Cardiovascular Health & Diabetes – Ch11 Test Bank – 14e

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Student name:__________

1) About ________ Americans die every year from some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

A) 2,300
B) 500,000
C) 775,000
D) 1 million

2) The major forms of cardiovascular disease are

A) atherosclerosis, diabetes, heart disease and heart attacks, and stroke.
B) cancer, diabetes, heart disease and heart attacks, and lymphoma.
C) atherosclerosis, heart disease and heart attacks, stroke, and congestive heart failure.
D) cancer, heart disease and heart attacks, stroke, and congestive heart failure.

3) The thickening and hardening of the arteries is known as

A) atherosclerosis.
B) angina.
C) infarction.
D) arrhythmia.

4) Atherosclerosis is caused by the accumulation of deposits known as ________ on artery walls.

A) polyps
B) pectoris
C) cholesterol
D) plaques

5) When plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, it causes a condition known as

A) sudden cardiac death (SCD).
B) arterial sclerosis (AS).
C) cardiovascular disease (CVD).
D) coronary heart disease (CHD).

6) When the heart does not get enough oxygen to supply its needs, the result is chest pain, or

A) myocardial infarction.
B) angina pectoris.
C) arrhythmia.
D) lymphoma.

7) A heartbeat that is too fast, too slow, or irregular is known as

A) fibrillation.
B) arrhythmia.
C) angina.
D) lymphoma.

8) An arrhythmia called ventricular fibrillation, which makes the ventricle ineffective at pumping blood, can cause

A) arterial sclerosis.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) sudden cardiac death.
D) cardiovascular disease.

9) Which statement about heart attack symptoms is true?

A) Heart attacks always involve dizziness.
B) Women and men sometimes have different heart attack symptoms.
C) Heart attacks always involve sharp chest pain.
D) Women and men have the same heart attack symptoms.

10) A person at risk for a heart attack may be advised to take a ________ tablet daily.

A) high-dose aspirin
B) high-dose ibuprofen
C) low-dose aspirin
D) low-dose ibuprofen

11) The most common type of stroke, involving a blockage in a blood vessel, is a(n) ________ stroke.

A) hemorrhagic
B) ischemic
C) myocardial
D) coronary

12) A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is also known as

A) congestive heart failure.
B) sudden cardiac arrest.
C) a heart attack.
D) a stroke.

13) The most common warning symptom of a heart attack, for both men and women, is

A) pain in one or both legs.
B) chest pain or discomfort.
C) unusual tiredness.
D) nausea and vomiting.

14) Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, severe headache, and trouble seeing or talking are all symptoms of a

A) stroke.
B) heart attack.
C) sudden cardiac event.
D) congestive heart failure event.

15) The first sign of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is usually

A) an inability to speak.
B) chest pain.
C) loss of consciousness.
D) numbness or weakness.

16) When the heart cannot maintain its regular pumping rate, fluids back up, causing a condition known as pulmonary edema, which is associated with

A) sudden cardiac death.
B) a cerebrovascular accident.
C) congestive heart failure.
D) coronary heart disease.

17) Tobacco use, high blood pressure, and unhealthy cholesterol levels are all

A) minor risk factors for CVD that can be changed.
B) major risk factors for CVD that can be changed.
C) minor risk factors for CVD that cannot be changed.
D) major risk factors for CVD that cannot be changed.

18) Every year, about 1 out of ________ deaths is attributable to smoking.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10

19) High blood pressure is also known as

A) angina.
B) arrhythmia.
C) hypertension.
D) atherosclerosis.

20) A normal blood pressure reading for an adult is anything below ________ for systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively.

A) 100 and 70
B) 120 and 80
C) 140 and 90
D) 160 and 100

21) Hypertension (high blood pressure) and prehypertension affect about ________ of all American adults.

A) 30%
B) 46%
C) 52%
D) 68%

22) The fatty, waxlike substance that circulates through the bloodstream and performs many necessary functions is known as

A) insulin.
B) statins.
C) platelets.
D) cholesterol.

23) Low-density lipoproteins, or LDLs, are known as

A) "bad cholesterol," because excess LDLs are deposited in blood vessels.
B) "good cholesterol," because excess LDLs are deposited in blood vessels.
C) "bad cholesterol," because they take cholesterol to the liver.
D) "good cholesterol," because they take cholesterol to the liver.

24) High-density lipoproteins, or HDLs, are known as

A) "bad cholesterol," because excess HDLs are deposited in blood vessels.
B) "good cholesterol," because excess HDLs are deposited in blood vessels.
C) "bad cholesterol," because they take cholesterol to the liver.
D) "good cholesterol," because they take cholesterol to the liver.

25) To treat elevated blood cholesterol levels, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association recommend treatment with a group of medications known as ________, which lower LDL.

