WMDs and U.S. Proliferation Chapter 4 1e Test Bank Answers

Chapter 4

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In which of the following wars have nuclear weapons been used?

a. World War I,

b. World War II.

c. The Korean War

d. The Vietnam War.

2. When did the effort to limit biological weapons begin?

a. The 1950’s.

b. The 1960’s.

c. The 1980’s.

d. The 1990’s.

3. When did the U.S. monopoly of nuclear weapons come to end?

a. 1945

b. 1949

c. 1964

d. 1969

4. Which of the following government reports first advised the U.S. to pursue a nonproliferation policy?

a. The McCone Report

b. The Bundy Report

c. The Johnson Report

d. The Gilpatric Report

5. Which U.S. President proposed the Atoms for Peace plan to the United Nations?

a. Harry S. Truman

b. Dwight D. Eisenhower

c. Lyndon B. Johnson

d. Jimmy Carter

6. Which of the following countries is identified as a “nuclear weapons states” under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty?

a. Pakistan

b. India.

c. Germany

d. France

7. Which of the following countries is identified as a “non-nuclear weapon states” under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty?

a. Great Britain

b. Russia

c. Germany

d. France

8. Which of the following is prohibited under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty?

a. Developing nuclear energy for peaceful purposes

b. Selling nuclear reactors nuclear weapons states to non-nuclear weapons states?

c. Requiring the IAEA to oversee a country’s effort to develop nuclear energy

d. Allowing nuclear weapons states to retain nuclear weapons in perpetuity

9. Which of the following is a “nuclear-capable state”?

a. Australia

b. Japan

c. South Korea

d. All of the above

10. Which of the following countires did not sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty?

a. Iran

b. France

c. Israel

d. Germany

11. Which of the following describes America’s biological weapons program?

a. The U.S. never had a biological weapons program

b. The U.S. destroyed its biological weapons after World War I.

c. The U.S. biological weapons program accelerated during the Korean War

d. The U.S. used biological weapons against Japan in World War II.

12. Which of the following describes U.S. policy toward chemical weapons?

a. The U.S. signed but did not ratify the 1925 Geneva Protocol outlawing the use of chemical weapons until 1974

b. The U.S. never had a chemical weapons program

c.. The U.S. agreed not to use chemical weapons in a bilateral arms control treaty with the Soviet Union

d. The U.S. never agreed to outlaw the use of chemical weapons.

13. Which U.S. president ordered the destruction of U.S. stockpiles of biological weapons.

a. Woodrow Wilson

b. John F. Kennedy

c. Jimmy Carter

d. Richard M. Nixon

14. Which of the following conflicts led to public pressure to end the U.S. binary chemical weapons program?

a. The Korean War (1950-1953)

b. The Persian Gulf War (1990-1991)

c. The Iraq-Iran War (1980-1988)

d. The Iraq War (2003-2009)

15. What two world leaders signed the Bilateral Destruction Agreement to end production of chemical weapons and require destruction of existing stockpiles?

a. John F. Kennedy and Nikita S. Khrushchev

b. Richard M. Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev

c. George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev

d. Barack Obama and Boris Yeltsin

16. When were IAEA routine inspections first found to be inadequate?

a. In Iraq in the 1990s

b. In Iran in the 1980s

c. In North Korea in 2000

d. In Libya in 2000

17. What was the IAEA Additional Protocol?

a. A multilateral agreement among NPT members to give the IAEA authority to monitor the nuclear stockpiles of nuclear weapons states, including the U.S.

b. A voluntary agreement negotiated with NPT members that granted the agency authority to visit any location where nuclear materials might be present.

c. A multilateral agreement among NPT members giving the P5+1 authority to aid the IAEA investigate Iran’s nuclear weapons program.

d. An IAEA ruling that North Korea was in violation of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.

18. What was the focus of America’s 2010 Nuclear Posture Review?

a. The prevention of nuclear terrorism

b. Terminating the dissemination of nuclear weapons information by Pakistan and North Korea

c. Destroying the nuclear weapons turned over to the United States by Libya

d. Persuading South Korea not to undertake the development of nuclear weapons in response to North Korea provocations.

19. What did the non-nuclear weapons states protest when the treaty came up for renewal in 1995?

a. The violation of the NPT by Iran and North Korea

b. The failure of the IAEA to make certain Iraq had abandoned its nuclear weapons program

c. The failure of the nuclear weapons states to achieve nuclear disarmament

d. The refusal of India and Pakistan to sign the NPT

20. Which of the following is a member of the P5+1?

a. Russia

b. China

c. Germany

d. All of the above

21. Which of the following is the principal means for export-control of nuclear-related trade?

a. The Nuclear Suppliers Group

b. The Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty

c. The Proliferation Security Initiative

d. The International Atomic Energy Agency

22. With which of the countries that did not sign the NPT did the Unites States reach an agreement that permits bilateral trade in nuclear-related material?

a. Israel

b. Pakistan

c. South Sudan

d. India

23. Which of the following is the principal means for interdicting illegal shipments of nuclear-related materials?

a. The Nuclear Suppliers Group

b. The UN Security Council

c. The Proliferation Security Initiative

d. The International Atomic Energy Agency

24. Of the five original nuclear weapons states, which is the only one that has not indicated it has ceased producing fissile material for nuclear weapons?

a. Russia

b. The United States

c. China

d. Great Britain

25. What UN agency was established after the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War to supervise the dismantling of Iraq’s nuclear weapons program?

a. UNSCOM

b. UNPROFOR

c. UNMOGIP

d. None of the above

26. Which of the following was the controversial UN Security Council resolution that the U.S. argued authorized its invasion of Iraq in 2003 but that Russia, China, and Several close U.S. allies claimed did not provide such an authorization?

a. Resolution 1440

b. Resolution 242

c. Resolution 1051

d. Resolution 1284

27. Which of the following contended that the U.S. 2003 invasion of Iraq did not conform to the UN Charter and was therefore illegal?

a. Ban Ki-moon

b. U Thant

c. Kurt Waldheim

d. Kofi Annan

28. Why are centrifuges necessary to develop nuclear bombs?

a. They are needed to provide plutonium.

b. They are needed to discover uranium.

c. They are needed to enrich uranium.

d. They are needed to shape missile warheads.

