) When the body releases cortisol and epinephrine, the heart rate accelerates, and hearing and vision become more acute. What is the term for this?

A) the fight-or-flight reaction
B) homeostasis
C) somatic nervous system reaction
D) adaptive energy response

8) Which of the following increase(s) during the fight-or-flight reaction?

A) slow-twitch muscles
B) cognitive dissonance
C) digestion
D) blood sugar levels

9) Homeostasis is a state in which

A) vital functions of the body increase.
B) vital functions of the body are maintained at a normal level.
C) vital functions of the body decrease.
D) some body functions increase while others decrease.

10) What does the autonomic nervous system manage?

A) largely conscious actions
B) emotions
C) the fight-or-flight reaction
D) release of hormones

11) Which stress response allows us to positively manage day-to-day stressors, such as deciding to go for a walk rather than overeating or using tobacco or alcohol?

A) autonomic
B) physical
C) psychological
D) emotional

12) Which of the following is NOT an example of an effective response to stress?

A) overeating
B) laughing
C) talking
D) meditating

13) What is an effective response to stress?

A) using tobacco
B) drinking alcohol
C) taking drugs
D) learning new time-management skills

14) Which generation, born between 1997 and 2015, was the topic of focus in the 2018 APA report, "Stress in America"?

A) Millennials
B) Centennials
C) Generation Z
D) Generation X

15) Which of the following is NOT true of Generation Z (or Gen Z) when compared to other generations, according to the 2018 APA report "Stress in America"?

A) Gen Z has a greater response to common stressors such as work, money, and health.
B) Gen Z is the most likely to seek professional help for mental health issues.
C) Gen Z is the least likely to search for support by using social media.
D) Gen Z is most likely to have been diagnosed with depression.

16) Gen Zers report greater stress than other generations over which issue,according to the 2018 APA report "Stress in America"?

A) mass shootings
B) deportation of immigrant and migrant families
C) climate change and global warming
D) All answer choices are correct.

17) Which stage of sleep is characterized by slow and even brain waves and is most necessary for growth and rest?

A) homeostatic
B) REM
C) circadian
D) NREM

18) Which personality trait seems to enable people to deal more successfully with stress?

A) hardiness
B) excitability
C) cynicism
D) hostility

19) Which statement describes people with hardy personalities?

A) They have a strong external locus of control.
B) They have highly intense reactions to stressors.
C) They typically view stressors as challenges.
D) They do not feel in control of their lives.

20) Lia has a hardy personality. How is she likely to react or respond to a stressor?

A) Lia will have an exaggerated stress response.
B) Lia will view the stressor in a relaxed and contemplative way.
C) Lia will feel hopeless and think she cannot handle the situation.
D) Lia will view the stressor as a challenge and an opportunity to learn.

21) What character trait is associated with social and academic success in groups that are at risk for stress?

A) resilience
B) competitiveness
C) contemplation
D) aggressiveness

22) Which is the normal progression in the general adaptation syndrome?

A) alarm, exhaustion, resistance
B) exhaustion, alarm, resistance
C) resistance, exhaustion, alarm
D) alarm, resistance, exhaustion

23) In the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) theory,stress

A) is always unpleasant.
B) can be either eustress or distress.
C) follows a very unpredictable pattern.
D) is unrelated to disease.

24) What is eustress?

A) stress triggered by an unpleasant event
B) stress triggered by a pleasant event
C) stress triggered during dangerous situations
D) stress that causes a physical response different from that caused by distress

25) With sustained stress, during what stage of the general adaptation syndrome does a new level of homeostasis occur?

A) the alarm stage
B) the exhaustion stage
C) the fight-or-flight stage
D) the resistance stage

26) Tom is very anxious about an upcoming exam. He has no appetite, is easily distracted, and has a headache. What stage of GAS is Tom in?

A) the alarm stage
B) the acceleration stage
C) the resistance stage
D) the exhaustion stage

27) What term refers to the long-term wear and tear of the stress response?

