Verified Test Bank Peers and the Sociocultural World Ch15

Chapter 15

Test Bank

1. Brent and Kegan are about the same age and maturity level. They areA. friends.B. peers.C. classmates.D. siblings.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Functions of Peer GroupsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood2. What does a child get from peers that he/she typically cannot get from siblings?A. same-sex friendsB. a sounding board for intimate feelingsC. comparison to others who are the same ageD. a view of the world from another's perspectiveAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Functions of Peer GroupsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood3. According to Jean Piaget and Harry Stack Sullivan, what is a primary thing children learn from their peers?A. reciprocityB. fine motor skillsC. role-playingD. autonomyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Functions of Peer GroupsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood4. Research shows that children who are isolated from or rejected by peers may beA. more obedient to adults.B. prone to depression.C. more socially competent.D. unhappy as children but happier-than-average in midlife.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Functions of Peer GroupsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood5. All of the following parental behaviors have been linked with children's social competence and acceptance EXCEPTA. warmth.B. rough play.C. provision of opportunities.D. advice giving.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Adult-Child and Peer RelationsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood6. To whom are children most likely to turn in times of stress?A. parentsB. teachersC. peersD. grandparentsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Adult-Child and Peer RelationsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood7. Which of the following peer contexts influences child and adolescent development?A. religious settingB. sporting eventC. neighborhoodD. All of these answers are correct.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Contexts8. Which of the following traits is linked to impaired peer relations?A. overzealous religiousnessB. hyperactivityC. negative emotionalityD. unrealistic optimismAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Individual Difference Factors9. Another student bumps into Kari in the classroom. As the student turns to apologize, teary-eyed Kari runs back to her seat feeling picked on. Kari has committed an error inA. social cognition.B. social script forming.C. perspective reciprocating.D. social schema formation.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Social Cognition10. Mia plays alone at recess. The school counselor teaches Mia how to introduce herself and how to join in with peers. The school counselor is trying to increase Mia'sA. perspective-taking skills.B. information-processing skills.C. social knowledge.D. peer aggression.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Social Cognition11. Jake responds calmly when his friend teases him about his haircut. Jake is showing competence inA. sociometric status.B. emotional regulation.C. victimization.D. social cognition.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Regulation of Emotion and Peer Relations12. The extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is termedA. sociometric status.B. socioemotional standing.C. acceptance rank.D. cohort approval status.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses13. Charlie is well liked by many of his peers. He has high self-esteem, controls his temper, and is generally cheerful. What is Charlie's peer status?A. popularB. controversialC. averageD. neglectedAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses14. Which peer status includes children who have many friends and are rarely disliked by peers?A. neglectedB. controversialC. averageD. popularAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses15. Sam is participating in a social skills group that focuses on teaching the children how to join in with peers and make friends. In regard to peer status, Sam is most likely a(n)A. average child.B. popular child.C. controversial child.D. neglected child.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses16. Which peer status group includes children who are not disliked by peers but who are rarely nominated as best friend and are often described as shy?A. rejectedB. neglectedC. averageD. controversialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses17. Kael is participating in a social skills group that focuses on correctly interpreting and appropriately acting on peer input information. In regard to peer status, Kael is most likely a(n)A. average child.B. rejected child.C. popular child.D. controversial child.