Chapter 13: Quantitative Data Analysis

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is the most frequently used confidence level?

A. 25%

B. 45%

C. 75%

D. 95%

Learning Objective: 13.1: Identify what type of analysis is appropriate for analyzing your data, depending on the level of measurement of the independent and dependent variables and the type of research question.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Type of Statistical Analysis Is Appropriate for Analyzing Your Data?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. ______ statistics allow researchers to summarize their data.

A. Descriptive

B. Restrictive

C. Referential

D. Differential

Learning Objective: 13.1: Identify what type of analysis is appropriate for analyzing your data, depending on the level of measurement of the independent and dependent variables and the type of research question.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Type of Statistical Analysis Is Appropriate for Analyzing Your Data?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Researchers use ______ statistics to estimate a parameter and to determine whether the results of statistical tests can be generalized to that population.

A. referential

B. differential

C. inferential

D. restrictive

Learning Objective: 13.1: Identify what type of analysis is appropriate for analyzing your data, depending on the level of measurement of the independent and dependent variables and the type of research question.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Type of Statistical Analysis Is Appropriate for Analyzing Your Data?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Descriptive univariate analyses are used to ______ the data related to a specific variable of interest.

A. gather

B. compare

C. describe

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Descriptive Univariate Analyses

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Conducting descriptive univariate analyses is the ______ step in any data analysis plan.

A. first

B. second

C. third

D. fourth

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Descriptive Univariate Analyses

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. When comparing the different scores of an intervention on two different groups, it is helpful to determine the ______.

A. frequency distribution

B. effect size

C. measures of central tendency

D. variability

Learning Objective: 13.1: Identify what type of analysis is appropriate for analyzing your data, depending on the level of measurement of the independent and dependent variables and the type of research question.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Type of Statistical Analysis Is Appropriate for Analyzing Your Data?

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. A ______ shows the researcher the number of observations in each category of the variable of interest.

A. frequency distribution

B. measure of group differences

C. measure of central tendency

D. variability frequency

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Descriptive Univariate Analyses

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. In a frequency distribution, the variable being described is measured at which level of measurement?

A. numerical

B. categorial

C. ratio

D. interval

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Descriptive Univariate Analyses

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The most commonly conducted correlation analysis is the Pearson’s ______.

A. revelation

B. causation

C. reaction

D. correlation

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pearson’s Correlation Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The closer the coefficient is to ______, the stronger the relationship is between the two variables.

A. 1 and 10

B. +1 and −1

C. 1 and −10

D. +1 and 1

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Statistical Analyses Used to Assess the Degree of Relationship Among Variables

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. A coefficient of ______ means that there is a perfect positive correlation.

A. +1

B. −1

C. 10

D. 0

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Statistical Analyses Used to Assess the Degree of Relationship Among Variables

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. To analyze quantitative data, each variable must first be assigned a numerical value. This process is known as ______.

A. verifying

B. coding

C. analyzing

D. labeling

Learning Objective: 13.1: Identify what type of analysis is appropriate for analyzing your data, depending on the level of measurement of the independent and dependent variables and the type of research question.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Type of Statistical Analysis Is Appropriate for Analyzing Your Data?

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. When values for a variable in a study accumulate on either side of the normal curve, you are describing ______.

A. graphing

B. analysis

C. skewness

D. outliers

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Statistical Analyses Used to Describe Data

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. A(n) ______ is a data point within your data that does not follow the usual pattern of all the other data points in your data.

A. variable point

B. outlier

C. deviation

D. skewed distribution

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pearson’s Correlation Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which of the following is the SPSS symbol for an extreme outlier?

A. +

B. ×

C. *

D. @

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pearson’s Correlation Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. When a linear relationship is shown in SPSS, drawing a line between the dots on a scatterplot should form what?

A. a bell-curve

B. a scattered set of dots

C. a straight line

D. an incline, peak point, then a decline

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pearson’s Correlation Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. When values for a variable in a study that accumulate outside the normal curve are described as heavy-tailed or light-tailed, this is known as ______.

A. correlation

B. abnormalities

C. outliers

D. kurtosis

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How to Conduct a Frequency Analysis in SPSS

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. To determine the average income level for a community, you must find the ______.

A. mean

B. mode

C. median

D. range

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How to Conduct a Frequency Analysis in SPSS

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. The point at which half of a variable’s distribution is above and below the average refers to the ______.

A. mean

B. mode

C. median

D. range

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How to Conduct a Frequency Analysis in SPSS

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The most commonly occurring value in a variable’s distribution refers to the ______.

A. mean

B. mode

C. median

D. range

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How to Conduct a Frequency Analysis in SPSS

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. If the data are to be displayed in a contingency table in SPSS, each cell must have at least a frequency of ______.

A. 1

B. 5

C. 10

D. 15

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Chi-Square Test of Independence

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. If you are subtracting the lowest value in a variable distribution from the highest value, you are calculating the variable’s ______.

