What’S That Smell? The Test Bank + Answers Ch.14 1e

Chapter 14: What’s That Smell? The Environmental Crisis

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 1

1) The impact of society on the environment is described as

Section reference: Section 1

a. carbon footprint.

b. human damage.

c. environmental stress.

d. climate change.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 2

2) The United States and China are

Section reference: Section 1

a. the largest energy consumers in the world and the largest contributors to the production of gasses which contribute to global warming.

b. leading international efforts to reverse global warming.

c. the most energy efficient nations in the world.

d. in opposition with each other about whether or not to address climate change.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 3

3) What is climate change?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Broad changes taking place on Earth related to global warming, changes in growing seasons, and rising sea levels.

b. A political campaign to prioritize environmental protections.

c. Normal and periodic adjustments that occur on Earth and vary at consistent intervals.

d. The variation across different climates and regions of the Earth.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 4

4) What is the top reason for climate change?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Normal planetary variations

b. Burning of fossil fuels

c. Methane-producing livestock

d. Consumerism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 5

5) Experts estimate that the global temperature is about _____ centigrade above what it was in our preindustrial days. A rise in _____ centigrade can cause severe storms, more acid rain, which kills coral and disrupts the food chain and melts the polar ice caps.

Section reference: Section 1

a. 0.5 degrees ; 1 degrees

b. 1.0 degrees ; 1.5 degrees

c. 1.5 degrees ; 2 degrees

d. 2.0 degrees ; 3 degrees

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 5

6) What are the results of melting ice caps?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Dramatic rise in sea level, wiping out islands

b. Disruption of coastal wildlife and food chain

c. Less deflection of the sun’s rays, raising temperatures

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 6

7) What is cap and trade policy?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Capacity agreements on the total weight of imports and exports for a given country.

b. Credits traded across governments for overall emissions of pollutants compared to each nation’s productivity and exports.

c. A progressive heavy fine and remediation system for countries exceeding their agreed upon limits in overall emissions of pollutants.

d. Governments set a limit on overall emissions of pollutants and then let the market determine how industry would respond.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 8

8) What is the first goal of the Green New Deal policy proposal?

Section reference: Section 1

a. To dramatically reduce the carbon footprints and overall consumption of all American households.

b. To increase taxation of all fossil fuel burning industries.

c. To reduce climate change by working towards net-zero emissions of pollutants.

d. To halt all industrial/manufacturing pollution.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 9

9) What is the second goal of the Green New Deal policy proposal?

Section reference: Section 1

a. To socialize all public utilities so that the government controls all energy production and use.

b. To remedy societal problems like economic inequality and racial injustice through better protections as well as training and investments in clean energy.

c. To dramatically reduce the carbon footprints and overall consumption of all American households.

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 10

10) Since deforestation began, we have lost nearly _____ of the Earth’s trees and a large portion of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed.

Section reference: Section 1

a. one-tenth

b. one-fifth

c. one-third

d. half

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 11

11) Deforestation is a major problem primarily because

Section reference: Section 1

a. it reduces the amount of plant life to remove pollutants from the atmosphere via photosynthesis.

b. the process of removing trees itself emits high levels of pollutants.

c. it harms the habitats of nearby residents and wildlife.

d. there is a constant need for more wood and paper which are not renewable resources.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 12

12) What is smog?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Brown cloud in urban areas primarily due to vehicle exhaust.

b. A combination of nitrogen oxides, organic compounds (such as paint, cleaning products, and refrigerants), and sunlight.

c. Pollutants emitted from factories and production plants.

d. Smoke and fumes from deforestation efforts.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 13

13) In addition to affecting air quality, smog can reduce efficiency of photosynthesis by

Section reference: Section 1

a. 10%.

b. 20%.

c. about 1/3.

d. up to 50%.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 14

14) Approximately _____ of the world’s population suffers from serious water shortages.

Section reference: Section 1

a. 20%

b. 40%

c. 60%

d. 80%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 15

15) The Flint, Michigan, crisis is a reminder of

Section reference: Section 1

a. how fragile the water supply is for most people.

b. how quickly environmental issues can be solved once detected.

c. the harmful effects of acid rain.

d. all of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 16

16) Rain and irrigation can cause the nitrates and phosphates in chemical fertilizers to leach into rivers and lakes, resulting in

Section reference: Section 1

a. acid rain.

b. drought.

c. biological magnification.

d. algae blooms.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 17

17) As factories and nuclear power plants release water and other substances into surrounding rivers and lakes, they can increase the temperature of the water by a devastating amount. This is known as

Section reference: Section 1

a. thermal pollution.

b. biological magnification.

c. water toxification.

d. hydroheating.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 18

18) Agricultural water practices use a tremendous amount of fresh water and

Section reference: Section 1

a. are generally positive for the health of the water supply.

b. contribute greatly to the problem of water pollution.

c. have little to no impact on the health of the water supply.

d. provide environmental protection through technological advances creating healthy algae blooms and biological magnification.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 19

19) In March, 1989, the Exxon Valdez collided with an ocean reef near Alaska spilling more than 10 million gallons of oil. This is an example of

Section reference: Section 1

a. land pollution.

b. air pollution.

c. industrial release and water pollution.

d. corporate malfeasance.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 20

20) During the Gulf War in 1991, Kuwait experienced one of the first times in military history where a natural resource and specifically pollution was used as a tactic of war by way of

Section reference: Section 1

a. oil release and burning.

b. Agent Orange herbicidal warfare.

c. chemical weapons systems.

d. intentional deforestation and burning.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 21

21) According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in 2018 the U.S. generated about _____ million tons of municipal solid waste, which was an increase from the approximately _____ million tons in 2017 and _____ million in 1990.

Section reference: Section 1

a. 445 ; 398 ; 266

b. 292 ; 268 ; 208

c. 268 ; 205 ; 182

d. 180 ; 144; 97

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 22

22) Americans generate about

Section reference: Section 1

a. 4.9 pounds of waste per person per day.

b. 4.9 pounds of waste per person per week.

c. 11.3 pounds of waste per person per day.

d. 11.3 pounds of waste per person per week.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 23

23) What are the 4 largest types of items in US solid waste?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Newspaper, food scraps, aluminium, and pet waste

b. Mail packaging, old linens, food scraps, and pet waste

c. Mail packaging, junk household items, glass products, and yard trimmings

d. Paper, food waste, plastics, and yard trimmings

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 24

24) What comprises the largest proportion of US solid waste?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Food waste

b. Junk household items

c. Plastics

d. Paper

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 25

25) What percentage of US solid waste was recycled in 2018?

Section reference: Section 1

a. 38.7%

b. 23.6%

c. 18.0%

d. 14.4%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 26

26) What proportion of US solid waste was composted in 2018?

Section reference: Section 1

a. 18.5%

b. 12.1%

c. 8.5%

d. 2.5%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 27

27) US landfills for solid waste are

Section reference: Section 1

a. easy to find more space for, as needed.

b. fully available and well-designed.

c. welcomed by communities to be located close to neighborhoods.

d. reaching capacity and difficult to expand or relocate.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 28

28) Groundwater contamination is

Section reference: Section 1

a. linked to agricultural use of water and pesticides and fertilizers.

b. the presence of toxins in the soil and groundwater from landfills, plastics, and metals.

c. part of a cycle of pollution with smog and acid rain.

d. rare and not very harmful.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 29

29) Why are metals particularly difficult to dispose of safely?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Chemical released when burned.

b. Many sharp edges.

c. Due to their magnetic properties that can disrupt soil.

d. Because of their lead content that can contaminate groundwater and soil.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 30

30) Nuclear power was at one time thought to be the solution to our energy problems; however,

Section reference: Section 1

a. it is unsustainably expensive.

b. it causes more environmental issues than other energy sources.

c. it is extremely difficult to safely store and maintain.

d. people are too fearful of using it.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 31

31) How much of US electricity is produced by nuclear power plants?

Section reference: Section 1

a. 0%

b. 10%

c. 20%

d. 40%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 32

32) Nuclear core reactor fuel that is spent must be stored for _____ before it becomes harmless.

Section reference: Section 1

a. 50 years

b. 100 years

c. 200 years

d. 1,000 years

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 33

33) To date, the U.S. has over _____ metric tons of spent nuclear fuel and other nuclear wastes.

Section reference: Section 1

a. 20,000

b. 90,000

c. 155,000

d. 320,000

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 34

34) The most noted US example of a nuclear disaster occurred in _____ where fuel overheated and roughly half the reactor's core melted.

Section reference: Section 1

a. 1979 at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania

b. 1962 in Area 51 U.S. Air Force Facility, Nevada

c. 1945 at nuclear testing site, Amchitka Island

d. 1961 Idaho Falls, Idaho explosion at National Reactor Testing Station

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 35

35) Ten years after the Fukushima, Japan, nuclear catastrophe

Section reference: Section 1

a. all traces of radiation are gone form the area.

b. daily life and nuclear energy production have resumed.

c. all of the impacted seawater has been decontaminated.

d. the damage is still being assessed and clean-up plans are being debated.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 36

36) What pattern has researched revealed in the location of landfills, toxic waste facilities and areas that have been contaminated by pollutants?

Section reference: Section 1

a. These sites tend to be located in rural areas which then require increased transportation costs.

b. Property values in these areas tend to stagnate but not crash.

c. These sites are disproportionately located near low-income and minority neighborhoods.

d. Research has not revealed any pattern in location of these sites.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 37

37) This is the systemic exclusion and discrimination faced by US racial and ethnic minorities regarding environmental protection, policy, and practices.

Section reference: Section 1

a. Biological magnification

b. EPA imbalance

c. Critical race environmental studies

d. Environmental racism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 38

38) One example of evidence of environmental racism is

Section reference: Section 1

a. White people are less likely to recycle than other groups.

b. people living in poverty are exposed to more pollutants than people with higher income levels.

c. minoritized people are much more likely to live near polluters and breathe polluted air.

d. all of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 39

39) What is particulate matter that has been found to lead to serious health problems?

Section reference: Section 1

a. Atmospheric smog produced by industrial manufacturing and landfills.

b. Toxins in the air from automobile fumes, smog, soot, smoke, ash, and construction dust.

c. That which is inhaled due to tobacco or marijuana smoking or second-hand smoke.

d. Chemicals produced from drinking contaminated water or eating food from contaminated groundwater or soil.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 40

40) Which theory emphasizes that as it relates to environmental problems such as pollution, if people believe that dramatic changes are necessary to our use of natural resources, they will work to promote behavioral changes as well as social policies that make conservation a priority?

Section reference: Section 2

a. Functionalism

b. Conflict Theory

c. Symbolic Interactionism

d. Environmental Sociology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 41

41) Which theory emphasizes that a global level, because the environmental problems are everyone’s problems, such challenges forces countries to work together to find common solutions?

Section reference: Section 2

a. Functionalism

b. Conflict Theory

c. Symbolic Interactionism

d. Environmental Sociology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 42

42) With its emphasis on addressing social injustice, The Green New Deal is relevant for this sociological approach to the environment.

Section reference: Section 2

a. Functionalism

b. Conflict Theory

c. Symbolic Interactionism

d. Environmental Sociology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 43

43) These theorists posit that inherent to capitalism is the belief that pollution and resource overuse are not as important as profit and are indeed necessary evils.

Section reference: Section 2

a. Functionalism

b. Conflict Theory

c. Symbolic Interactionism

d. Environmental Sociology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 44

44) Because the scientific community has not definitively determined the extent of the climate change problem and the future outcome, this perspective helps us to understand why it is difficult to garner public and political consensus.

Section reference: Section 2

a. Functionalism

b. Conflict Theory

c. Symbolic Interactionism

d. Environmental Sociology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 45

45) This academic subfield studies interactions between societies and their natural environments.

Section reference: Section 2

a. Functionalism

b. Conflict Theory

c. Symbolic Interactionism

d. Environmental Sociology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 46

46) What is one key line of thinking for addressing climate change?

Section reference: Section 3

a. Ban plastics use

b. Ecosystem restoration via forestry and agricultural practices

c. Eliminate personal gas-reliant vehicles

d. Halt beef and dairy production

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 47

47) Covering city lands with vegetation of any kind is known as the creation of

Section reference: Section 3

a. community gardens.

b. vegetation co-ops.

c. urban green spaces.

d. open spaces.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 48

48) One specific and realistic way that individuals might consider contributing to reducing environmental stress is

Section reference: Section 3

a. becoming vegetarian or vegan.

b. relying solely on public transportation.

c. taking on a zero-waste one-year challenge.

d. reducing single-use plastics such as drinking straws.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 49

49) There is evidence that the amount of plastic dumped into landfills and the ocean can be reduced by as much as _____, provided there are mechanisms created to encourage reusing and recycling plastic products.

Section reference: Section 3

a. 50%

b. 40%

c. 30%

d. 20%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 50

50) Which of the following is not one of the ways suggested in the chapter that individuals could contribute to environmental change?

Section reference: Section 3

a. Carry reusable plastic bags.

b. Volunteer in community clean-up events.

c. Bury or burn waste in your own backyard.

d. Become active in improved efforts by local government regarding recycling efforts.