Verified Test Bank Sensation And Perception Chapter 5

OpenStax Psychology 2e Test Bank – Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception:

Multiple Choice

1. Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge and expectancies?

A. top-down

B. inside-out

C. outside-in

D. top-down

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

2. ________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

A. Perception; transduction

B. Perception; sensation

C. Transduction; perception

D. Sensation; perception

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

3. What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?

A. In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.

B. In laboratory settings, people do not perceive information outside of their awareness.

C. In real life, people obey subliminal messages like zombies.

D. Outside of laboratory settings, people have a lower absolute threshold.

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

4. Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

A. a just noticeable difference

B. subliminal perception

C. top-down processing

D. transduction

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

5. Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit’s friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn’t know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived.

A. attention

B. friendship

C. habit

D. mood

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception1
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

6. Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it. This research protocol demonstrates which concept?

A. bottom-up processing

B. inattentional blindness

C. sensory adaptation

D. top-down processing

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

7. Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the ________ illusion.

A. Meissner
B. Ménière
C. Merkel
D. Müller-Lyer

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

8. Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory.

A. absolute threshold

B. just noticeable difference

C. Weber’s

D. signal detection

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

9. Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading PowerPoint slides. If an audience member were to check the internet using her cell phone and causing her screen to light up, chances are that many people would notice the change in illumination in the classroom. However, if the same thing happened in a brightly lit classroom during a discussion, very few people would notice. The cell phone brightness does not change, but its ability to be detected as a change in illumination varies dramatically between the two contexts. This is an example of ________.

A. Merkel’s theory

B. the law of thermoception

C .the principle of transduction

D. Weber’s law

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

10. The amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave as measured from the highest point on the wave________ to the lowest point on the wave ________.

A. crest; trough

B. amplitude; length

C. trough; crest

D. length; amplitude

Text Section: 5.2 Waves and Wavelengths
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

11. Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________ waves of light.

A. higher amplitude

B. longer wavelengths

C. shorter wavelengths

D. lower amplitude

Text Section: 5.2 Waves and Wavelengths
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

12. ________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.

A. higher; louder

B. higher; quieter

C. higher; weaker

D. lower; louder

Text Section: 5.2 Waves and Wavelengths
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

13. As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can’t hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to “speak up,” from a physical perspective you are asking them to ________ of the sound waves they are producing.

A. increase the frequency

B. increase the amplitude

C. decrease the frequency

D. decrease the amplitude

Text Section: 5.2 Waves and Wavelengths
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

14. When considering the wavelength of a radio wave – like the kind you hear when listening to music as you drive along – you would be correct to think that the size is this wave is about as long as

A. an atom’s nucleus.

B. an atom.

C. a honeybee.

D. a building.

Text Section: 5.2 Waves and Wavelengths
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

15. Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

A. cones

B. fovea

C. lens

D. rods

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

16. What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?

A. afterimage

B. preimage

C. binocular image

D. monocular image

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

17.________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives, and is a distance cue that allows us to perceive the depth of a given visual stimulus.

A. Binocular

B. Opponent

C. monocular

D. Trichromatic

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

18. Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

A. corneal

B. acoustic

C. optic

D. gustatory

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

19. Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

A. cones

B. fovea

C. iris

D. rods

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

20. Tyrahn’s rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has trouble seeing in dim light. This is called ________ blindness

A. sensorineural

B. night

C. foveal

D. conductive

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

21. Light waves are first transmitted through the ________ at the front of the eye and enter an opening called the ________ before shining onto the retina.

A. cornea; pupil

B. sclera; lens

C. lens; sclera

D. pupil; cornea

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

22. Akeelah extended her arm in front of her and then extended one of her fingers. She focused on that finger. Next, she closed her left eye without moving her head; then she opened her left eye and closed her right eye without moving her head. She noticed that her finger seemed to shift as she alternated between the two eyes because of the slightly different view each eye had of her finger. What is illustrated by this example?

A. binocular disparity

B. bottom-up processing

C. oculomotor convergence

D. top-down processing

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

23. In a person whose eyes work in the usual fashion, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

A. cornea; iris

B. fovea; lens

C. iris; retina

D. lens; fovea

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

24. Ravon is deaf. He was born without the ability to hear, and has never experienced an auditory stimulus. When people write using “sound” type words like “loud,” “soft,” and “quiet,” he sometimes has difficulty understanding what they are trying to convey. Ravon has ________ deafness.