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses18. Which peer status group includes children who do not have best friends and who are actively disliked by peers?A. neglectedB. averageC. rejectedD. controversialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses19. Candie is a cheerleader. She is often named as best friend by peers, but many of her peers also actively dislike her. What is Candie's peer status?A. popularB. controversialC. rejectedD. neglectedAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses20. Which peer status includes children who are both actively liked and actively disliked by peers?A. popularB. rejectedC. neglectedD. controversialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses21. __________ children often have more psychosocial difficulties later in life than __________ children.A. Popular; controversialB. Controversial; rejectedC. Rejected; neglectedD. Neglected; controversialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses22. Which peer status is consistently linked to development and maintenance of conduct problems?A. neglectedB. averageC. rejectedD. controversialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Peer Statuses23. John Coie suggests three reasons that aggressive, peer-rejected boys may have problems with social relationships. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of these boys?A. lack of spontaneity and impulsivenessB. easily aroused to angerC. fewer social skillsD. lack of sustained attentionAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses24. In his social skills training group, Travis is asked to role-play and discuss possible reactions to hypothetical negative encounters with peers. What is Travis' peer status?A. neglectedB. rejectedC. averageD. popularAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses25. In her social skills training group, Thaina is learning how to attract positive attention by being a good listener and making appropriate comments. What is Thaina's likely peer status?A. popularB. controversialC. rejectedD. neglectedAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses26. In a recent national study of 15,000 students in grades 6 through 10, how many had been involved (as a perpetrator or victim) in bullying?A. almost 1 in 5B. almost 1 in 4C. almost 1 in 3D. nearly halfAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Bullying27. Which of the following statements is TRUE of bullying?A. Children are most likely to be bullied in high school.B. Many bullies are not rejected by the peer group.C. Victims are likely to smoke and drink and have low grades.D. Victims are most likely to be middle-school-aged girls.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Bullying28. At what age do children begin to prefer to spend time with same-sex peers?A. 6 monthsB. 1 yearC. 3 yearsD. 5 yearsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Gender and Peer Relations29. In what type of play group is DeLeon, a 7-year-old boy, MOST likely to engage?A. a mixed-sex groupB. a large clusterC. a group of 2 or 3D. imaginaryAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Cliques and CrowdsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood30. When is an adolescent are more likely to conform to her peers?A. when their clique is not presentB. when they are in the presence of someone they think has a lower statusC. when she is unsure of her social identityD. when rule-breaking or risk-taking behavior is committed by peersAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Cliques and CrowdsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood31. When does conformity to peers tend to peak?A. 4th gradeB. 5th-6th gradeC. 7th-8th gradeD. 8th-9th gradeAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Peer Pressure32. Brad's group of friends is known as the "smart kids" at school. This is hisA. clique.B. circle.C. crowd.D. gang.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Cliques and CrowdsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood33. Trisha's small group of friends does most everything together. This is herA. clique.B. circle.C. crowd.D. gang.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Cliques and CrowdsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood34. Jake feels secure knowing that his friend Steve is available whether the activity is golfing or studying for an exam. This is an example of which friendship function?A. companionshipB. stimulationC. physical supportD. ego supportAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: Functions of Friendship35. Jack is often sad because he just experienced the loss of his favorite pet. His friend Jason frequently makes Jack laugh, and offers to take him to movies, etc. This is most likely an example of which friendship function?A. companionshipB. stimulationC. physical supportD. ego supportAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: Functions of FriendshipTopic: Middle and Late Childhood36. When José talks to his friend, he realizes that his feelings about his brothers and sisters are normal. This is an example of which friendship function?A. companionshipB. ego supportC. social comparisonD. stimulationAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: Functions of FriendshipTopic: Middle and Late Childhood37. Anne encourages George-Michael to run for class president, assuring him that he is well-liked and capable. This is an example of which friendship function?A. stimulationB. physical supportC. intimacy/affectionD. ego supportAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Functions of Friendship38. Jessica and Nicole feel secure disclosing private thoughts and personal information to each other. They have a high degree ofA. intimacy in friendship.B. cliquish behavior.C. perspective-taking.D. social knowledge.