A) eustress
B) distress
C) homeostasis
D) allostatic load

28) How can stress increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?

A) It increases maximal oxygen consumption.
B) It increases blood pressure.
C) It increases HDL cholesterol.
D) It increases glucose tolerance.

29) Which statement applies to regular exercise and its ability to help manage stress?

A) Exercise reduces energy levels.
B) Exercise enhances one's sense of general well-being.
C) Exercise increases anxiety levels.
D) Exercise enhances tension.

30) Which is a likely result of using compulsive exercise to deal with stress?

A) fatigue and diminished performance
B) decreased chance of depression and anxiety
C) strengthened immune system
D) lower HDL cholesterol

31) What is a good nutritional strategy for coping with stress?

A) taking high-potency vitamins
B) limiting caffeine intake
C) taking amino acid supplements
D) eating chocolate

32) What is most likely to benefit individuals who suppress their feelings?

A) therapy to promote personality change
B) modeling a person whose anger is easily triggered
C) behavior modification through psychoanalysis
D) assertiveness training

33) Which stressor is most likely to result from poor time management?

A) under-commitment
B) hyperactivity
C) loneliness
D) procrastination

34) Which of the following is a recommended time-management strategy?

A) Focus on long-term goals.
B) Schedule tasks for peak efficiency.
C) Work on pleasant tasks first.
D) Work on one task at a time rather than consolidating tasks.

35) What strategy is recommended for improving your time-management skills?

A) Try doing things yourself rather than delegating.
B) Say no when necessary.
C) Cut back on sleep to make more time.
D) Use caffeine to increase your efficiency.

36) Which statement is an example of negative self-talk?

A) "I wonder why my boss wants to see me. I guess I'll just have to wait and see."
B) "I'll have to start working on my next paper earlier, so I can do a better job."
C) "I won the speech contest, but none of the other speakers were very good."
D) "Too bad I missed that one problem, but overall I did pretty well on this test."

37) Which event occurs during the relaxation response?

A) increased heart rate
B) decreased blood flow to the brain
C) increased blood flow to the muscles
D) slower breathing rate

38) Which relaxation technique directly addresses muscle tension?

A) progressive relaxation
B) visualization
C) meditation
D) controlled breathing

39) Which of the following describes progressive relaxation?

A) a cognitive exercise that develops mindfulness
B) a form of intellectual development
C) an activity alternating muscle tension and relaxation
D) a specialized form of cardiorespiratory endurance training

40) What relaxation technique asks the person to identify all the perceptible qualities of a relaxing environment?

A) progressive relaxation
B) visualization
C) meditation
D) controlled breathing

41) Which of the following is a characteristic of depression?

A) loss of pleasure in usual activities
B) autonomy
C) increased social interaction
D) loss of memory

42) Which statement is true about depression and suicide?

A) About 90% of people who commit suicide are depressed.
B) Severe depression is linked to suicide.
C) Treatments for depression are not highly effective.
D) Talking about suicide is not a warning sign of suicide.

43) What are the two sleep phases called?

A) circadian and non-circadian
B) homeostatic and non-homeostatic
C) rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement
D) interruptive and non-interruptive

44) Caffeine interferes with the homeostatic sleep drive by

A) increasing melatonin levels.
B) blocking adenosine receptors.
C) interrupting REM sleep.
D) delaying the circadian rhythm.

45) Getting good light exposure in the hours after waking performs what function?

A) It strengthens the circadian rhythm.
B) It boosts melatonin production.
C) It increases attentiveness.
D) It lengthens the NREM sleep phase.

46) Which is a good strategy for overcoming insomnia?

A) Catch up on sleep by sleeping in on weekends.
B) Do not eat a meal or snack for at least two hours before bedtime.
C) Drink an alcoholic beverage at bedtime to help you relax.
D) Use your bed only for sleeping and not for eating, reading, or watching television.