A. mean

B. mode

C. median

D. range

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How to Conduct a Frequency Analysis in SPSS

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Determining the strength of the association is done by conducting the Cramer’s ______ test.

A. q

B. r

C. v

D. m

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Chi-Square Test of Independence

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. A multiple regression analysis is appropriate to use when you have more than one independent variable, which are nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio, and ______ dependent variable(s), which is/are interval or ratio.

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Multiple Regression Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. To find the distance of a variable value from the mean in a variable distribution, you would calculate the ______.

A. variation

B. standard deviation

C. outlier

D. frequency

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How to Conduct a Frequency Analysis in SPSS

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Which of the following is an appropriate research question to be answered using a simultaneous multiple regression analysis?

A. Do third graders prefer the color blue to the color red?

B. Do women prefer chocolate ice cream over vanilla ice cream?

C. Does parental monitoring and social support predict community violence exposure?

D. Does offering free parking increase the attendance at a concert?

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Multiple Regression Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. The purpose of a simultaneous multiple regression analysis is to determine which independent variable predicts the ______ variable.

A. independent

B. confounding

C. dependent

D. categorical

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Multiple Regression Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. At least how many assumptions of multiple regression analysis must be met to produce valid results?

A. three

B. five

C. six

D. nine

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Multiple Regression Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. When data values of a variable have approximately the same scatter, you are testing for the statistical assumption of ______.

A. homoscedasticity

B. dependency

C. relationship

D. outliers

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pearson’s Correlation Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. If there are multiple significant outliers in multiple regression analysis, what does this indicate to a researcher?

A. The research topic is strongly flawed and the research should be recompleted.

B. Many of the study subjects likely lied during the research process.

C. It will be very difficult to accurately predict the value of the dependent variable.

D. The researcher made a mistake collecting data.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Multiple Regeression Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

31. When using multiple regression analysis, what can a researcher do if the relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable is not linear in multiple regression analysis?

A. conduct a nonlinear regression analysis

B. assess a single construct

C. delete one of the independent variables

D. conduct an outlier test

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Multiple Regression Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

32. Which of the following is a type of t-test?

A. interdependent-sample

B. independent-sample

C. codependent-sample

D. comorbid-sample

Learning Objective: 13.4: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess significance of group differences.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of t-Tests

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. If the independent variables in your study are too correlated to one another, you run the risk of violating the statistical assumption of ______.

A. interdependence

B. absence of multicollinearity

C. codependence

D. absence of outliers

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pearson’s Correlation Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Before conducting the independent-sample t-test, one must ensure that the ______ required for this analysis are met.

A. rules

B. plans

C. assumptions

D. structure

Learning Objective: 13.4: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess significance of group differences.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Independent-Sample t-Test

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. To effectively use nominal variables in multiple regression analysis, what do you need to do to the variables?

A. replace them

B. organize them

C. analysis coding

D. dummy coding

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Pearson’s Correlation Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. If you reject the null hypothesis when in reality the null hypothesis is true, you are making a Type II error.

Learning Objective: 13.5: Identify the ethical and diversity issues associated with analyzing quantitative data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethics and Quantitative Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. An assumption for indepedent-sample t-Tests is that the variances for the dependent variable should be equal within each group of the independent variable, when the standard deviation for each group is approximately double.

Learning Objective: 13.4: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess significance of group differences.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Independent-Sample t-Test

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The mean and the median of a variable’s distribution are always the same.

Learning Objective: 13.2: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to describe data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How to Conduct a Frequency Analysis in SPSS

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The absence of multicollinearity refers to independent variables being too highly correlated.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Multiple Regression Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. An appropriate research question to be answered using a one-way ANOVA would be as follows: “Are there differences in the anxiety scores between African American, Hispanic, and Asian females?”

Learning Objective: 13.4: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess significance of group differences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How to Conduct a Dependent-Sample t-Test in SPSS

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. What does a significant F value associated with a one-way ANOVA test tell a researcher?

Learning Objective: 13.4: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess significance of group differences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How to Conduct a Dependent-Sample t-Test in SPSS

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. When is a MANOVA analysis appropriate to use?

Learning Objective: 13.4: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess significance of group differences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Multivariate Analysis of Variance

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Why is it a bad idea to remove data to make the results seem better?

Learning Objective: 13.5: Identify the ethical and diversity issues associated with analyzing quantitative data.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethics and Quantitative Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Explain the differences in Type I and Type II errors using pregnancy test results as an example.

Learning Objective: 13.5: Identify the ethical and diversity issues associated with analyzing quantitative data.

Cognitive Domain: Analyze

Answer Location: Ethics and Quantitative Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Students in a social work statistics class took a mid-term exam and received the following scores out of 100 total points: 75, 80, 95, 60, 80, 90, 90, 90, and 75

For these data, calculate the mean, median, mode, and range.

Learning Objective: 13.3: Differentiate between the various statistical analyses used to assess the degree of relationship among variables.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Statistical Analyses Used to Assess the Degree of Relationship Among Variables

Difficulty Level: Hard