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Functions of Friendship39. Jacene is never bored with her friends. They seem to attract adventure. This is an example of which friendship function?A. companionshipB. stimulationC. physical supportD. ego supportAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Functions of Friendship40. In childhood, friendships are typically characterized byA. ego support.B. differences.C. similarity.D. stimulation.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: FriendshipTopic: Middle and Late Childhood41. Not all friendships are healthy or positive. Which of the following friend characteristics is NOT developmentally advantageous?A. socially skilledB. academicC. coerciveD. supportiveAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: FriendshipTopic: Middle and Late Childhood42. Whenever Heidi and Melissa get together, they end up discussing problems they are having with their other friends, boyfriends, and parents. This is an example ofA. bullying.B. co-rumination.C. ethnocentrism.D. a crowd.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Friendship43. Steve and Haley rarely go out anymore. Haley is becoming bored and depressed. According to Sullivan, what is the relationship lacking?A. playful companionshipB. tendernessC. social acceptanceD. sexual relationsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Friendship44. Fifteen-year-old Ash has no good friends and lacks a sense of social acceptance. What is a likely outcome of this circumstance?A. abnormally close relationship with a sibling or parentB. increased susceptibility to violent behaviorC. social independenceD. loneliness and reduced sense of self-worthAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Friendship45. Sullivan believes that in particular, for the need for ______ intensifies the most in early adolescence.A. respectB. compatibilityC. intimacyD. similarityAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Friendship46. Whereas girls' friendships in adolescence often focus on intimacy, boys' friendships tend to emphasizeA. power and excitement.B. problem solving.C. academic achievement.D. gossip and aggression.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Friendship47. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about adolescents with older friends?A. They are more likely to engage in delinquent behaviors.B. They are likely to have higher grades and educational aspirations.C. They are more socially competent and mature than those who interact with their own age group.D. They usually have younger friends and more same-age friends as well.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Friendship48. Sheri is an emerging adult with a new boyfriend. Sheri's boyfriend most likelyA. has a different ethnicity and religion.B. is psychologically destructive.C. has different educational goals than Sheri.D. is more integrated and similar than the one she had in high school.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: Emerging AdulthoodTopic: Friendship49. Two high school best friends enter their first year of college together. Which of the following is most likely to happen?A. They will use each other as emotional supports but may keep each other from expanding their social experiences.B. They will help introduce each other to disparate friend groups.C. Their friendship will decline in satisfaction and commitment.D. They will rely on each other more during times of pressure.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: Emerging AdulthoodTopic: Functions of Friendship50. Compared to adult men, adult women tend to have _____ close friends and friendships that are more _____.A. more; functionalB. fewer; functionalC. more; intimateD. fewer; intimateAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdulthoodTopic: Gender Differences51. Mark and Brennan are good friends. Which of the following statements MOST likely characterizes their relationship?A. They disclose problems and personal weaknesses.B. They expect sympathy and listening from each other.C. They share and ask for useful information in the form of practical solutions to problems.D. They get together frequently just to talk.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdulthoodTopic: Gender Differences52. Sheryl and Lynda are close friends. Which of the following statements MOST likely characterizes their relationship?A. They compete with each other and frequently disagree.B. When they talk, each wants practical solutions to their problems rather than sympathy.C. They get together frequently to enjoy outdoor activities.D. They often get together just to talk.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdulthoodTopic: Friendship53. Marilee has turned to her close friend, Chuck, for support about a problem at work. Chuck is most likely to respond byA. listening without judgment.B. validating her feelings.C. changing the conversation to one he feels more comfortable discussing.D. offering solutions to her conflict.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdulthoodTopic: Friendship54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about friendship in late adulthood?A. Older adults experience less intense positive emotions with new friends than established friends.B. Friendships are more important than family relationships in predicting mental health.C. Individuals with close ties with friends have greater longevity.D. Older adults experience more negative than positive emotions with established friends.