47) Untreated sleep apnea increases the risk of

A) memory loss.
B) cancer.
C) insomnia.
D) diabetes.

48) Define the terms stressor, stress response, and stress. Give an example of a stressful situation, and explain how each term relates to the situation.

49) Choose a stressor, and describe the typical physiological response to it (fight-or-flight reaction). Then describe three appropriate and three inappropriate behavioral responses to the stressor.

50) Poor-quality or insufficient sleep has been associated with a number of health problems and impairments. Describe three chronic sleep disorders and discuss four ways to improve sleep.

51) Describe the stages of the general adaptation syndrome, and use an example of a specific stressor to describe what occurs during each stage.

52) In today's world, stress is an everyday occurrence. List four categories of stressors, and explain why these cause stress. For each, give two concrete suggestions for coping.

53) Select a common college stressor, and describe how it boosts stress levels. Then choose and explain three possible stress management techniques that you think would be particularly useful for coping with the stressor.

54) Describe strategies for dealing with anger. Use two specific situations—one in which you are the angry person and one in which you are dealing with someone else's anger—to illustrate the strategies you have chosen.

55) Define relaxation response, and provide a detailed description of at least two techniques that can elicit the response.

56) Define depression. List at least five symptoms of depression.

57) Describe in detail how the two natural sleep drives function. Provide four examples—two for each drive—of ways to strengthen these drives for improved sleep.

58) Stress can result from either negative or positive situations.

⊚ true
⊚ false

59) The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system initiates the stress response.

⊚ true
⊚ false

60) Endorphins are released during the fight-or-flight reaction to relieve pain in case of injury.

⊚ true
⊚ false

61) The fight-or-flight reaction occurs even if a physical response to a stressor is unnecessary.

⊚ true
⊚ false

62) Studies show that 10% of college students report stress because they are lonely.

⊚ true
⊚ false

63) People with a hardy personality respond very intensely to stressors.

⊚ true
⊚ false

64) Strict adherence to gender roles can limit one's response to stress and become a source of stress itself.

⊚ true
⊚ false

65) Past experiences affect behavioral responses to a particular stressor.

⊚ true
⊚ false

66) Stress triggered by pleasant stressors is called distress.

⊚ true
⊚ false

67) Stress triggered by unpleasant stressors is called eustress.

⊚ true
⊚ false

68) The alarm stage of GAS is controlled by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

⊚ true
⊚ false

69) A high allostatic load can be due to poor adaptation to common stressors.

⊚ true
⊚ false

70) Chronic high blood pressure is a major cause of strokes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

71) Uncontrolled stress may lead to menstrual irregularities, impotence, and pregnancy complications.

⊚ true
⊚ false

72) Major life changes are more likely to cause stress-related illness in someone with a strong support network than in someone who is more of a loner.

⊚ true
⊚ false

73) People who work in rewarding helping professions, such as teachers and social workers, are less prone to burnout than people in other types of professions.

⊚ true
⊚ false

74) Those who exercise regularly have a milder physical stress response than non-exercisers.

⊚ true
⊚ false

75) Caffeine consumption is associated with lower levels of cortisol.

⊚ true
⊚ false

76) Self-disclosure involves revealing personal information that we ordinarily would not reveal because of the risk involved.

⊚ true
⊚ false

77) Spiritual wellness is associated with greater coping skills.

⊚ true
⊚ false

78) Expecting perfection and expecting the worst are both examples of cognitive distortions associated with negative self-talk.

⊚ true
⊚ false

79) The relaxation response signals your readiness for action.

⊚ true
⊚ false

80) Meditation practices can elicit the relaxation response.

⊚ true
⊚ false

81) Insomnia and poor appetite are possible symptoms of depression.

⊚ true
⊚ false

82) Getting enough sleep improves mental and emotional functioning.

⊚ true
⊚ false

83) Sleeping with fewer blankets in a cool room is beneficial for good sleep.

⊚ true
⊚ false