African And Latin American Urbanization Ch16 Exam Prep - Urban World 11e | Practice Test Bank Palen by J. John Palen. DOCX document preview.
Multiple Choice:
1. The least urbanized continent is __________.
a. Asia
b. Africa
c. South America
d. Oceania
2. The continent with the highest rate of growth of urban population is __________.
a. Asia
b. Africa
c. South America
d. Oceania
3. The population of the African continent was estimated to be __________ people as of the year 2017.
a. 800 million
b. 1.35 billion
c. 2.5 billion
d. 3.2 billion
4. Which continent has the highest birth rate in the world?
a. Asia
b. Africa
c. Europe
d. South America
5. Everyone acknowledges that Africa faces serious challenges and problems. According to the text one of the most serious is ____________.
a. lack of water
b. desert encroachment
c. AIDS
d. regional diversity
6. Economically, sub-Sahara Africa __________.
a. has many problems but is showing signs of improvement
b. is showing continent-wide economic growth at a rate exceeding that of other developing regions
c. is showing continent-wide growth that is narrowing the gap with more developed regions
d. has remained relatively stable over the last 20 years.
7. Sub-Sahara Africa __________.
a. is self-sufficient in food production
b. has had a per capita income increase of 4 percent a year since 1970
c. until recently was experiencing a decline in life expectancy due to AIDS
d. has a regional plan to contain population growth
8. The most industrialized nation in Africa is __________.
a. Nigeria
b. South Africa
c. Egypt
d. Ghana
9. The most populous country in West Africa , with 191 million inhabitants as of 2017 is __________.
a. Liberia
b. Somalia
c. Ghana
d. Nigeria
10. The West African country with the most cities is __________.
a. Liberia
b. Somalia
c. Ghana
d. Nigeria
11. The least urbanized part of the African continent is __________.
a. North Africa
b. West Africa
c. East Africa
d. South Africa
12. The area of Africa having the longest tradition of cities is __________.
a. North Africa
b. West Africa
c. East Africa
d. South Africa
13. Substantial indigenous African cities emerged during the Ghana, Mali and Songhay empires of West Africa between __________.
a. 1000 and 500 B.C.
b. 500 B.C. and 500 A.D.
c. 500 A.D. and 1000 A.D.
d. 1000 A.D. and 1500 A.D.
14. Which of the following began as a colonial African city?
a. Segu, Mali
b. Kampala, Uganda
c. Adis Ababa, Ethiopia
d. Kumasi, Ghana
15. The major sub-Sahara African cities were founded during the __________.
a. 16th century
b. 17th century
c. late 18th century and early 19th century
d. late 19th century and early 20th century
16. Most European colonization took place in Africa during the __________.
a. 16th century
b. 17th century
c. late 18th century and early 19th century
d. late 19th century and early 20th century
17. Colonial African cities __________.
a. grew out of the local culture
b. brought their social and political organization from Europe
c. placed European residential areas on the periphery
d. concentrated on manufacturing
18. According to the text, the main focus of indigenous African cities was __________.
a. the administrative center
b. the market
c. the tribal center
d. the palace
19. Indigenous African cities __________.
a. were more sharply differentiated ecologically than colonial cities
b. rarely were divided into quarters on the basis of tribe and religion
c. usually focused on a central marketplace
d. were geographically arranged on the basis of social class
20. Primate cities in Africa __________.
a. are isolated from major transportation and communication networks
b. have become less dominant since independence
c. were the incubators of the independence movements
d. are not manufacturing centers
21. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia __________.
a. was founded by Europeans
b. is an indigenous city
c. developed according to a master plan
d. is one of the most ancient cities in Africa
22. Addis Ababa is typical of primate cities in Africa in that it __________.
a. serves as a political and administrative center
b. was founded as a colonial center
c. has been a major center for centuries
d. was not an indigenous city
23. Demographically, in African cities, __________.
a. most adults are immigrants
b. most adults were born in the city
c. there are more females than males
d. they are shrinking in population size
24. According to the text, the Kenyan government has pressured the __________ to adopt modern ways and town life, but they have refused, preferring their rural culture.