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: FriendshipTopic: Late Adulthood55. Freud and Erikson believe that play helps childrenA. enhance cognitive development.B. explore the environment.C. master anxieties and conflicts.D. increase affiliation with peers.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Play's Function56. Daniel Berlyne believes that play helps childrenA. develop motor skills and coordination.B. master anxieties and conflicts.C. increase affiliation with peers.D. safely explore and seek out new information.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Play's Function57. Which of the following is increasingly reducing children's time for play?A. institutional activitiesB. interactions with grandparentsC. electronic mediaD. chores and work-related activitiesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Play's Function58. Running, jumping, sliding, and throwing balls are examples ofA. practice playB. constructive playC. social playD. gamesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Sensorimotor and Practice Play59. In which play type does a child transform the physical environment into a symbol and act toward objects as though they are other objects?A. socialB. practiceC. pretense/symbolicD. sensorimotorAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Pretense/Symbolic Play60. Nan holds the remote control to her ear and pretends to speak on the phone. In which of Bergen's play types is she engaged?A. pretense/symbolicB. socialC. gamesD. parallelAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Pretense/Symbolic Play61. Two-year-old Mac arranges his blocks into the form of a smiley face. In which play type is Mac engaged?A. constructiveB. unoccupiedC. onlookerD. parallelAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: InfancyTopic: Sensorimotor and Practice Play62. Kylie plays a partner computer game with her big sister. They each take turns making the alphabet monster eat a letter. In which type of play (Sumaroka & Bornstein, 2008) is Kylie engaged?A. socialB. practiceC. constructiveD. pretense/symbolicAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Social Play63. Which type of play happens when an infant selects novel objects for exploration, especially toys that make noise or bounce?A. sensorimotorB. practiceC. pretense/symbolicD. constructiveAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: InfancyTopic: Sensorimotor and Practice Play64. Todd is playing in his throwing his ball repeatedly against the wall and catching it. In which type of play is he engaged?A. sensorimotorB. practiceC. constructiveD. gamesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Constructive PlayTopic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Middle and Late Childhood65. Which type of play dramatically increases during the preschool years and involves turn taking, conversations, social games and routines, and physical play?A. sensorimotorB. socialC. pretense/symbolicD. gamesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Social Play66. Kenna plays "store" and uses blocks and boxes for shelves and goods for sale. She is engaged in which type of play?A. sensorimotorB. socialC. pretense/symbolicD. gamesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Pretense/Symbolic Play67. Pretense/symbolic play peaks when a child is _____ year(s) old and then gradually declines.A. 1B. 2C. 5D. 8Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Pretense/Symbolic Play68. Young children's pretense/symbolic play fosters which of the following capacities?A. fine motor skillsB. gross motor skillsC. early mathematical skillsD. balancing of social rolesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Trends in Play69. Bryn loves to see the toys on her bouncer seat move when she kicks her feet. In which of Bergen's play types is Bryn engaged?A. socialB. pretense/symbolicC. sensorimotorD. gamesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: InfancyTopic: Sensorimotor and Practice Play70. Which play type is characterized by having rules?A. leisureB. gamesC. social playD. pretense/symbolic playAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Games71. In which industrialized country do adolescents have the most leisure time?A. JapanB. SwedenC. the United StatesD. FranceAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Leisure72. According to some studies (including by Mahoney, Larson, & Eccles), which of the following activities may be beneficial for adolescent development?A. unchallenging leisure activitiesB. unstructured timeC. structured voluntary activitiesD. unstructured relaxation and social interactionAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Leisure73. Ted is a U.S. adult looking back on his life. He most likely regrets which of the following?A. taking too many vacationsB. not working harder and for longer hoursC. not engaging in more leisure activitiesD. spending too much time with his childrenAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: AdulthoodTopic: Leisure74. What percentage of U.S. adults 60 years and older spend no time in non-sedentary leisure activities?A. 10 percentB. 20 percentC. 