Biopsychology Chapter 3 Full Test Bank OpenStax

OpenStax Psychology 2e Test Bank – Chapter 3: Biopsychology

Multiple Choice

1. Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

A. behavioral geneticists

B. behavioral psychologists

C. evolutionary psychologists

D. historical psychologists

Text Section: 3.1 Human Genetics
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

2. The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

A. behavioral genetics

B. evolution by natural selection

C. genetic mutation

D. survivalism

Text Section: 3.1 Human Genetics
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy

3. Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

A. chromosomes; DNA

B. chromosomes; genes

C. DNA; genes

D. genes; DNA

Text Section: 3.1 Human Genetics
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

4. Wendy’s mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy’s ________ must be ________ and her father’s must be Bb.

A. genotype; Bb

B. genotype; bb

C. phenotype; Bb

D. phenotype; bb

Text Section: 3.1 Human Genetics
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

5. ________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

A. behavioral genetics

B. environmental psychology

C. evolutionary psychology

D. range of reaction

Text Section: 3.1 Human Genetics
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

6. The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

A. axons; terminal buttons

B. dendrites; synaptic vesicles

C. terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

D. terminal buttons; transport proteins

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

7. The myelin sheath is made from ________.

A. axons

B. glial cells

C. somas

D. terminal buttons

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

8. The space between two neurons is called the ________.

A. soma

B. synapse

C. terminal button

D. vesicle

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

9. The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.

A. extracellular fluid

B. intracellular fluid

C. membrane potential

D. resting potential

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

10. In a resting state, sodium (Na⁺) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K⁺) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.

A. decrease

B. increase

C. increase only if potassium levels remain the same

D. stay the same

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

11. Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

A. membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

B. membrane potential becomes more positive than the resting potential

C. potassium gates open

D. sodium gates open

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

12. A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron’s cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

A. action potential

B. depolarization

C. hyperpolarization

D. threshold of excitation

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

13. A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

A. be twice as strong

B. last twice as long

C. undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration

D. travel twice as fast down the axon

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

14. Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?

A. break down into inactive fragments

B. collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

C. drifting away from the synapse

D. reuptake

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

15. Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

A. dopamine; acetylcholine

B. dopamine; norepinephrine

C. serotonin; GABA

D. serotonin; glutamate

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

16. ________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

A. acetylcholine

B. beta-endorphin

C. GABA

D. norepinephrine

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

17. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

A. depression

B. obsessive-compulsive disorder

C. Parkinson’s disease

D. schizophrenia

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

18. The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

A. autonomic; somatic nervous systems

B. autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems

C. central; peripheral nervous systems

D. parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems

Text Section: 3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

19. The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

A. autonomic

B. parasympathetic

C. somatic

D. sympathetic

Text Section: 3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

20. The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

A. autonomic

B. parasympathetic

C. somatic

D. sympathetic

Text Section: 3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

21. Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

A. autonomic

B. parasympathetic

C. somatic

D. sympathetic

Text Section: 3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

22. ________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

A. homeostasis

B. resting potential

C. reuptake

D. synergy

Text Section: 3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

23. Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response?

A. adrenaline surges into the bloodstream

B. heart rate and blood pressure increases

C. pupils dilate

D. digestion functions become more active

Text Section: 3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

24. Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

A. cortex; forebrain

B. fissures; folds

C. folds; grooves

D. grooves; folds

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

25. One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

A. brain organization

B. lateralization

C. synaptogenesis

D. Wernicke’s area

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy

26. People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.

A. both visual fields

B. neither visual field

C. only the left visual field

D. only the right visual field

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

27. Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

A. breathing

B. emotion

C. memory

D. reasoning

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

28. Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

A. Broca’s area

B. hippocampus

C. thalamus

D. Wernicke’s area

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

29. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage’s accident, which led to brain injury?

A. Temporal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses.

B. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors.

C. Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior.

D. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

30. Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

A. blindness

B. a loss of both his sense of taste and his sense of smell

C. no sensation in his legs and feet

D. Wernicke’s aphasia

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

31. The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

A. cognition and emotion

B. language, such as speech

C. motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face

D. temperature, touch, and pain

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

32. Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?

A. audition

B. smell

C. taste

D. vision

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

33. Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents’ hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for emotional memories.

A. medulla

B. frontal ganglia

C. reward pathway

D. limbic system

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

34. Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

A. Broca’s area

B. hypothalamus

C. substantia nigra

D. thalamus

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

35. Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?

A. He had encephalitis as a child.

B. He had severe seizures.

C. He was born with an extra area of the cortex.

D. He suffered serious symptoms as a result of having polio.

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

36. Jeremy has Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy’s ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.

A. motor cortex; acetylcholine

B. motor cortex; dopamine

C. substantia nigra; acetylcholine

D. substantia nigra; dopamine

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

37. Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

A. feel someone touching her hand

B. groan and move her eyes

C. hear someone talking to her

D. speak in simple words

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate

38. Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a “tracer” and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

A. computerized tomography (CT) scan

B. electroencephalograph (EEG)

C. magnet resonance imaging (MRI)

D. positron emission tomography (PET)

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

39. Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

A. computerized tomography (CT) scan

B. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

C. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

D. positron emission tomography (PET)

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

40. Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

A. difficulty comprehending language

B. difficulty producing language

C. motor skill deficits in the left side of her body

D. sensory deficits in the right side of her body

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

41. The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.

A. faster; a shorter duration

B. faster; longer lasting

C. slower; a shorter duration

D. slower; longer lasting

Text Section: 3.4 The Endocrine System
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

42. Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads?

A. androgens

B. dopamine

C. endorphins

D. estrogens

Text Section: 3.4 The Endocrine System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

Short Answer

43. List two different functions of glial cells.

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult

44. What are two neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood and sleep?

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

45. What are the two branches of the somatic nervous system?

Text Section: 3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy

46. In which lobes of the brain are the motor cortex and somatosensory cortex located? (hint: there are two different answers!)

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord

Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Difficult

47. Which gland is referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system, and which brain structure links it to the central nervous system?

Text Section: 3.5 The Endocrine System
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate

Essay

48. Explain why the sickle-cell gene does not benefit anyone in the United States, but it may be very advantageous to someone living in rural Zambia, Africa.

Text Section: 3.1 Human Genetics
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult

49. Draw and label the parts of a prototypical myelinated neuron.

Text Section: 3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate

50. Draw and label the four lobes of the brain and give an example of behavioral changes that may occur following damage to each lobe.

Text Section: 3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy