Abnormal Behavior Chapter 1 Complete Test Bank

Chapter 1: Abnormal Behavior

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which statement about the field of abnormal psychology is accurate?

2. Mental illness results primarily from ____.

3. Dr. Thompson collects information in order to describe, assess, and understand an individual's psychological disorder. Dr. Thompson is engaged in ____.

4. A psychologist states that “Juan's abnormal behavior is likely due to a combination of biology and inadequate interpersonal skills.” The psychologist is ____.

5. College administrators suspended Lee Loughner after they became concerned about Loughner’s potential to commit dangerous behaviors. Why didn’t authorities pursue a civil commitment?

6. When psychologists talk about modifying abnormal behavior, they are referring to ____.

7. Which statement defines psychotherapy most accurately?

8. Clinical psychologists usually have ____ degrees; psychiatrists have ____ degrees.

9. Harold is a mental health professional who has a medical degree and prescribes antidepressants and antipsychotic medication for his patients. After graduating from medical school, he completed a three-year residency in his field. We can guess that Harold is a ____.

10. Linda, Jayne, and Sheryl all are called “doctors.” All are mental health professionals. However, Linda has a Psy.D., Jayne has an M.D., and Sheryl has a D.S.W. We can predict that ____.

11. Psychiatrists must have an M.D.; clinical psychologists must have a Ph.D. or Psy.D., and psychiatric social workers require ____.

12. Johanna has specialized training, and works with individuals who drink too much or abuse drugs. We can guess that Johanna is a ____.

13. Suree is studying to be a clinical psychologist from an accredited program. She will learn that, with respect to bias in diagnosing clients, ____.

14. Dr. Price’s client has values and a lifestyle that differ markedly from her own. Dr. Price is more likely to ____.

15. Which statement about multiculturalism in the United States is correct?

16. Early research on psychopathology, such as that by Emil Kraepelin, supported which viewpoint about abnormality?

17. According to Thomas Szasz, ____.

18. The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders. What is this manual called?

19. Kunti, a Black slave who works on a Southern plantation in the eighteenth century, tries to escape to freedom. A psychological diagnosis at that time would likely be that Kunti ____.

20. Thomas Szasz believed that ____.

21. The definition of mental disorders used by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders requires that ____.

22. Dr. Henry conducts an epidemiological study to assess the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States. Dr. Henry is assessing ____.

23. A researcher who investigates the proportion of individuals who have a disorder during a particular period of time like the past year is best described as studying the ____ of the disorder.

24. A researcher who investigates the percentage of people in the population who have had a mental disorder at any point in their lives is studying the ____ of the disorder.

25. Which statement about psychiatric disorders in the United States is accurate?

26. One finding of the Merikangas et al. (2010) epidemiological study is that ____.

27. Researchers in the United States have found that ____.

28. According to Bagalman and Napili. (2013), what percentage of adults suffer from serious psychological disorders such as schizophrenia in a given year?

29. Jason says, “Mental illness is not a choice or caused by what people do.” Jason's remark ____.

30. At one time, Abraham Lincoln, William James, news anchor Mike Wallace, and author J.K. Rowling each suffered from a mental disorder. Consequently, their examples contradict the myth that ____.

31. Eli refuses to let his daughter marry Avi because Avi's brother suffers from depression. Eli believes that his daughter could be killed by Avi’s brother. Eli believes which myth about mental illness?

32. Dr. Chu reports that “mental patients are no more dangerous than other people.” What does research suggest about the doctor's statement?

33. Throughout history, most popular ideas about abnormal behavior have been ____.

34. Professor Martin, a historian who studies ancient cultures, would likely suggest that prehistoric societies attributed mental illness to ____.

35. Trephining refers to the process of ____.

36. During what period of time would a behavior disorder most likely be treated with the surgical method called trephining?