30 percentD. over 50 percentAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: LeisureTopic: Middle Adulthood75. Which of the following has been linked to more vacation/leisure time?A. better health and lower mortality rateB. higher incomeC. lower level of subjective well-beingD. shorter telomere lengthAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: AdulthoodTopic: Leisure76. Mr. Carter will retire next month. He has slowly been removing his mark from the company, as well as lessening his interest and activity in his community. This is an example of the pattern predicted by which theory of aging?A. activityB. disengagementC. socioemotional selectivityD. social breakdown-reconstructionAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Theories of Aging77. Jorge retires next month. He has promised to return to train new employees when needed and is looking forward to being more politically involved in the community and devoting more time to his hobbies. This is an example of which aging theory?A. disengagementB. socioemotional selectivityC. social breakdown-reconstructionD. activityAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Theories of Aging78. Which theory holds the most positive view of the abilities of elderly adults?A. activityB. disengagementC. social breakdown-reconstructionD. socioemotional selectivityAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Theories of Aging79. Which social aging theory states that older adults become more selective about their social networks and may seek greater emotional quality in relationships with friends and family?A. social convoyB. disengagementC. activityD. socioemotional selectivityAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Theories of Aging80. As a minister who is concerned about the welfare of her parishioners, Reverend Douglas creates many roles in the church for retired church members. Reverend Douglas appears to be applying _____ theory.A. disengagementB. socioemotional selectivityC. evangelicalD. activityAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Theories of Aging81. When employers do not hire older adults for new jobs or the employers ease older workers out of their jobs due to misperceptions about reduced competence, employers are practicingA. stereotype threat.B. ageism.C. generational inequity.D. age-incongruity.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Stereotyping82. Belle and Frank still get together with the friends they associated with as newlyweds. They have received and given much emotional support over the years as each couple has faced different challenges. This relationship is best described byA. disengagement theory.B. ageism.C. a social convoy.D. social breakdown and reconstruction theory.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Support/Integration83. All of the following are true of social support in older adults EXCEPTA. it is linked with low self-esteem.B. it is related to physical and mental health.C. it is linked with longevity.D. it is associated with lower instances of depression.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Support/Integration84. Irma is an older adult. Although she has adequate food, health care, and other resources, she lacks non-assistance-related social support such as emotional closeness with others. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Irma's situation?A. Irma is less likely to be depressed.B. Irma is less likely to be institutionalized.C. Irma is less likely to have negative emotional experiences.D. Irma has a higher risk of earlier death.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Support/Integration85. Alex is an older adult who frequently attends community meetings, participates in church activities, exercises, and travels with his wife. Alex isA. lacking in mental stimulation.B. at risk for disease.C. aging successfully.D. gradually withdrawing from society.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Successful Aging86. Behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group of people that are passed on from generation to generation are known collectively asA. ethnicity.B. culture.C. gender stereotypes.D. age stereotypes.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Culture87. Dr. Janz is comparing various aspects of several countries and religions. This type of study is termedA. longitudinal.B. ethnocentric.C. cross-sectional.D. cross-cultural.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Culture88. Cultures that value self-actualization, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and the like are labeledA. collectivistic.B. masculine.C. individualistic.D. feminine.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Individualism and Collectivism89. Which of the following terms refers to an individual's tendency to consider his/her own group superior to others?A. cultureB. ethnocentrismC. individualismD. self-termAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Culture90. Cultures that value harmonious relationships and interdependence of members are labeledA. collectivistic.B. masculine.C. individualistic.D. feminine.