29. Which of the following countries enjoys the greatest influence over North Korea?

a. South Korea

b. China

c. The United States

d. Russia

30. Which country was one of those labeled by President George W. Bush as the “axis of evil”?

a. Iran

b. Iraq

c. North Korea

d. All of the above

31. Which of the follow was not a member of the Six-Party talks with North Korea?

a. Russia

b. Great Britain

c. Japan

d. South Korea

32. Who was Abdul Oadeer Khan?

a. An Indian foreign minister who supported Iran’s legal right to enrich uranium

b. An Afghan Sunni warloard who loathes Iran’s Shia leaders

c. A Pakistani scientist who aided Iran’s nuclear program

d. A director of the IAEA whom won a Nobel Peace Prize

33. What country provided Iran with light-water nuclear reactors at Bushehr and the fuel to run them?

a. Russia

b. North Korea

c. Pakistan

d. France

34. Which of the following is one reason why Iran was able to keep its nuclear weapons program hidden for so long?

a. Some of Iran’s nuclear facilities were housed deep below the ground

b. Safeguard agreements negotiated with the IAEA had only authorized its inspectors to monitor declared nuclear facilities

c. The IAEA had failed to press Iran for critical data concerning its nuclear program

d. The United States was preoccupied with North Korea and ignored what was transpiring in Iran

35. What is Arak?

a. The site of an Iranian heavy reactor that can facilitate production of plutonium

b. Site of a crucial Iranian research laboratory

c. Site of numerous centrifuges to produce highly enriched uranium

d. The target of Stuxnet

36. Who is Hassan Rouhani?

a. Iran’s supreme ayatollah

b. The reformist president of Iran elected in 2013

c. The religious leader who toppled the government of the Shah and instituted an Islamic revolution in Iran

d. A hardline Iranian president who denied that the Holocaust ever happened

37. Uranium needed for a nuclear weapon must be enriched to what percent of purity?

a. 5 percent

b. 20 percent

c. 90 percent

d. 100 percent

38. Which of the following countries vigorously opposes a deal to limit advances in Iranian nuclear technology by 10 to 15 years?

a. Great Britain

b. Russia

c. Saudi Arabia

d. Lebanon

39. What country regards the Iranian nuclear program as an “existential threat”?

a. The United States

b. Isreal

c. Iraq

d. Syria

40. What country has declared that if Iran retains a nuclear weapons capacity it will seek to match it?

a. Isreal

b. Iraq

d. Egypt

d. Saudi Arabia’

Essay Questions

41. What is “horizontal proliferation?”

42. What international body is responsible for investigating violations of the NPT?

43. What is the P5+1?

44. Who is Iran’s Supreme Leader?

45. What is Iran’s closest ally in the Middle East?

46. Who first suggested that The United States need not intervene in Syria if that country surrendered its chemical weapons?

47. What country arranged the deal by which Syria surrendered its chemical weapons?

48. What is the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons?

49. What country had used chemical weapons against citizen before Syria did so in 2013?

50. What country holds North Korea responsible for the kidnapping of its citizens?

51. Managing ______________ , that is, the spread of nuclear weapons to additional actors became a key concern for the U.S. after the Cold War.

52. President Dwight Eisenhower proposed _____________ in a 1953 speech to the UN General Assembly

53. The nuclear-weapons states as defined in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty included _______________.

54. The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty emphasized the right of all states to (develop nuclear energy for peaceful purposes) as long as they accepted international safeguards over their nuclear materials that were supervised by ________________.

55. Washington had signed ____________ outlawing the use of chemical weapons in 1925, but did not ratify it until 1974

56. America’s policy of ___________ provided security guarantees to allies and states that might otherwise have sought to acquire a nuclear capability

57. ______________ never joined the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

58. ________________ was a voluntary agreement negotiated with NPT-member states that granted the IAEA authority to visit any location where nuclear materials might be present, whether a declared nuclear facility or not, to verify that the state was using its nuclear materials and facilities for peaceful purposes.

59. The ___________ is the principal export-control body for nuclear-related trade

60. ____________ would ban production of fissile materials--those elements capable of sustaining “an explosive fission chain reaction.”

61. President Obama reaffirmed that force would be used after other options were exhausted, noting that if _____________ “ignore their international obligations, we will pursue multiple means to increase their isolation and bring them into compliance with international nonproliferation norms.”

62. American intelligence first detected that _________ was developing nuclear weapons in the 1980s, and since then the Clinton, Bush, and Obama administrations have been preoccupied with finding a mix of sanctions and rewards to curb that country’s nuclear ambitions.

63. Washington pursued a two-track policy toward Iran, participating in ___________ and ___________ to pressure Tehran to cease enriching uranium

64. A cyber-weapon called ______ was originally believed to have destroyed a fifth of Iran’s nuclear centrifuges and delayed its progress toward building nuclear weapons by several years.

65. Critics of ____________ believed Iran was

a. the Joint Plan of Action