Ch.11 – Evaluating The Methods Section—Sampling | Exam Prep - Complete Test Bank | Counseling & Research Evaluation 4e by Rick A. Houser. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 11: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A differentiation of the population and the sample was delineated by ______.
A. Best and Kahn
B. Gall et al.
D. Moore
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Who stated a population is “the group to which the researcher intends to apply his or her results and that is identified by clearly defined characteristics of interest?”
A. Houser
B. Gall
C. Best and Kahn
D. Moore
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Two different types of populations include ______.
A. target population and the observable population
B. observable population and the accessible population
C. target population and the accessible population
D. accessible population and the intended population
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. All individuals or objects the researcher is interested in and to which the study results are applied is referred to by Gall et al. as ______.
A. accessible population
B. population at large
C. random population
D. target population
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. One major step in constructing a sample from the accessible population is the identification of ______.
A. relevant demographic characteristics
B. values
C. variables
D. central tendencies
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. The extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized from the sample that participated in it to a larger group of individuals, or population is known as ______.
A. sample reliability
B. population validity
C. population reliability
D. population reliability and validity
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Generally selecting a subset of individuals from the accessible population so that every single individual has an equal chance of being chosen and each selection is independent of the other selection is referred to as ______.
A. systematic random sampling
B. stratified sampling
C. convenience sampling
D. simple random sampling
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods Used in Quantitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. When the researcher can ensure that all in the population will be considered as part of the sample, based on the concrete list of the population then the researcher is using ______.
A. cluster sampling
B. stratified sampling
C. systematic random sampling
D. simple random sampling
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods Used in Quantitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. This type of sampling consists of selecting individuals from the population who represent subgroups, this is referred to as ______.
A. cluster sampling
B. stratified sampling
C. systematic random sampling
D. convenience sampling
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods Used in Quantitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. This type of sampling is used when groups of the target population may not be separated, this is referred to as ______.
A. stratified sampling
B. systematic random sampling
C. nonproportional sampling
D. cluster sampling
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods Used in Quantitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. A common approach used by researchers because many of the methods are more difficult to implement is known as ______.
A. simple random sampling
B. equal size sampling
C. cluster sampling
D. convenience sampling
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods Used in Quantitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. A suggested number of subjects per variable for correlational research is ______.
A. 25
B. 30
C. 35
D. 20
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Size
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. According to Berg (2004), ______ sampling methods may be used in qualitative Research.
A. cluster
B. simple random
C. stratified sampling
D. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods in Qualitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. What specific number of subjects is suggested for conducting qualitative research?
A. 0
B. 15
C. 25
D. 25
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods in Qualitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. The best solution to the problem of sampling bias is the use of ______.
A. convenience sampling
B. random selection from the accessible population
C. cluster sampling
D. the use of stratified sampling
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Errors and Sampling Bias
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. To understand what a sample is, we must start with concepts defining the population.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Most research involves populations that are quite small.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Researchers have raised the issues of whether it is truly possible to select a sample that truly mirrors the population of interest.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. The extent to which a sample represents a population is critical in determining how easily and validly the researcher can generalize the result back to the entire target population.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. One of the advantages of simple random sampling is the results cannot readily be generalized back to the population.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. An important issue for researchers, regardless of the type of selection method used, is the use of volunteers.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods Used in Quantitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Almost all current researchers never use volunteers in their research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods Used in Quantitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Typically researchers’ propose 25 subjects per group in a research design.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Size
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. The stricter the level of significance, the more statistical power the researcher loses.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Size
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Sampling error and sampling bias do not affect the validity of sample selection.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Errors and Sampling Bias
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Discuss the reasons the scientific community requires researchers to provide detailed descriptions of their methods in a journal article.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Gall differentiated between two types of populations. They are ______.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Discuss why it is practically impossible to include all members of a population in a study.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Key in deciding which demographic characteristics to identify in a study are ______.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Once a researcher identifies the population of interest, the next step is ______.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Survey researchers should typically use a minimum of ______ per major subgroup.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sample Size
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. “The probability that a particular test of statistical significance will lead to rejection of a false null hypothesis” according to Gall et al. is known as ______.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sample Size
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. This type of sampling involves first identifying several people with relevant characteristics and interviewing them or having them answer a questionnaire. These subjects are then asked for the names of other people who possess the same attributes as they do. This type of sampling is known as ______.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Methods in Qualitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Define quota sampling.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Methods in Qualitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. What is the difference between sampling errors and sampling bias?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Errors and Sampling Bias
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Discuss the basic principles cited in your text for selecting a sample or subjects for a study.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Method
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Compare and contrast the sampling methods used in quantitative and qualitative research.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Evaluating the Methods Section—Sampling Methods | Sampling Methods for Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Discuss sample size.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Sample Size
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Discussing sampling errors and sampling bias. Give example of each.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Errors and Sampling Bias
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Discuss the guidelines and questions for evaluating the methods section sample.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: All Sections
Difficulty Level: Hard
Document Information
Connected Book
Complete Test Bank | Counseling & Research Evaluation 4e
By Rick A. Houser
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