A. conductive

B. congenital

C. sensorineural

D. acoustic

Text Section: 5.4 Hearing
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

25. Which of these is not one of the structures that comprises the outer ear?

A. the basilar membrane

B. the pinna

C. the auditory canal

D. the eardrum

Text Section: 5.4 Hearing
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

26. The auditory cortex, in which sound stimuli are processed for perception, is located in the ________ lobe.

A. frontal

B. parietal

C. occipital

D. temporal

Text Section: 5.4 Hearing
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

27. Some neurons can only generate action potentials up to a certain speed, and no faster. This fact is a limitation of the ________ theory of pitch perception.

A. opponent-process

B. place

C. temporal

D. volley

Text Section: 5.4 Hearing
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

28. What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?

A. Different amplitudes of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different waves.

B. Receptors on different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

C. Different portions of the ear are sensitive to sounds of different decibels.

D. Receptors on different sections of the malleus, incus, and stapes are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

Text Section: 5.4 Hearing
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

29. How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?

A. It receives incoming sound information and bypasses the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain through the optic nerve.
B. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.
C. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the basilar membrane to transmit information to the brain.

D. It receives incoming sound information and indirectly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

Text Section: 5.4 Hearing
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

30. Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?

A. Neither one has sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

B. Because they are unrelated to biological senses.

C. They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

D. We cannot use these senses without the presence of specific chemicals in the body.

Text Section: 5.5 The Other Senses
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy

31. Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called?

A. congenital analgesia

B. inherited numbness

C. Korsakoff’s disease

D. Pacinian syndrome

Text Section: 5.5 The Other Senses
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

32. Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.

A. nociception

B. proprioception

C. somatosensation

D. vestibular

Text Section: 5.5 The Other Senses
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

33. Which perceptual system allows Nancy to run without watching her feet and hit a baseball without focusing on her hands?

A. gustation

B. proprioception

C. somatosensation

D. thermoception

Text Section: 5.5 The Other Senses
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

34. Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels.

A. kinesthesia

B. nociception

C. preconception

D. thermoception

Text Section: 5.5 The Other Senses
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

35. Which school of thinking in psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

A. Ruffinian

B. Gestalt

C. Pacinian

D. Humanistic

Text Section: 5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

36. When you watch the teacher at the front of the room, you are easily able to distinguish her from the white board (or chalk board) behind her. This demonstrates the Gestalt principle of ________.

A. binocular disparity

B. similarity

C. good continuation

D. a figure-ground relationship

Text Section: 5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

37. If you watch a flock of birds flying overhead, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes advantage of which Gestalt principle?

A. proximity

B. closure

C. contiguity

D. figure-ground

Text Section: 5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
Bloom’s Level:
Difficulty:

38. Nikki was walking around a department store shopping one day, and did not realize that the shirt she was wearing looked just like the shirts worn by employees. When a stranger asked, “do you work here,” she thought it was funny. The other customers’ assumption that Nikki was a store employee demonstrates the Gestalt principle of _______.

A. proximity

B. closure

C. continuity

D. similarity

Text Section: 5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

39. One principle of civil engineering is that when you design a highway you should have traffic flow in the same direction and avoid interruptions to that flow as much as possible. Exit ramps tend to be curved so that cars don’t have to stop rather than having 90-degree angles that force stops and starts. This is an application of which Gestalt principle?

A. good continuation

B. closure

C. proximity

D. contiguity

Text Section: 5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

40. When a child works on a “connect the dots” puzzle, she can often see the completed work before she has finished all of the dots. Once there is enough visual information present, she’s able to perceive the completed picture even though it is still incomplete. Which Gestalt principle does this demonstrate?

A. good continuation

B. closure

C. proximity

D. contiguity

Text Section: 5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

Short Answer

41. The theorist who discussed our ability to perceive a change in a stimulus as being relative to the amount of change versus the intensity of the original stimulus was ________.

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

42. List 6 of the 10 specific sensory/perceptual systems discussed in the chapter.

Text Section: 5.3 Vision; 5.4 Hearing; 5.5 The Other Senses

Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

43. Briefly describe the different processes of rods and cones.

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

44. Why do human beings have a blind spot?

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

45. What are the Latin names of the three ossicles located in the middle ear?

Text Section: 5.4 Hearing
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

46. What are pheromones?

Text Section: 5.5 The Other Senses
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

47. The idea that objects that appear alike are perceived as being part of a related group is the Gestalt principle of ________.

Text Section: 5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

Essay

48. Provide an example of sensory adaptation.

Text Section: 5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

49. Describe how visual information is processed in parallel pathways.

Text Section: 5.3 Vision
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

50. How is inflammatory pain different from neuropathic pain?

Text Section: 5.5 The Other Senses
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult