Walsh Chapter 8 Juvenile Justice Test Questions & Answers

CHAPTER 8

JUVENILE JUSTICE

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The burden of proof traditionally used in juvenile court has been

a) beyond a reasonable doubt.

b) reasonable suspicion.

c) preponderance of the evidence.

d) none of the above.

2. The first juvenile court was established in 1899 in

a) St. Louis County, Missouri.

b) Cook County, Illinois.

c) Albany County, New York.

d) Riverside County, California.

3. The term parens patriae refers to the concept of

a) State as parent.

b) delinquency.

c) status offenses.

d) none of the above.

4. The Latin term delinquent literally means

a) “to commit.”

b) “to leave undone.”

c) “to be criminal.”

d) “to be culpable.”

5. Offenses that are specific to juveniles are called

a) juvenile crimes.

b) juvenile offenses.

c) delinquent acts.

d) status offenses.

e) status delinquency.

6. Juvenile law has traditionally fallen under the umbrella of ____ law.

a) juvenile

b) civil

c) criminal

d) property

7. The legal term used to describe the level at which a person is legally responsible for his or her actions is

a) culpability.

b) responsibility.

c) maturity.

d) liability.

8. The term binding out was used in the past to describe a practice similar to modern-day

a) incarceration.

b) adoption.

c) arresting.

d) juvenile trial.

9. Juveniles commit about ___ times more property offenses than we might expect from their proportion in the population.

a) four

b) two

c) one and one-half

d) eight

10. The New York Academy of Sciences’ conference on juvenile brain development concluded that

a) adolescents seek higher levels of novelty and stimulation than adults.

b) juvenile delinquency is mostly environmental in origin.

c) the immature behavior of adolescents is mirrored by their immature brains.

d) all the above are true.

e) only a and c are true.

11. The legal term ex parte refers to a

a) juvenile hearing closed to the public.

b) hearing in the presence of only one party in a case.

c) hearing involving a former (ex) delinquent.

d) hearing involving an appeal regarding a sentence.

12. The juvenile court equivalent of an adult criminal trial is

a) a dispositional hearing.

b) a petitionary hearing.

c) a detention hearing.

d) an adjudicatory hearing.

13. A presumptive juvenile waiver is one in which

a) the prosecutor must prove that the juvenile is not amenable to treatment.

b) the juvenile must prove that he or she is amenable to treatment.

c) the prosecutor files a juvenile’s case directly to adult court.

d) certain offenses are excluded from juvenile jurisdiction by statute.

14. Which U.S. Supreme Court case first applied due process rights to juveniles?

a) In Re Gault

b) Kent v. United States

c) In Re Winship

d) Breed v. Jones

e) none of the above

15. Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that, if a possibility of confinement in a secure facility exists, the “beyond a reasonable doubt” standard of proof applies to juvenile hearings?

a) In Re Gault

b) Kent v. United States

c) In Re Winship

d) Breed v. Jones

e) none of the above

16. Which U.S. Supreme Court case(s) ruled that double jeopardy applies if a juvenile is subjected to both an adjudicatory hearing and a trial in adult court?

a) In Re Gault

b) Kent v. United States

c) In Re Winship

d) Breed v. Jones

e) both d and c

17. Which U.S. Supreme Court case(s) drew the line at age sixteen for executing juveniles?

a) Thomson v. Oklahoma

b) Eddings v. Oklahoma

c) Stanford v. Kentucky

d) Roper v. Simmons

e) both a and c

18. Which U.S. Supreme Court case(s) abolished the juvenile death penalty?

a) Thomson v. Oklahoma

b) Eddings v. Oklahoma

c) Stanford v. Kentucky

d) Roper v. Simmons

e) both c and d

19. In ruling the juvenile death penalty unconstitutional, the U.S. Supreme Court relied primarily on

a) international opinion.

b) Atkins v. Georgia.

c) neurological evidence regarding the immaturity of the juvenile brain.

d) international law and the principle of jus cogens.

e) U.K. law.

20. Restorative justice

a) personalizes crime.

b) holds offenders accountable.

c) attempts to rehabilitate offenders.

d) all of the above.

e) b and c only.

21. All of the following occur during adolescence except

a) dopamine levels rise.

b) serotonin levels rise.

c) juveniles seek higher levels of stimulation.

d) the brain undergoes a period of resculpting.

22. Early places of detention for juveniles in England were known as

a) detention houses.

b) groomwells.

c) Bridewells.

d) workhouses.

23. The Ex Parte Crouse case was about

a) the legality of methods used by the Child Saver movement.

b) the legality of paterna pietas.

c) the legality of binding out.

d) the legality of parens patriae.

24. A statutory exclusion juvenile waiver is one in which

a) a prosecutor can file a case against a juvenile directly with adult court.

b) a judge waives a case to adult court after a full inquiry.

c) a legislative body has excluded certain offenses from the juvenile court.

d) any of the above.

25. A direct file juvenile waiver is one in which

a) a prosecutor can file a case against a juvenile directly with adult court.

b) a judge waives a case to adult court after a full inquiry.

c) a legislative body has excluded certain offenses from the juvenile court.

d) any of the above.

26. Studies of juvenile waivers have shown that

a) they have a definite deterrent effect.

b) waived juveniles are more likely to recidivate than non-waived juveniles.

c) waived juveniles are less likely to recidivate than non-waived juveniles.

d) all waived juveniles are punished more severely than non-waived juveniles.

27. The first juvenile case (In Re Gault) to come before the U.S. Supreme Court having to do with the operation of the juvenile system dealt with all except which issue?

a) right to legal counsel

b) juvenile waiver issues

c) right to confront witnesses

d) privilege against self-incrimination

28. An amicus curiae brief is a brief filed by

a) the defense requesting the court to hear its case.

b) parties not directly involved with the case supporting one side.

c) medical or mental health professionals testifying as to the mental capacity of a defendant.

d) either the prosecution or defense requesting the court to take (or not to take) foreign law into consideration.

29. The so-called balanced approach has to do with

a) restorative justice.

b) parens patriae.

c) the emerging balance between civil and criminal law in juvenile justice.

d) formal due process rights versus parens patriae.

30. Megan’s Law has to do with

a) gender-based treatment in the juvenile justice system.

b) enhanced penalties for juveniles who commit rape.

c) the applicability of parens patriae to minors over age sixteen.

d) sex offender registration laws.