Cancer Awareness & Prevention – Ch12 | Test Bank – 14th

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1) Which of the following best describes cancer?

A) a rapid growth of cells within an enclosed membrane
B) an abnormal and uncontrolled multiplication of cells
C) an infectious disease that is often fatal
D) a set of tumor-like growths in a specific part of the body

2) What is the primary difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

A) Malignant tumors can spread to distant sites in the body.
B) Benign tumors do not have symptoms.
C) Malignant tumors are always associated with fatal cancer cases.
D) Benign tumors are made up of different types of cells than the surrounding tissue.

3) Metastasis is

A) a type of cancer.
B) the division of cancer cells.
C) the spread of cancer cells.
D) a nonmalignant cell.

4) Which of the following is linked to approximately 32% of cancer deaths?

A) heredity/family history
B) smoking
C) pollution
D) ultraviolet radiation

5) Which foods are recommended for cancer risk reduction?

A) walnuts, pistachios, and almonds
B) yellow or orange fruits and vegetables
C) potatoes and yams
D) onions and celery

6) A diet high in which of the following is linked to high rates of colon and prostate cancer?

A) fat and meat
B) omega-3 fats
C) carotenoids
D) nitrosamines

7) Which of these is linked with oral cancer when consumed in excess?

A) nitrates and sulfates
B) alcohol
C) chewing gum
D) phytochemicals

8) Which naturally occurring substances found in plants can help prevent chronic diseases?

A) nitrosamines
B) anticarcinogens
C) phytochemicals
D) free radicals

9) What control(s) the production of a particular protein?

A) genes
B) chromosomes
C) oncogenes
D) mutations

10) Which term refers to substances that cause cancer?

A) mutagens
B) oncogenes
C) initiators
D) carcinogens

11) Which is/are an example of a cancer promoter?

A) STIs
B) estrogen
C) smoking
D) asbestos

12) Which statement about race/ethnicity and cancer is correct?

A) There are clear connections between race/ethnicity and cancer.
B) European Americans have the highest cancer rates overall.
C) African Americans have the lowest cancer rates overall.
D) No single genetic or racial/ethnic factor relating to cancer is easy to isolate.

13) Some 50 studies have shown significant improvement in heart function among cancer survivors who engaged in ________, three times a week.

A) high-intensity exercise for 20 to 40 minutes
B) moderate-intensity exercise for 20 to 40 minutes
C) high-intensity exercise for 40 to 60 minutes
D) moderate-intensity exercise for 40 to 60 minutes

14) Which potentially dangerous additive exists in processed meats?

A) sulforaphane
B) nitrates
C) sodium chloride
D) glucose

15) Which of the following cause(s) 80% of the cases of liver cancer worldwide?

A) hepatitis B and C viruses
B) Epstein-Barr virus
C) human herpesvirus 8
D) Helicobacter pylori bacterium

16) What is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States?

A) breast cancer
B) colon and rectal cancer
C) prostate cancer
D) lung cancer

17) Which of the following is true of environmental tobacco smoke?

A) It is a harmless substance.
B) It is a risk factor for lung cancer.
C) It is dangerous only in people with a family history of cancer.
D) It is a risk factor for prostate cancer.

18) What is a common test that is useful in early detection of colon cancers?

A) stool blood test
B) serum lipid panel
C) surgery
D) biopsy

19) What is the most common type of cancer in women?

A) lung
B) breast
C) colorectal
D) skin

20) What is a risk factor for breast cancer?

A) lack of hormone therapy
B) early motherhood
C) relatives with breast cancer
D) late onset of menstruation

21) The American Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over what age?

A) 25 years
B) 35 years
C) 45 years
D) 55 years

22) Which statement about breast cancer is correct?

A) The American Cancer Society recommends breast self-exams.
B) Breast cancer kills more women every year than lung cancer.
C) The female hormone estrogen helps fight breast cancer.
D) If a woman finds a lump in her breast, she should alert her physician.

23) Selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs) are

A) machines for conducting breast cancer examinations.
B) drugs for preventing and treating breast cancer.
C) machines for conducting cervical cancer examinations.
D) drugs for preventing and treating cervical cancer.

24) What is the most common cancer in men?

A) colon cancer
B) prostate cancer
C) lung cancer
D) leukemia

25) The strongest predictor of the risk for prostate cancer is

A) drug and alcohol use.
B) sexual history.
C) race.
D) age.

26) The Pap test is used to help detect which type of cancer?

A) cervical
B) ovarian
C) breast
D) endometrial

27) What is another name for cancer of the uterus?

A) prostate
B) endometrial
C) estrogen
D) cervical

28) Which statement about ovarian cancer and uterine cancer is true?

A) Ovarian cancer is rare compared to uterine cancer, but ovarian cancer causes more deaths.
B) Uterine cancer is rare compared to ovarian cancer, but uterine cancer causes more deaths.
C) Ovarian cancer is both more common and more deadly than uterine cancer.
D) Uterine cancer is both more common and more deadly than ovarian cancer.

29) Almost all skin cancer cases involve exposure to

A) lead.
B) asbestos.
C) ultraviolet radiation.
D) secondhand cigarette smoke.

30) What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?

A) melanoma
B) basal cell carcinoma
C) lymphoma
D) squamous cell carcinoma

31) Where can melanoma occur?

A) only on the face or neck
B) only near moles
C) only on areas that have been sunburned
D) anywhere on the body

32) The majority of head and neck cancers result from

A) consumption of processed foods.
B) alcohol and tobacco use.
C) HPV infection.
D) drug use.

33) Melissa uses a sunscreen with an SPF rating of 20. What does this rating mean?

A) She can stay in the sun for 20 minutes without getting tanned or burned.
B) She can stay in the sun 20 times longer without getting burned than if she had not used it.
C) She is protected against the full range of ultraviolet radiation.
D) Her sunscreen contains 20 different ingredients to block ultraviolet radiation.

34) What is the most common cancer for men aged 20 to 35?

A) lung cancer
B) prostate cancer
C) colon cancer
D) testicular cancer

35) Which statement about pancreatic cancer is true?

A) Being Asian American is a risk factor.
B) The cure involves radiation therapy.
C) Being female is a risk factor.
D) There is no cure.

36) Bladder cancer is much more common in

A) women than men, and black women than white women.
B) men than women, and black men than white men.
C) women than men, and white women than black women.
D) men than women, and white men than black men.

37) Which statement about kidney cancer is true?

A) Obesity is a major risk factor.
B) It usually occurs in people over 50.
C) Smoking is a major risk factor.
D) It usually occurs in people under 50.

38) The most significant risk factor for brain cancer is

A) ionizing radiation, as in X-rays of the head.
B) tobacco use, whether the smoking or spit variety.
C) solar radiation, such as UV and other harmful rays.
D) drug use, whether of the prescription or illegal variety.

39) Leukemia is a cancer of the

A) head and neck.
B) white blood cells.
C) lymph nodes.
D) vital organs.

40) Non-Hodgkin ________ is the more common and deadly form of this type of cancer.

A) leukemia
B) carcinoma
C) lymphoma
D) melanoma

41) Which statement regarding the testicular self-exam is true?

A) It is best performed before a shower or bath.
B) It should be done bimonthly.
C) It is recommended only for men who are sexually active.
D) It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion.

42) Which statement about detecting the early signs of cancer is true?

A) Unlike with many other diseases, the early signs of cancer are usually not apparent.
B) Pain is a reliable guide to early detection.
C) As with many other diseases, the early signs of cancer are usually quite apparent.
D) Difficulty breathing is a reliable guide to early detection.

43) If a person has a tumor, physicians typically start by performing a(n)

A) biopsy to confirm the type of tumor.
B) ultrasound to confirm the type of tumor.
C) biopsy to determine the extent of cancer in the person's body.
D) ultrasound to determine the extent of cancer in the person's body.

44) Which statement about treating cancer is true?

A) The ideal approach is not to kill or remove all cancerous cells, because doing so would break down the patient's immunities.
B) Stem cell transplants are a common treatment for most types of cancer.
C) The ideal approach would be to kill or remove all cancerous cells, but this is not always possible.
D) Immunotherapy is a common treatment for most types of cancer.

45) Surgery is most effective for a tumor that

A) involves cells of the lymphatic system.
B) is solid and limited to one area.
C) involves cells of the immune system.
D) is gelatinous and limited to one area.

46) What term refers to the use of targeted drugs to destroy rapidly growing cancer cells?