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Individualism and Collectivism91. When asked who he is, Lee responds that he is a member of the Chaiox family, belongs to the chess club, and is on the soccer team. What type of perspective does this most closely represent?A. efficaciousB. ethnicC. individualisticD. collectivisticAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Individualism and Collectivism92. When asked who she is, Lucy responds that she is proud, energetic, and a great athlete. What type of perspective does this most closely represent?A. individualisticB. collectivisticC. masculineD. feminineAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Emerging AdulthoodTopic: Individualism and Collectivism93. Self-doubt, self-reinforcement, and self-criticism are psychology terms that reflect an _____ culture.A. individualisticB. collectivistC. primitiveD. ethnocentricAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Individualism and Collectivism94. Based on a 2009 survey, daily media usage jumps by almost _____ hour(s) in early adolescence.A. 1B. 3C. 5D. 7Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Media/Screen Time95. Television viewing is NOT linked to which of the following negative outcomes for children and adolescents?A. lower school achievementB. low self-esteemC. obesityD. makes them passive learnersAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Media/Screen Time96. Brooke is 12 years old and spends a lot of time on the Internet. She uses chat rooms and is very active on Facebook and Instagram. Brooke's parents should do which of the following?A. closely monitor Brooke's online activitiesB. assume that Brooke is making healthy choices onlineC. put a computer in Brooke's room so she doesn't distract other family membersD. be content that Brooke isn't watching more harmful TV showsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Media/Screen Time97. What is the main way that adolescents connect with their friends?A. textingB. face-to-face contactC. instant messagingD. voice callingAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Media/Screen Time98. Researchers have found links between older adults’ increased use of the Internet andA. increased social isolation.B. lower rates of depression.C. more difficulty in meeting new people.D. lower overall connection to society.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: The Internet and Aging Adults99. Socioeconomic status refers to grouping according to the characteristics ofA. occupation.B. education.C. personal economics.D. All of these answers are correct.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: AdulthoodTopic: Socioeconomic Status100. In 2014, what percentage of U.S. children and adolescents were living in families below the poverty line?A. about 10 percentB. over 21 percentC. about 42 percentD. over 33 percentAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Poverty101. Of the following, who is the LEAST likely to live in poverty?A. female-headed familyB. non-Latino White familyC. African American familyD. Latino familyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Poverty102. Research indicates that persistent poverty has several long-term effects. Which of the following is NOT one of those effects?A. a higher physiological level of stressB. lower cognitive functioningC. less effective executive functioning in second- and third-gradersD. a higher level of academic persistenceAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Poverty103. The _____ of poverty refers to the fact that far more women than men live in poverty.A. ethnicityB. masculine shieldC. feminizationD. collectivismAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Poverty104. Eddie's childhood is marked with persistent and long-standing poverty. Compared to a child not living in poverty, he is more likely to be exposed to which of the following?A. environmental toxinsB. family turmoilC. exposure to violenceD. All of these answers are correct.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Poverty105. The number of older persons living in poverty in the United States in 2014 was approximatelyA. 10 percent.B. 25 percent.C. 33 percent.D. 40 percent.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Poverty106. Which two factors appear to be associated with greater poverty in old age?A. health and marital statusB. years of work and type of employerC. sex and ethnicityD. number of children and savingsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Poverty107. Which ethnic group of children is expected to be the fastest-growing in the United States by the year 2060?A. LatinoB. Asian AmericanC. WhiteD. African AmericanAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Ethnicity108. Although Kiesha lives in an affluent suburb with parents who are white-collar professionals, she still feels the stress of being an ethnic minority in America becauseA. ethnic groups have been assimilated in the American experience.B. the rites of passage differ among different ethnic groups in America.C. many universals of adolescent development are determined by one's race and genes.D. stereotypes and prejudice are pervasive in the United States and cut across economic levels.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Ethnicity and Families109. The double disadvantage suffered by ethnic minority individuals consists ofA. the lack of clear rites of passage and identity confusion.B. diversity and difference.C. prejudice and poverty.D. bias and assimilation.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: BasicLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Ethnicity110. As an African American, George is likely to face __________ in his elder years.A. racism and sexismB. ageism and sexismC. racism and ageismD. racism, sexism, and ageismAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: EthnicityTopic: Middle and Late Childhood111. List two ways in which parents might influence their children's peer relations.

