Exam Questions Ch8 True False Juvenile Justice - Chapter Test Bank | Law & Society 4e Walsh by Anthony Walsh. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 8
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
1. Offenses that would be crimes if committed by adults (e.g., burglary) comprise most of the offenses that juvenile courts deal with.
2. Antisocial behavior appears to be normative behavior for juveniles everywhere.
3. Puberty brings with it a decrease in excitatory neurotransmitters and an increase in inhibitory neurotransmitters as well as an increase in testosterone.
4. Common law defined the age of criminal responsibility as seven.
5. Bridewells were early English juvenile courts.
6. Parens patriae became settled U.S. juvenile doctrine in Ex Parte Crouse.
7. Bridewells were known as God’s reformatories.
8. About 25 percent of delinquents are waived to adult court.
9. The most common form of waiver is a judicial waiver.
10. The first U.S. Supreme Court case involving a juvenile was Haley v. Ohio.
11. The first U.S. Supreme Court case involving the operation of the juvenile court was Kent v. United States.
12. The main idea behind the New York House of Refuge was reformation.
13. The “preponderance of evidence” standard of proof is applicable in all cases of juvenile delinquency.
14. The “Re” in cases such as In Re Gault simply means “in the absence of one party to the case.”
15. The U.S. Supreme Court has found many occasions to criticize the doctrine of parens patriae for its arbitrariness.
16. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that to protect confidentiality the states must not use jury trials for juveniles.
17. The neurological evidence pertaining to juvenile brain development was the main reason that the U.S. Supreme Court ruled the juvenile death penalty to be unconstitutional.
18. The authors find that the erosion of the distinction between juvenile and adult courts has been uniformly beneficial for juveniles.
19. A critical component of the restorative justice model is the needs of the community.
20. Most victims involved in victim–offender reconciliation programs are satisfied with them.
21. The surge in antisocial behavior during adulthood is mostly the result of environmental factors.
22. The prefrontal cortex modulates emotions and makes reasoned judgments.
23. Fathers in ancient Rome could do almost whatever they wished with their children, even sell them into slavery.
24. The traditional age of criminal responsibility in common law is seven.
25. Britain used transportation to the American colonies as a way to rid itself of delinquents.
26. The first juvenile court in the United States was in New York City.
27. About 10 percent of juvenile delinquent offenders are waived to adult court.
28. About 1 percent of status offenders are waived to adult court.
29. The United States was one of the few countries that, prior to 2005, “officially” executed people who committed their crimes as juveniles.
30. The major reason given for banning the death penalty for juveniles in the majority opinion of the Supreme Court was neuroscience evidence.