37. Exorcism involves ____.

38. The first naturalistic explanation of abnormal behavior can be traced to ____.

39. Suppose an archaeologist unearthed an ancient Greek document that contained instructions for the treatment of mental disorders such as melancholia and mania. What would the writing probably state?

40. This individual practiced medicine in Rome and related mental illness to the brain and central nervous system. His greatest contribution may have been compiling all medical knowledge from Hippocrates' time to his own. Who is he?

41. During the Middle Ages, mental illness was ____.

42. The early Christian Church believed that ____.

43. Imagine that half the clerical employees in one building of a school begin to have headaches, feel agitated, scratch themselves furiously, feel numbness in their fingers, and faint. There is no biological explanation. This incident would most likely be seen by psychologists as an example of ____.

44. Imagine that you could use a time machine to travel back to the thirteenth century. You see groups of people in a village jumping, dancing, and having convulsions in the town square. All over Europe, you find similar groups of raving people. You would have witnessed the ____.

45. What was the Malleus Maleficarum?

46. Historians of the witchcraft age concluded that ____.

47. Humanism is the ____.

48. The humanistic movement of the Renaissance ____.

49. “I reject the idea of witchcraft. Disturbed people are sick people who deserve our sympathy, not torture and death.” Who would have been most likely to say these words?

50. Who ordered the chains to be removed from inmates at a mental asylum and is considered a founder of the moral treatment movement?

51. “Although I lived in a different country than Philippe Pinel, I also worked to establish moral treatment for mental patients.” Who might have said this?

52. Imagine that we travel back in time and meet two Americans. The first says, “I am sometimes called the father of U.S. psychiatry. I used bloodletting to treat my mental patients, but I insisted they be treated with respect.” The second says, “Although I was only a schoolteacher, when I saw the deplorable conditions under which mental patients were living, I devoted my life to establishing suitable mental hospitals.” The first person was ____; the second was ____.

53. A history book states, “Benjamin Rush introduced humane policies into American mental hospitals, but it took Dorothea Dix to make significant positive reforms in mental hospital care. After her work, inhumane treatment was eliminated in the United States.” What, if anything, is incorrect in this statement?

54. Frenchman Philippe Pinel and American Benjamin Rush were both concerned with ____.

55. Dr. Lawrence believes that mental illness has an emotional basis. We can therefore conclude that Dr. Lawrence holds a(n) ____ view of mental illness.

56. Which statement would be consistent with the ideas of Emil Kraepelin?

57. Dr. Juarez discovers that certain symptoms of behavior reliably occur in clusters. Her discovery would be seen as ____.

58. According to Kraepelin, mental disorders can be seen in terms of symptom clusters that have their own cause, course, and outcome, and are considered ____ in origin.

59. A psychologist says, “There are certain emotional disorders for which we can find no evidence of brain pathology.” This psychologist's statement reflects a(n) ____ viewpoint.

60. Mesmer's lasting contribution to psychology is his ____.

61. Imagine that you are in Paris in 1775. People tell you their physical and mental health is remarkably improved when they experience a strange sleeplike trance. Later, you hear that the man who performed these remarkable cures was investigated and declared a fraud. What forerunner of hypnosis were the people of Paris discussing?

62. Dr. Johns researches mental disorders using laboratory methods. He stresses the importance of directly observable behaviors and the conditions or stimuli that evoke, reinforce, or extinguish them. Dr. Johns adheres to which early viewpoint of mental illness?

63. The advent of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s was considered a major revolution in the treatment of mental disorders because ____.

64. Which perspective proposes that people can develop new meaning and purpose even though limitations caused by illness exist?

65. ____ is the industrialization of health care through which large organizations determine what type and duration of treatment clients can have.

66. A psychologist states the following: “Because they have higher birthrates, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States are already a numerical majority. This increase in diversity has led to the field called multicultural psychology, which is interested in increasing the cultural sensitivity of mental health professionals.” What portion of this statement is incorrect?