1. By choosing neighborhoods, churches, schools, and parents' friends2. by coaching children about the negatives of peer relations3. by providing warmth and giving advice

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Adult-Child and Peer RelationsTopic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Middle and Late Childhood112. List and describe the five types of peer status.

1. Popular: frequently nominated as a best friend and rarely disliked by their peers.2. Average: receive both positive and negative nominations from peers.3. Neglected: infrequently nominated as a best friend but not disliked by their peers.4. Rejected: infrequently nominated as someone's best friend and actively disliked by their peers.5. Controversial: frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses113. Explain one of John Coie’s reasons why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships.

1. They are more impulsive and have problem sustaining attention. They may be disruptive in classroom and focused play.2. They are emotionally reactive. They are aroused to anger easily and have difficulty calming down. They are more prone to become angry and attack peers verbally and/or physically.3. They have fewer social skills in making and maintaining positive relationships with peers.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Peer Statuses114. Explain one way in which gender influences social interaction in childhood.

1. Gender composition: Around the age of three, children prefer to spend time with same-sex playmates. From age 4 to age 12, this preference increases.2. Group size: From 5 years old and on, boys typically associate in larger clusters than girls do.3. Interaction in same-sex groups: Boys are more likely to participate in organized group games than girls. Boys tend to engage in rough-and-tumble play, competition, conflict, ego displays, risk-taking, and dominance-seeking. Boys seek group goals. Girls are more likely to engage in collaborative discourse.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Gender and Peer RelationsTopic: Middle and Late Childhood115. List five functions that a friendship may serve.

1. companionship2. stimulation3. ego support4. social comparison5. intimacy/affection

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: Functions of Friendship116. List three of Wentzel’s effective and three ineffective strategies that adults can recommend to children and adolescents for making friends.

Effective1. Initiate interaction.2. Be nice.3. Engage in prosocial behavior.4. Show respect for yourself and others.5. Provide social support.Ineffective1. Be psychologically aggressive.2. Present yourself negatively.3. Behave antisocially.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: FriendshipTopic: Middle and Late Childhood117. What has been linked to friendships between adolescents of different ages?

An adolescent who associates with older friends has a higher propensity toward delinquent behavior.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span.Topic: AdolescenceTopic: Friendship118. List three functions of play identified in your text.

1. Improved language and communication skills2. Releases tension3. Advances cognitive development4. Encourages exploratory behavior5. Increases the probability that children will converse and interact with each other

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Play's Function119. List the six types of play identified with the contemporary perspective on play.

1. Sensorimotor play2. Practice play3. Pretense/symbolic play4. Social play5. Constructive play6. Games

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: InfancyTopic: Types of Play120. Compare and contrast the two social aging theories.

Disengagement: states that older adults should gradually withdraw from society in order to cope effectively with aging. In this view, older adults develop increasing self-preoccupation, lessen emotional ties with others, and show decreasing interest in society's affairs.Activity: states that older adults will be more satisfied with their lives if they are actively involved in hobbies, volunteerism, social activities, and so on.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: AnalyzeDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Theories of Aging121. Explain the concept of a social convoy.

Individuals go through life embedded in a personal network of individuals from whom they give and receive social support. This support can help individuals cope more effectively at any age.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Late AdulthoodTopic: Social Support/Integration122. Describe two of Brislin's characteristics of culture.

1. Culture is made up of ideals, values, and assumptions about life that guide behavior.2. Culture consists of those aspects of the environment that people make.3. Culture is transmitted from generation to generation, with transmission as the responsibility of parents, teachers, and community leaders.4. People react emotionally to violations of cultural values and expectations.5. Individuals often accept and reject a cultural value at some point in life.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging.Topic: Culture123. Describe the concept of ethnocentrism.

People in all cultures tend to1. believe that what happens in their culture is natural and correct, and that what happens in other cultures is unnatural and incorrect.2. perceive their cultural customs as universally valid.3. behave in ways that favor their cultural group.4. feel hostile toward other cultural groups.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Culture124. Distinguish between individualistic and collectivistic societies.

Individualistic societies give priority to personal goals rather than group goals, whereas collectivistic societies emphasize values that serve the group rather than personal goals.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: AnalyzeDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Individualism and Collectivism125. List three factors that are likely to predict high status for the elderly in a culture.

1. Older persons have valuable knowledge.2. Older persons control key family or community resources.3. Older persons are permitted to engage in useful and valued functions as long as possible.4. There is role continuity throughout the life span.5. Age-related role changes involve greater responsibility, authority, and an advisory capacity.6. The extended family is a common family arrangement.7. The culture is more collectivistic than individualistic.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Aging and CultureTopic: Late Adulthood126. Define and explain the concept of socioeconomic status.

A socioeconomic status refers a to grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics. In general, members of a society have1. occupations that vary in prestige, and some individuals have more access than others to higher-status occupations.2. different levels of educational attainment, and some individuals have more access than others to better education.3. different economic resources.4. different degrees of power to influence a community.These differences go together. For instance, people with prestigious occupations tend to also have higher levels of education, more economic resources, and more power. Together these differences produce socioeconomic status—the grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: AdulthoodTopic: Socioeconomic Status127. Describe two differences in the child-rearing practices of low- and high-socioeconomic status groups.