A) antioxidants
B) statins
C) free radicals
D) phytochemicals

26) The greatest protection against heart disease is

A) a daily dose of aspirin.
B) a positive attitude.
C) exercise.
D) diet.

27) With regard to CVD risk, fat that collects in the ________ is the most dangerous.

A) thighs
B) buttocks
C) hips
D) abdomen

28) A disorder involving a disruption in the metabolism of glucose is known as

A) angina.
B) thrombosis.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) angina pectoris.

29) Blood fats absorbed from food and manufactured by the body are known as

A) statins.
B) homocysteine.
C) triglycerides.
D) lipoproteins.

30) An inactive, overweight person may experience a reduced sensitivity to insulin in the muscles, fat, and liver, a condition known as insulin resistance or

A) prediabetes.
B) diabetes.
C) hypertension.
D) embolism.

31) Psychological and social factors such as anger, as well as inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, and high triglyceride levels are all

A) contributing risk factors for CVD that can be changed.
B) major risk factors for CVD that can be changed.
C) contributing risk factors for CVD that cannot be changed.
D) major risk factors for CVD that cannot be changed.

32) Age, gender, and race and ethnicity are all

A) possible risk factors for CVD.
B) unrelated to CVD risk factors.
C) contributing risk factors for CVD that cannot be changed.
D) major risk factors for CVD that cannot be changed.

33) Among the possible risk factors for CVD currently under study is the effect of ________, an amino acid that may damage the lining of blood vessels.

A) statin
B) lipoprotein
C) lycopene
D) homocysteine

34) Which statement about gender and CVD is true?

A) CVD kills more women under 75 than men.
B) Women are less likely than men to die within a year of having a heart attack.
C) Over all ages earlier than 75, CVD kills more men than women.
D) Women are more likely to die of breast cancer than a heart attack.

35) Which statement about race and ethnicity and CVD is true?

A) There is a higher incidence of CVD among non-Hispanic whites than among Americans in general.
B) Non-Hispanic whites tend to develop hypertension at an earlier age than African Americans.
C) There is a higher incidence of CVD among African Americans than among Americans in general.
D) Non-Hispanic whites experience less dilation of blood vessels in response to stress than do African Americans.

36) To protect against CVD, Americans should limit ________ fats to just 7% of daily calories.

A) saturated
B) unsaturated
C) trans
D) dietary

37) A diet with a significant amount of ________—between 25 and 38 grams a day are recommended—helps protect against CVD.

A) protein
B) fiber
C) unsaturated fat
D) carbohydrates

38) A person with no CVD risk factors should have his or her blood pressure measured at least once every ________ years.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

39) About ________ of Americans have one of the two major forms of diabetes.

A) 9%
B) 15%
C) 19%
D) 25%

40) Type 2 diabetes

A) is the less common type of diabetes.
B) involves the immune system, which destroys insulin-producing cells.
C) is the more serious type of diabetes.
D) involves an inability to produce insulin, insulin resistance in the cells, or both.

41) Which statement about type 2 diabetes is true?

A) It is usually diagnosed in people over 65, but five times as many children are diagnosed with it now as compared with two decades ago.
B) It accounts for about 5% to 10% of all diabetes cases and half of all cases in children.
C) It is usually diagnosed in people over 40, but ten times as many children are diagnosed with it now as compared with two decades ago.
D) It accounts for about 20% to 25% of all diabetes cases and 90% of all cases in children.

42) Which statement about CVD risk and exercise is true?

A) Doctors recommend exercising one hour a day, seven days a week, to lower CVD risk.
B) Regular moderate physical activity can lower CVD risk by 20% or more.
C) Doctors recommend exercising one hour a day, five days a week, to lower CVD risk.
D) Regular moderate physical activity can lower CVD risk by 50% or more.

43) Insulin stimulates the

A) kidneys and muscles to store glucose as glycogen.
B) liver and muscles to store glucose as estrogen.
C) kidneys and muscles to store glucose as estrogen.
D) liver and muscles to store glucose as glycogen.

44) Frequent urination, extreme hunger or thirst, and unexplained weight loss are all warning signs of

A) diabetes.
B) stroke.
C) heart disease.
D) congestive heart failure.

45) Which statement about type 2 diabetes detection is correct?

A) Sometimes symptoms are not apparent in the early stages, so doctors recommend routine screening for people over 45.
B) Although symptoms are almost always apparent in the early stages, doctors recommend routine screening for people over 45.
C) Sometimes symptoms are not apparent in the early stages, so doctors recommend routine screening for people over 65.
D) Although symptoms are almost always apparent in the early stages, doctors recommend routine screening for people over 65.

46) A particularly important step in diabetes treatment is to

A) decrease dietary fiber.
B) eat more meat for protein.
C) enter a treatment facility.
D) lose weight.

47) If people adopted healthy lifestyle behaviors such as regular exercise and a moderate diet, about ________ of cases of type 2 diabetes could be prevented.

A) 60%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 90%

48) Which statement about diet and diabetes is true?

A) Diabetes is typically linked to a diet high in fiber and low in sugar, red meat, saturated fat, and other unhealthy foods.
B) To prevent diabetes, a diet that includes white bread and white rice, processed meats, and other healthy foods is recommended.
C) Diabetes is typically linked to a diet low in fiber and high in sugar, red meat, saturated fat, and other unhealthy foods.
D) To prevent diabetes, avoiding oatmeal, barley, legumes, fresh fruits and vegetables, and other unhealthy foods is recommended.

49) To help prevent CVD, doctors recommend a diet that includes fish, shellfish, and some nuts and seeds, which are all sources of

A) omega-3 fatty acids.
B) folic acid.
C) vitamin B-6.
D) stanols and sterols.

50) An extra or altered heart sound detectable during a routine medical exam is known as a(n)

A) embolism.
B) heart murmur.
C) infarction.
D) arrhythmia.

51) Choose one of the major forms of cardiovascular disease, and briefly describe it. Then list typical symptoms and treatments.

52) Describe the warning signs associated with heart attack, stroke, and sudden cardiac arrest.

53) List three or more of the major risk factors for CVD that can be changed. For each, discuss its effect on the cardiovascular system and (where appropriate) how the risk factor is measured.

54) List and discuss the five contributing risk factors for CVD that can be changed, along with lifestyle strategies for reducing these risks.

55) Discuss the relationship between CVD risk and gender, race, and ethnicity.

56) List and discuss specific dietary and other lifestyle strategies for protecting oneself against CVD.

57) Discuss the varieties of diabetes, as well as the warning signs, treatments, and (where applicable) prevention measures.

58) CVD is the leading cause of death in the United States.

⊚ true
⊚ false

59) Blockage in the coronary veins causes a heart attack, while the blockage of a cerebral artery causes a stroke.

⊚ true
⊚ false

60) Symptoms of arrhythmia are almost always severe and hard to ignore.

⊚ true
⊚ false

61) Men and women experience the same symptoms when having a heart attack.

⊚ true
⊚ false

62) Doctors recommend aspirin for patients with cardiovascular problems because it helps prevent blood clots.

⊚ true
⊚ false

63) Hemorrhagic strokes are more common than ischemic, accounting for nearly 90% of all cases.

⊚ true
⊚ false

64) When having a heart attack, women are more likely than men to experience shortness of breath; nausea and vomiting; unusual tiredness; and pain in the back, shoulders, and jaw.

⊚ true
⊚ false

65) The symptoms of a stroke are so distinctive that it is impossible to have a stroke without knowing it.

⊚ true
⊚ false

66) Smoking is the leading preventable cause of CVD.

⊚ true
⊚ false

67) Smoking causes platelets to stick together in the bloodstream, leading to clotting.

⊚ true
⊚ false

68) A blood pressure reading of 140 over 90 indicates high blood pressure.

⊚ true
⊚ false

69) Sodium restriction is one way of controlling high blood pressure.

⊚ true
⊚ false

70) Low-density lipoproteins, or LDLs, are referred to as "good" cholesterol.

⊚ true
⊚ false

71) The risk of death from CVD is two to three times worse for obese people than for lean people.

⊚ true
⊚ false

72) Metabolic syndrome and diabetes are the same thing.

⊚ true
⊚ false

73) The incidence of heart attack is higher for males than females until the age of 55.

⊚ true
⊚ false

74) Asian Americans typically have lower rates of CVD than do white Americans.

⊚ true
⊚ false

75) More men than women die from CVD.

⊚ true
⊚ false

76) Hormone replacement therapy is recommended for menopausal women to reduce their risk for CVD.

⊚ true
⊚ false

77) Doctors recommend that saturated fats be limited to 5% to 6% of daily calories for adults with elevated LDL.

⊚ true
⊚ false

78) Reducing anger can actually reduce the risk of CVD.

⊚ true
⊚ false

79) The onset of type 2 diabetes is almost always sudden.

⊚ true
⊚ false

80) In addition to type 1 and type 2, there is a third type of diabetes, known as gestational diabetes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

81) In all cases, exercise is recommended for dealing with CVD—even among people who have CVD at present.

⊚ true
⊚ false

82) Blurred vision is among the warning signs for diabetes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

83) Regular exercise and a healthy diet are often all a person needs to control type 2 diabetes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

84) With regard to the link between CVD and stress, it is recommended that people avoid stress at all costs.

⊚ true
⊚ false