a. Amhara
b. Zulu
c. Masai
d. lbu
25. Urbanization in African cities__________.
a. automatically weakens tribal identification
b. almost always creates problems of psychological maladjustment
c. has been shown to often strengthen tribal bonds rather than weaken them
d. inevitably breaks down kinship and family ties
26. On the individual level, new immigrants to African urban places are aided in adjustment by __________.
a. government policies
b. religious groups
c. the UN Commission to Africa
d. tribal or ethnic membership
27. Although there are exceptions, the general African pattern is __________.
a. one of male dominance
b. that women have less equality in cities
c. that custom gives rural women more rights than urban women
d. that the occupational structure in cities is less flexible than it is in the countryside
28. According to the text, urban growth in Africa __________.
a. is the pattern regardless of economic strength in the city
b. is closely tied to economic expansion
c. will level off and then decline by the year 2030
d. should be resolved by immigration out of the city
29. Which of the following is among the characteristics that differentiate between urban growth in Africa and that in the West?
a. There are lower rates of unemployment in African cities.
b. The rate of growth is far more rapid in African cities.
c. The linkage of cities with their hinterlands is more developed in Africa.
d. In Africa rural prosperity is holding down movement to the cities.
30. African urbanization is unique in the fact that __________.
a. there are high levels of specialization in African cities
b. tribal customs dominate the economic sphere
c. there is tight linkage between most cities and their hinterland
d. urbanization is not always paralleled by a comparable revolution in rural areas
31. The largest cities in Latin America were generally founded __________.
a. during the 20th century
b. during the 19th century
c. after the American Revolution
d. in the 16th century
32. Spanish colonial cities in Latin America were __________.
a. similar in ecological design and functional purpose
b. governed independently by themselves
c. garrison posts
d. centers of manufacturing and industry
33. The Spanish colonial policy emphasized __________.
a. making colonial cities manufacturing centers
b. making the colonies producers of gold and silver
c. home rule for the colonial cities
d. commercial centers which developed in the port cities
34. Latin America has over half the population in cities of more than __________ inhabitants.
a. 100,000
b. 500,000
c. 1 million
d. 2 million
35. Today, Latin America __________.
a. is basically still a rural continent
b. is less urbanized than Asia but more urbanized than Africa
c. is expected to have a decrease in urbanization
d. has several of the largest cities in the world
36. The merchant's position in Spanish colonies was __________.
a. similar to that in New England
b. without substantial influence
c. a prominent position in the social structure
d. stated in the Laws of the Indies
37. Spanish colonial cities in Latin America __________.
a. were manufacturing centers
b. lacked the middle-class base found in North American colonies
c. were importers of goods from North America, Europe and Asia
d. were filled with merchants
38. Spanish colonial cities __________.
a. were designed on a circular pattern
b. developed into manufacturing centers
c. were virtually independent
d. were oriented toward Spain rather than toward their own hinterland
39. The Spanish “Laws of the Indies” __________.
a. specified towns were to be laid out following a pattern of rectangular grids
b. specified towns were to be laid out with spokes radiating from the central
plaza
c. specified towns were to be laid out with circular rings
d. did not discuss town planning
40. The pattern of spatial distribution by social class first developed __________.
a. in pre-Columbian cities
b. with Spanish values
c. with the Law of the Indies
d. with colonial powers
41. The colonial pattern of South American cities __________.
a. differed from those of the Aztec and Mayan civilizations
b. was different from pre-industrial cities
c. centered around a central plaza
d. developed most large cities inland close to natural resources
42. Brazilian cities of the colonial period __________.
a. were built according to the Laws of the Indies
b. were relatively small and had limited influence
c. grew more rapidly than cities in the Spanish colonies
d. emphasized manufactured goods to be shipped to Portugal
43. The traditional pre-industrial Latin American city housed those of highest status __________.
a. close to the center of the city
b. at the periphery of the city
c. in suburban areas
d. in all areas; there was no pattern
44. According to the text, the Ecological Complex variable that had the greatest effect on land usage patterns in the Latin American city during the 20th century was __________.
a. social organization
b. physical environment
c. technology
d. ethnicity
45. During the 21st century urban growth in Latin America will increasingly come from
______________>
a. immigration from abroad
b. in-migration from rural areas
c. increasing life spans
d. natural increase in the cities of births over deaths
46. Upper-class suburbanization patterns now found in Latin America __________.
a. parallel North American suburbanization
b. reverse North American suburbanization
c. are only now emerging in a meaningful way
d. are random and varied depending on political issues
47. By the 19th century, the economic center of Brazil was __________.
a. Vera Cruz
b. Mexico City
c. Rio de Janeiro
d. Cartegena
48. The text argues that limited national development funds is most effectively spent ______.
a. on rural development projects
b. on rural electrification
c. on discouraging in-migration to cities
d. on providing urban services
49. Latin America's most urbanized nation is __________.
a. Columbia
b. Bolivia
c. Peru
d. Uruguay
50. The least urbanized of the following Latin American Countries is __________.
a. Venezuela
b. Uruguay
c. Mexico
d. Guatemala
51. The largest of the following cities today is __________.
a. Los Angeles
b. Buenos Aires
c. Mexico City
d. Rio de Janeiro
52. Latin American cities typically have __________.
a. almost all population growth being in-migrants from elsewhere
b. growth primarily by natural increase
c. a high proportion of their population over 40 years of age
d. few shantytowns
53. Squatter settlements in Latin America __________.
a. are found surrounding major cities
b. are found in all nations except Argentina and Uruguay
c. should be eliminated by 2030
d. tend to be quite small
54. Writers on squatter settlements in Latin America __________.
a. agree that they are scenes of squalor and social disorganization
b. agree that they are basically low-income improving suburbs
c. do not agree on the nature of squatter settlements
d. generally feel they will be eliminated by 2020
55. The city hosting the 2016 Olympics activities was__________.
a. Mexico City
b. Lima
c. Buenos Aires
d. Rio de Janeiro
56. Shantytown residents of this city technically are not "squatters” since they own the land.
a. Mexico City, Mexico
b. Caracas, Venezuela
c. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
d. Bogotá, Columbia
57. According to the text, the view that newcomers to the city are emotionally disorganized and often unable to cope with city ways would come closest to the view of __________.
a. the “Chicago School of Sociology”
b. Oscar Lewis' writings on the “culture of poverty”
c. the theory of “urban rurality”
d. the “myth of marginality”
58. The view that squatters differ from other residents because of their poverty and traditional rural orientation represents __________.
a. the “culture of poverty”
b. the “myth of marginality”
c. the Chicago School
d. the City Study
59. The text cites Vila El Salvador as an example of __________.
a. a successful upper-middle-class Latin American “new town”
b. a tourist resort city constructed to bring in foreign currency
c. one of the better squatter settlements
d. a colonial city whose physical appearance has changed little over the centuries
60. The City Study, sponsored by the World Bank, covered 3,000 houses in __________.
a. Bogotá
b. Mexico City
c. Buenos Aires
d. Brasilia
61. The City Study revealed that the very poor newcomers to the city __________.
a. have a distinctly short-term orientation
b. are unable to plan for the future
c. show economic rationality
d. have a distinct set of values that separate them from other city dwellers
62. According to the text, the City Study suggests that what sets squatters apart from other city residents are their __________.
a. inability to defer gratification
b. attitudes associated with marginality
c. culture of poverty
d. lack of opportunity
63. Research from the City Study revealed that __________.
a. in-migrants are not worse off than the rest of the population
b. informal jobs pay much less than the formal sector
c. there was little difference between incomes of those in various social strata
d. non-immigrants earn more than in-migrants in all income categories
64. Which of the following countries is cited in the text as having cities plagued by violent drug-related gang crime?
a. Chile
b. Peru
c. Bolivia
d. Brazil
True-False:
65. Africa has the highest rate of increase in urban population of any continent.
a. T
b. F
66. Africa is currently more urbanized than Asia, but less urbanized than the Middle East.
a. T
b. F
67. As of 2017, some 41 percent of Africa’s inhabitants lived in urban places.
a. T
b. F
68. By the year 2018, there were some 75 cities in Africa that had populations of over 1 million.
a. T
b. F
69. A serious challenge faced by Africa today is AIDS.
a. T
b. F
70. The average life expectancy in Africa is about the same as it is in Latin America.
a. T
b. F
71. Until very recently life expectancy rates in Africa were dropping due to AIDS.
a. T
b. F
72. Most HIV infection in Africa is homosexually transmitted.
a. T
b. F
73. According to the text many African nations are now undergoing economic reform.
a. T
b. F
74. Today, sub-Saharan Africa is self-sufficient in food and produces enough to export abroad.
a. T
b. F
75. North Africa is the most urbanized of the African regions.
a. T
b. F
76. Of the West African countries, the Ivory Coast has the largest population and the most cities.
a. T
b. F
77. The least urbanized part of the African Continent is East Africa.
a. T
b. F
78. East Africa has a long tradition of cities.
a. T
b. F
79. South Africa is considered an economically industrialized nation.
a. T
b. F
80. Africa produced very few indigenous cities south of the Sahara.
a. T
b. F
81. Substantial African cities emerged from the 11th to the late 16th centuries.
a. T
b. F
82. European colonization in Africa began in the late 16th century and finished during the 17th century.
a. T
b. F
83. Nairobi, Kenya was founded during the European colonial period.
a. T
b. F
84. In indigenous African cities, various quarters were divided by social class.
a. T
b. F
85. Until the 1960s, most African cities were relatively small.
a. T
b. F
86. Ecologically, indigenous African cities were more sharply differentiated than were colonial cities.
a. T
b. F
87. In indigenous African cities, streets were arranged in irregular patterns.
a. T
b. F
88. The term “Primate City” does not fit the pattern of urbanization found in most nations of sub-Saharan Africa.
a. T
b. F
89. In Africa, the city is the incubator of social change, where independence movements took root.
a. T
b. F
90. Urban influences in Africa have rapidly diffused from the city deep into the countryside.
a. T
b. F
91. Squatter settlements are a standard part of the suburban landscape of every growing African city.
a. T
b. F
92. Addis Ababa began as a colonial African city.
a. T
b. F
93. Although Addis Ababa has a population of 2.5 million, less than ten percent of its homes had running water as recently as 1990.
a. T
b. F
94. Most of the residents of African cities are female.
a. T
b. F
95. The majority of urban residents in African cities were born outside the city and moved in.
a. T
b. F
96. In Africa, a very high incidence of problems with psychological maladjustment to city life appears to bear out Wirth's thesis.
a. T
b. F
97. The Masai of Kenya, although pressured by the Kenyan government to adopt modern ways, have consistently rejected town life.
a. T
b. F
98. African governments have consistently respected the desires of tribal peoples who do not want to urbanize.
a. T
b. F
99. In Africa, urbanization often has strengthened rather than weakened tribal identification.
a. T
b. F
100. Tribal or ethnic subsystems in African cities have made the transition from rural to urban life more difficult and stressful.
a. T
b. F
101. Tribal or ethnic identification may have negative effects in a country seeking a national identity, but it has positive effects for the individual in-migrant.
a. T
b. F
102. According to the text, it is generally safe to say that the norms, attitudes and values in Africa have a long history of gender equality.
a. T
b. F
103. The rates of growth, particularly of the major cities, are much more rapid in Africa than urban growth in Western cities in the 1800s.
a. T
b. F
104. There is a much stronger correlation between the rate of urban growth and measures of a country’s economic growth in African cities compared to the western experience in the 1800s.
a. T
b. F
105. In Africa the growth of urbanization is often not paralleled by a comparable revolution in the rural areas.
a. T
b. F
106. African cities are growing because they need workers for industry and manufacturing.
a. T
b. F
107. The division of labor is less developed in African cities than it was in western cities during their 1major growth.
a. T
b. F
108. African cities of today display lower levels of unemployment than European cities of the 1800s.
a. T
b. F
109. Latin America is an urban continent.
a. T
b. F
110. Latin American cities are a consequence of European colonial expansion during the late 19th century.
a. T
b. F
111. The Spanish designed their colonial cities to be remarkably similar in both ecological plan and functional purpose.
a. T
b. F
112. Like North American colonies, Latin American cities developed into commercial and manufacturing centers.
a. T
b. F
113. The purpose of Spanish colonial cities was to serve as administrative centers and garrison posts for the Spanish military forces.
a. T
b. F
114. Like the English Colonies up north, Spanish colonies had a strong middle-class base.
a. T
b. F
115. Spanish policies discouraged the colonies from trading with anyone except Spain.
a. T
b. F
116. The Spanish colonial government developed an egalitarian society in the new world.
a. T
b. F
117. The urban middle class in Latin America has not been the force for political change that it has been in North America.
a. T
b. F
118. The “Laws of the Indies” tremendously changed urban settlement practices that were already in effect.
a. T
b. F
119. The “Laws of the Indies” specified how Spanish colonies were to be organized.
a. T
b. F
120. Typical colonial Spanish cities were laid out in a circular pattern with major roadways radiating from the central plaza every 60 degrees.