Lower-SES parents:1. are more concerned that their children conform to society's expectations.2. create a home atmosphere in which it is clear that parents have authority over children.3. use physical punishment more in disciplining their children.4. are more directive and less conversational with their children.

Higher-SES parents:1. are more concerned with developing children's initiative and delay of gratification.2. create a home atmosphere in which children are more nearly equal participants and in which rules are discussed as opposed to being "laid down" in an authoritarian manner.3. are less likely to use physical punishment.4. are less directive and more conversational with their children.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: AnalyzeDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Early ChildhoodTopic: Middle and Late ChildhoodTopic: Socioeconomic Status128. List two psychological ramifications of living in poverty.

The poor:1. are rarely decision makers and are often powerless.2. are often vulnerable to disaster.3. have restricted alternatives.4. have less prestige.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Poverty129. Explain the feminization of poverty.

Far more women than men live in poverty due to single parenting, low income, infrequent alimony, and poorly enforced child support.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Poverty130. Describe two programs designed to help low-income families.

Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP) was designed to move adults off the welfare rolls and into paid employment. It guaranteed that adults who participated would receive more money if they worked than if they didn't. The New Hope program was designed to increase parental employment and reduce family poverty.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: ModerateLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Poverty131. Describe the double disadvantage experienced by many ethnic minority adolescents.

Many ethnic minority adolescents experience prejudice, discrimination, and bias because of their minority status. If these adolescents come from families that also happen to be poor, they also face the stressful effects of poverty. This combines to form a double disadvantage.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAPA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposesBloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty Level: DifficultLearning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development.Topic: Ethnicity

Category # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 131

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 21

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains 131

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology 47

APA Outcome: 4.1: Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes 12

Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply 48

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember 49

Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand 31

Difficulty Level: Basic 61

Difficulty Level: Difficult 16

Difficulty Level: Moderate 54

Learning Objective: Describe the developmental aspects of play and leisure. 23

Learning Objective: Discuss peer relations in childhood and adolescence. 37

Learning Objective: Evaluate sociocultural influences on development. 34

Learning Objective: Explain the role of friendship through the life span. 24

Learning Objective: Summarize the social aspects of aging. 13

Topic: Adolescence 27

Topic: Adult-Child and Peer Relations 3

Topic: Adulthood 8

Topic: Aging and Culture 1

Topic: Bullying 2

Topic: Cliques and Crowds 4

Topic: Constructive Play 1

Topic: Culture 5

Topic: Early Childhood 18

Topic: Emerging Adulthood 3

Topic: Ethnicity 4

Topic: Ethnicity and Families 1

Topic: Friendship 14

Topic: Functions of Friendship 8

Topic: Functions of Peer Groups 4

Topic: Games 1

Topic: Gender and Peer Relations 2

Topic: Gender Differences 2

Topic: Individual Difference Factors 1

Topic: Individualism and Collectivism 6

Topic: Infancy 4

Topic: Late Adulthood 16

Topic: Leisure 5

Topic: Media/Screen Time 4

Topic: Middle Adulthood 1

Topic: Middle and Late Childhood 41

Topic: Peer Contexts 1

Topic: Peer Pressure 1

Topic: Peer Statuses 16

Topic: Play's Function 4

Topic: Poverty 10

Topic: Pretense/Symbolic Play 4

Topic: Regulation of Emotion and Peer Relations 1

Topic: Sensorimotor and Practice Play 4

Topic: Social Cognition 2

Topic: Social Play 2

Topic: Social Support/Integration 4

Topic: Social Theories of Aging 6

Topic: Socioeconomic Status 3

Topic: Stereotyping 1

Topic: Successful Aging 1

Topic: The Internet and Aging Adults 1

Topic: Trends in Play 1

Topic: Types of Play 1