67. Which branch of psychology seeks to add balance to our view of human functioning by studying, developing and achieving scientific understanding of the human qualities associated with thriving individuals?

a. behaviorism

b. positive psychology

c. psychoanalysis

d. biological psychology

68. Dr. Seligman has devoted his career to developing a scientific understanding of the factors that allow individuals to thrive. He is most likely a ____ psychologist.

a. positive

b. clinical

c. humanistic

d. behavioral

69. Positive psychologists believe that if we identify qualities associated with effective coping and resilience, we can teach people strategies that ____.

a. lead to a strong spiritual approach to life

b. lead to the development of compassion toward the mentally ill

c. help them regulate emotions and avoid developing mental illness

d. help them to become more responsible for themselves

70. The ____ arose in response to the pessimistic views held by the public and mental health professionals regarding the life prospects of those coping with serious mental illness.

a. humanism movement

b. recovery movement

c. reform movement

d. multicultural movement

71. As conceptualized by the recovery movement, recovery involves ____.

a. psychotropic medication and talk therapy

b. individuals taking responsibility for their own wellbeing

c. spiritual training that help the mentally ill cope with life’s challenges

d. the development of new meaning and purpose in one’s life

72. Positive psychology is ____.

a. the philosophical and scientific study of positive human functioning and the strengths and assets of individuals, families, and communities

b. the perspective that those with mental illness can recover and live satisfying, hopeful, and contributing lives, even with the limitations caused by their illness

c. a philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and the worth and uniqueness of the individual

d. a shift to more humane treatment of people who are mentally disturbed by using psychotropic medications

73. The belief in an animating life force or energy beyond what we can perceive with our senses is known as ____.

a. psychopathology

b. spirituality

c. witchcraft

d. religiousness

74. Drugs that are used to treat or manage psychiatric symptoms by influencing brain activity associated with emotions and behavior are known as ____.

a. psychological medications

b. neurological medications

c. psychosomatic medications

d. psychotropic medications

75. Which naturally occurring chemical was discovered to radically calm some patients who had been psychiatrically hospitalized for years?

a. argon

b. potassium

c. lithium

d. carbon

76. What is the effect of chlorpromazine?

1. It restores cognitive function in individuals with dementia.
2. It treats agitation in patients with schizophrenia.
3. It reduces feelings of sadness and despair.
4. It relieves anxiety by calming the nervous system.

77. Psychotropic drugs are helpful because they ____.

a. reduce symptoms so those with serious mental illness can focus on therapy

b. help hospitalized patients return to their pre-illness level of functioning

c. eliminate the need for therapy because they cure the underlying illness

d. sedate individuals so that they are far easier to deal with outside hospitals

78. Because of ____, insurance companies have increasing control over psychotherapy and other treatments.

a. the Affordable Care Act

b. managed health care

c. the newest version of the DSM

d. licensure requirements

79. Insurance carriers may reimburse only for ____; in other words, they may deny coverage for unproven treatments.

a. inpatient treatment

b. outpatient treatment

c. substance abuse treatment

d. evidence-based treatment

80. Which factor spawned renewed interest and research into brain-behavior relationships?

a. The development of the humanism movement

b. The return to scientific based approaches to psychopathology

c. The success of psychopharmacology

d. The rise of technology-assisted therapy

81. Therapists are using technological devices in their work with clients more frequently. Which new approach uses helmets with computer screens that immerse the wearer into a realistic, computer-based world, and has successfully treated phobias, stress disorders, and other problems?

a. computer-assisted and online programs

b. smartphone applications

c. computer-brain interface therapy

d. virtual reality therapy

82. Psychoanalysis views abnormal behavior as an intrapsychic process, which is defined as psychological processes ____.

a. occurring within the mind

b. occurring between two minds

c. that cause conflict and disruption

d. that are related to deficits in brain activity

83. The acceptance of organic or biological causes for mental disorders was enhanced by medical breakthroughs such as Louis Pasteur’s (1822–1895) ____.