a. T
b. F
121. Traditional Latin American city patterns were first set by the Aztec and Maya, not the Spanish.
a. T
b. F
122. Portuguese colonies in Brazil were constructed to follow the plans set forth in the “Laws of the Indies”.
a. T
b. F
123. Early cities in Brazil were few and had little influence since the Portuguese preferred a semi-feudal existence.
a. T
b. F
124. The variable of the Ecological Complex (or POET scheme) that best explains contemporary Latin American upper- and middle-class suburbanization is “population”.
a. T
b. F
125. Latin America is a continent of primate cities.
a. T
b. F
126. During the 21st century, Latin America's city growth will increasingly come from immigrants.
a. T
b. F
127. The least urbanized Central American country is Belize.
a. T
b. F
128. The most urbanized Latin American country is Uruguay.
a. T
b. F
129. In Latin America, migration to cities for years has been more permanent and less seasonal than in other developing regions.
a. T
b. F
130. Cities in Latin America have more males than females.
a. T
b. F
131. For the majority of rural people the move to the city is a wise decision.
a. T
b. F
132. Rio de Janeiro has a major violent crime problem.
a. T
b. F
133. Air pollution in Mexico City is so bad that just living in the city and breathing its contaminated air produces the same health damage as smoking two packs of cigarettes a day.
a. T
b. F
134. In Bogota, Columbia, like elsewhere, the illegal occupants are squatters since they do not own land upon which their illegal “pirate developments” have been built.
a. T
b. F
135. Half of Mexico’s workforce is in the informal sector.
a. T
b. F
136. “Maquiladoras” are illegal immigrants who work in U.S. sweat shops in Texas and California.
a. T
b. F
137. The text asserts that shantytown squatter settlements will be a part of the Latin American urban scene for the foreseeable future.
a. T
b. F
138. Curitiba, Brazil is not free of problems, but it is generally a livable city.
a. T
b. F
139. Scholars have differing views when discussing the lives lived by the inhabitants of shantytowns.
a. T
b. F
140. The City Study indicates that the behavior of city dwellers in developed countries is much more different from the behavior of city dwellers in developing countries than was originally believed.
a. T
b. F
141. The most important finding of the City Study is that even the very poor newcomers to the city showed “economic rationality”.
a. T
b. F
142. Curitiba, Brazil is one of the most polluted cities in all of Latin America.
a. T
b. F
143. Argentina, Chile, Venezuela and Uruguay all have higher proportions of urban dwellers than the United States.
a. T
b. F
144. Over half of all Mexico City’s inhabitants live in slums or squatter settlements.
a. T
b. F
145. The text concludes that even with all their problems, cities remain locations of hope and expectation for newcomers.
a. T
b. F
Short Answer (in addition to those at the end of the chapter):
146. Compare and contrast the spatial, social and economic differences between colonial and indigenous African cities.
147. Discuss the question of economic development in sub-Sahara Africa. What is the prognosis for the future?
148. Contrast the pattern of urban development in Western cities of a century ago with that of contemporary African urbanization.
149. Explain the effects of AIDS on the cities of sub-Sahara Africa.
150. Describe the function, physical appearance and social role of African primate cities.
151. Discuss the social organization of contemporary African cities.
152. The text states “urbanization in Africa has strengthened rather than weakened tribal identification.” How does this happen?
153. Compare and contrast the structure of North American and Latin American cities during their respective colonial periods.
154. Describe the physical structure and ecological pattern of the traditional Spanish American city. What legislation affected this pattern?
155. Describe and discuss the conflicting views regarding the character, condition and future of squatter slums in Latin America.
156. Describe the “myth of marginality” and how it fits Latin American cities.
157. Discuss the housing patterns in Latin American cities. What housing problems do they face today?
158. The text states that “the same amount of money often can do more ... in the city”. Explain this statement. Do you agree or disagree?
159. Describe conditions for the poor in Mexico City today?
160. Compare and contrast urbanization in Latin America with that of Africa.
161. Use the ecological complex of population, organization, environment and technology (POET) to explain Latin America's evolving urban situation.
162. Describe the demographic characteristics of Latin American urban inhabitants. Is this typical of other developing areas?
163. Describe the extent of squatter settlements in Latin America. What types of squatter settlements are there, and how are they alike or different?
164. What is the future of shantytowns in Latin America?
165. Explain the reasons for the relative success story of Curitiba, Brazil.