Chapter 15: Single-Case Design Evaluation

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Single-case design evaluation involves using a(n) ______ design to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention.

A. operational

B. quasi-experimental

C. time-series

D. exploratory

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Single-Case Design Evaluation Defined

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. In a standard notation of OOOOO X OOOOO, what does the X stand for?

A. observation

B. intervention

C. variable

D. evaluation

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Single-Case Design Evaluation Defined

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. In a standard notation of OOOOO X OOOOO, what does the O stand for?

A. observation

B. intervention

C. variable

D. evaluation

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Single-Case Design Evaluation Defined

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Treatment effectiveness is evaluated by looking at the observations during the ______ phase and comparing them with the observations during the baseline phase.

A. intervention

B. observation

C. replication

D. evaluation

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Single-Case Design Evaluation Defined

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Whenever possible, the target behavior should be operationalized in a ______ manner.

A. positive

B. negative

C. realistic

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Operationalizing the Target Behavior

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Operationalizing the target behavior occurs during which phase?

A. initial phase

B. treatment phase

C. assessment phase

D. evaluation phase

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Operationalizing the Target Behavior

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which term describes changes in the target behavior that can be attributed to the client recording their behavior?

A. stability

B. positivity

C. reactivity

D. validity

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Single-Case Designs

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. A targeted behavior should occur on at least a(n) ______ basis.

A. hourly

B. daily

C. weekly

D. monthly

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measuring the Target Behavior

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. A researcher will need to determine whether the targeted behavior will be measured using a ______ measure or individualized rating scales (IRS).

A. cost-effective

B. verifiable

C. standardized

D. reliable

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Measuring the Target Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Prior to selecting a standardized measure, you need to decide what characteristic or dimension of the target behavior you plan to ______.

A. measure

B. increase

C. alter

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Measuring the Target Behavior

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. What is an appropriate question to ask when assessing a client’s behavior?

A. Do you like the behavior?

B. How often does the behavior occur?

C. How does your spouse feel about the behavior?

D. How old were you when the behavior began?

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Measuring the Target Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. A ______ score is a score that is used to indicate whether someone’s score puts him or her in a certain category.

A. cutoff

B. limiting

C. guiding

D. cancelation

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Studies or Predesigns

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. If a client’s teacher is measuring the frequency of a behavior, how would they document it?

A. They would determine how oftne the behavior is likely to occur.

B. They would count how often the behavior occurred.

C. They would ask the client to count the behavior’s occurrances.

D. They would have other students share when they thought the behavior had occurred.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Measuring the Target Behavior

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. How many phases does the single-case design evaluation process have?

A. two

B. three

C. four

D. five

Learning Objective: 15.2: Differentiate between the different phases of the single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Phases of the Single-Case Design Evaluation Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The ______ phase is where there are repeated measures of the dependent variable being taken prior to the implementation of the intervention.

A. preexperimental

B. quasi-experimental

C. final

D. baseline

Learning Objective: 15.2: Differentiate between the different phases of the single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Phases of the Single-Case Design Evaluation Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. A ______ pattern is one where there is a predictable pattern to the occurrence of the problem behavior.

A. baseline

B. stable

C. reactive

D. low frequency

Learning Objective: 15.2: Differentiate between the different phases of the single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Phases of the Single-Case Design Evaluation Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. A stable baseline is indicated by a flatline usually across at least ______ data points.

A. 2–4

B. 3–5

C. 6–8

D. 10 or more

Learning Objective: 15.2: Differentiate between the different phases of the single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Phases of the Single-Case Design Evaluation Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. According to the text, how many observations should you have?

A. 1–2

B. 3–4

C. 5–10

D. 11–15

Learning Objective: 15.2: Differentiate between the different phases of the single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Phases of the Single-Case Design Evaluation Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Stability refers to a clear predictable pattern from the baseline to the ______ phase.

A. intervention

B. review

C. analysis

D. publication

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Graphing and Analyzing the Data

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which of the following is the most important?

A. establishing a stable baseline

B. providing clients the services they need

C. knowing where a study will be published

D. determining the targeted behavior

Learning Objective: 15.2: Differentiate between the different phases of the single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Phases of the Single-Case Design Evaluation Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Which of the following is a type of single-case designs that can be used for evaluation?

A. case studies

B. postdesigns

C. double-barrel design

D. experiential

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Single-Case Designs

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The underlying assumption of single-case design is that introduction of the intervention results in a change in the ______.

A. clientele

B. targeted behavior

C. research study

D. design process

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Single-Case Designs

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Which sampling strategy is typically used with single-case designs ?

A. convenience

B. random

C. snowball

D. cluster

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Single-Case Designs

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. With case studies, the researcher only conducts ______ during the baseline phase.

A. trials

B. interventions

C. observations

D. post-tests

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Case Studies or Predesigns

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. ______ refers to the magnitude or steepness of the trend.

A. Trend

B. Overlap

C. Slope

D. Jump

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Graphing and Analyzing the Data

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. The measurement-only design is useful for determining whether an intervention is ______.

A. approved

B. effective

C. warranted

D. easy to implement

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Observation or Measurement only Design

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. In a measurement-only design, changes to the targeted behavior are attributed to ______.

A. chance

B. an intervention

C. repeated guidance

D. an extraneous factor

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Observation or Measurement only Design

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. In intervention-only designs, there is implementation of the intervention but no ______ of the targeted behavior.

A. revision

B. observation

C. reaction

D. benefit

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Intervention-Only Design

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Why does intervention-only design not allow one to study the effectiveness of an intervention?

A. There were too many measurements of the target behavior after to the intervention.

B. There was no measurement of the target behavior after the interevention was implemented.

C. There was no measurement of the target behavior prior to the intervention.

D. There were too many measurements of the target behavior prior to the intervention.

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Intervention-Only Design

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. A social work researcher should start an intervention as soon as possible.

Learning Objective: 15.2: Differentiate between the different phases of the single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Phases of the Single-Case Design Evaluation Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The target behavior must be amenable to being measured repeatedly.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Operationalizing the Target Behavior

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. If there is no assessment of the target behavior before the intervention is implemented, there is no pretest data for comparison.

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Simultaneous Intervention and Observation Design (Case Study Design)

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. In working with the client, two characteristics of the target behavior should be assessed at the same time.

Learning Objective: 15.1: Identify what needs to be done prior to conducting a single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Operationalizing the Target Behavior

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The simultaneous intervention and observation design consistently controls for many of the threats to internal validity.

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Simultaneous Intervention and Observation Design (Case Study Design)

Difficulty Level: Hard

Short Answer

1. Name and describe a threat to simultaneous intervention and observation design’s internal validity.

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Simultaneous Intervention and Observation Design (Case Study Design)

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Why should you not use single-case design evaluation in evaluating your clinical practice?

Learning Objective: 15.4: Identify the ethical and diversity issues associated with single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethics and Single-Case Design Evaluation

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The simultaneous intervention and observation design is affected by what two threats to internal validity?

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Simultaneous Intervention and Observation Design (Case Study Design)

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. With external validity, if the changes in the target behavior are due to the client recording his or her behavior, what is that called and what does that mean?

Learning Objective: 15.3: Differentiate between the various types of single-case design strategies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Simultaneous Intervention and Observation Design (Case Study Design)

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What measures must researchers make when working with diverse clients?

Learning Objective: 15.4: Identify the ethical and diversity issues associated with single-case design evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diversity and Single-Case Design Evaluation

Difficulty Level: Medium