A) radiation
B) surgery
C) chemotherapy
D) transplanting

47) Mammograms and sigmoidoscopy are methods for

A) early detection of breast and prostate cancer, respectively.
B) removing cancerous cells from the breast and prostate, respectively.
C) early detection of breast and colon cancer, respectively.
D) removing cancerous cells from the breast and colon, respectively.

48) A cancer that has spread to distant tissues or organs would be classified as

A) stage I.
B) stage II.
C) stage III.
D) stage IV.

49) Personalized or precision therapies are selected on the basis of the ________ the cancer.

A) genetic profile of
B) type and extent of
C) antibodies associated with
D) risk factors associated with

50) Which statement regarding recent insights on cancer treatment is correct?

A) David Cheresh established that oxygen deprivation makes it easier to kill tumors.
B) Rakesh Jain showed that boosting oxygen levels in tumors makes them easier to kill.
C) David Cheresh established that nutrient deprivation makes it easier to kill tumors.
D) Rakesh Jain showed that depriving tumors of nutrients makes them easier to kill.

51) Explain the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Include a description of metastasis.

52) Discuss at least three of the lifestyle factors linked with cancer.

53) Discuss the relationships in race/ethnicity, poverty, and cancer.

54) Choose one of the most common cancers (e.g., colon, lung, skin, or cancers specific to females and males), and briefly describe it. Outline its risk factors, signs/symptoms, and treatment.

55) Explain the most effective methods to protect oneself from the risks of skin cancer.

56) Discuss methods for detecting cancer, including screening procedures recommended for individuals in at-risk age, gender, or other demographic categories.

57) Explain cancer treatment procedures such as surgery and chemotherapy, along with the advantages, benefits, limitations, and dangers of each.

58) Describe some notable recent insights in cancer treatment, most notably those associated with the research of Rakesh Jain, David Cheresh, and Daniele Gilkes.

59) Cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States.

⊚ true
⊚ false

60) Cancer is an abnormal and uncontrollable multiplication of cells or tissue that leads to death if untreated.

⊚ true
⊚ false

61) Benign tumors are capable of invading surrounding structures and spreading to distant sites.

⊚ true
⊚ false

62) Every case of cancer begins with a change in a cell that allows it to grow and divide when it should not.

⊚ true
⊚ false

63) The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another is called metastasis.

⊚ true
⊚ false

64) Socioeconomically disadvantaged people are more likely to engage in activities associated with cancer risk—for example, smoking and eating unhealthful foods.

⊚ true
⊚ false

65) Nitrates in food can inhibit cancer cell development.

⊚ true
⊚ false

66) About 15% of cancer deaths are related to general environmental pollution.

⊚ true
⊚ false

67) The Epstein-Barr virus that causes mononucleosis is also linked to some stomach cancers.

⊚ true
⊚ false

68) Colon cancer rarely occurs before age 50.

⊚ true
⊚ false

69) Folic acid and calcium may provide protection against the development of colon cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

70) Late onset of menstruation and early onset of menopause are risk factors for breast cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

71) The majority of women with breast cancer have a family history of the disease.

⊚ true
⊚ false

72) Ninety percent of breast lumps turn out to be malignant.

⊚ true
⊚ false

73) Prostate cancers can sometimes be detected with a blood test.

⊚ true
⊚ false

74) African American men have an increased risk of prostate cancer compared with other populations.

⊚ true
⊚ false

75) Unprotected sex is a risk factor for cervical cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

76) Uterine cancer mostly affects women under the age of 40.

⊚ true
⊚ false

77) Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the primary cause of skin cancers.

⊚ true
⊚ false

78) Use of tanning lamps is not linked to skin cancer, because tanning lamps emit a safe form of UV radiation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

79) Basal cell carcinoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

80) Pancreatic cancer is usually detected after it has reached an advanced stage.

⊚ true
⊚ false

81) Early signs of cancer are typically apparent only to the person who has them.

⊚ true
⊚ false

82) Pain is a reliable guide to early detection of cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

83) Screening tests have been proven effective at reducing deaths from ovarian cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

84) Radiation therapy is more toxic than chemotherapy or surgery.

⊚ true
⊚ false

85) According to research by pathologist David Cheresh, depriving tumors of nutrients makes them more resistant to treatment.

⊚ true
⊚ false