a. development of the first antibiotics

b. development of vaccines for illnesses

c. germ theory of disease

d. pathological theory of disease

84. The term self-efficacy most broadly refers to a belief in ____, which can boost a person’s chances of recovery from mental illness.

a. the need for acceptance of prejudice and discrimination

b. one’s ability to succeed in a specific situation

c. one’s ability to overcome mental illness

d. the effectiveness of psychotherapy

85. Which two forms of stigma do individuals with mental illness have to address?

a. public stigma and self-stigma

b. self-efficacy and self-stigma

c. prejudice and public stigma

d. stereotypes and social stigma

86. To combat social stigma, there have been concerted efforts to ____.

a. keep the mentally ill safe by utilizing inpatient hospital services

b. enact laws that protect those with mental illness from discrimination

c. criminalize discrimination against those with mental illness

d. increase public awareness and provide accurate information about mental illness

87. Many people learn about mental disorders by ____.

a. taking classes on the subject

b. watching movies and television

c. knowing someone with mental illness.

d. reading self-help books

88. Which perspective holds that we should view behaviors in the social and political context in which they occur?

a. sociological perspective

b. sociopolitical perspective

c. sociopathological perspective

d. socioeconomic perspective

89. Psychologists now recognize that all behaviors, whether normal or abnormal, originate from the ____.

a. cultural context in which the individual lives

b. biological makeup of the individual

c. psychological makeup of the individual

d. circumstances of the individual’s upbringing

90. Distressing symptoms can often be changed through ____, which involves systematic intervention designed to improve a person’s behavioral, emotional, or cognitive state.

a. psychotropic medication

b. behavioral modification

c. psychotherapy

d. medical therapy

91. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2012), up to ____ of adults with severe mental disorders are not receiving treatment.

1. Chart the major ideas and historical figures in the history of treating the mentally ill, from the era of witchcraft in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries through the rise of the Reform Movement in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

2. Briefly discuss the changing views of mental disorders throughout history. Be sure to include in your discussion a comparison of views across cultures and across time periods.

3. Describe how mental disorders are diagnosed in the 21^st century.

Understanding and treating the distressing behavior caused by mental illness is the main objective of abnormal psychology. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), the most widely used classification system of mental disorders, indicates that a mental disorder has the following components: (a) involves a significant disturbance in thinking, emotional regulation, or behavior caused by a dysfunction in the basic psychological, biological, or developmental processes involved in normal development; (b) causes significant distress or difficulty with day-to-day functioning; and (c) is not merely a culturally expected response to common stressors or losses or a reflection of political or religious beliefs that conflict with societal norms. This definition is quite broad and raises many questions. First, when are symptoms or patterns of behavior significant enough to have meaning? Second, is it possible to have a mental disorder without any signs of distress or discomfort? Third, what criteria do we use to decide if a behavior pattern is a reflection of an underlying psychological or biological dysfunction and not merely a normal variation or an expectable response to common stressors? Complex definitions aside, most practitioners agree that mental disorders involve behavior or other distressing symptoms that depart from the norm and that harm affected individuals or others. Although the criteria for mental disorders remain a subject of debate, certain behaviors are considered abnormal in most situations. These behaviors include refusal to leave your house; depression so severe that you sleep much of the day; starving yourself because you are terrified of gaining weight; experiencing frequent nightmares involving a trauma you experienced; forgetting your own identity; feeling overwhelmed with fear at the sight of a spider; avoiding contact with objects such as doorknobs because of the fear of germs; believing that others can “hear” your thoughts; seeing aliens inside your home; collecting so many items that your health and safety are jeopardized; and intentionally making your own child sick with the purpose of receiving attention. Even considering varying cultural norms, these situations would be seen as abnormal.

REF: Mental Disorders

OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.01.01 Define abnormal psychology.

KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze