Chapter 4: Kinesics: Engaging Motion and Gestures

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. A child’s process of learning to mimic facial expressions of others to achieve desired emotional states and outcomes is called ______.

A. intermodal mirroring

B. expressive mirroring

C. intermodal matching

D. kinesic matching

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Kinesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. When someone appears to be looking directly at us with intent they are engaging in ______ behaviors.

A. gaze

B. ocular

C. memorable

D. fixed

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Communication, Movement, and the Face

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. What is an affect display?

A. A facial expression that conceals an internal emotion.

B. A facial expression that reveals an internal emotion.

C. Behaviors that are designed to exaggerate emotions.

D. Behaviors that are designed to minimize emotions.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Affect Displays

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which of the following is an accurate description of the facial cues associated with fear?

A. Eyebrows that are raised and drawn together, with parted lips that have depressed corners.

B. Low eyebrows and raised eyelids, with a tight raised upper lip and a depressed lower lip surrounding an open mouth.

C. Raised eyebrows and eyelids, and stretched lips surrounding an open mouth.

D. Raised chin with wrinkled nose, where the upper lip is raised over an open mouth with a tongue sticking out.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Affect Displays

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The emotion of ______ is characterized by a head tilted upward sporting raised eyebrows and eyelids over eyes that are moved down, typically with a jaw that is dropped.

A. disgust

B. anger

C. happiness

D. surprise

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Affect Displays

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. According to the universalist position, the ability to produce and recognize facial expressions ______.

A. is a product of culture

B. is a product of biology

C. results in display rules

D. varies based on context

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neurocultural Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The position that affect displays are a combination of innate biologically based inherited behaviors and culture-specific learned behaviors is known as the ______.

A. cultural relativist position

B. universalist position

C. primary theory

D. neocultural theory

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Neurocultural Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. At a staff meeting when a coworker takes credit and receives praise for a job that he actually did, Paolo feels a surge of anger. But rather than start a fight in public, Paolo displays a blank expression reflecting a ______ affect.

A. flat

B. bottom

C. cold

D. distant

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Neurocultural Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The application of display rules in the production and expression of emotions supports the ______ because ______.

A. universalist position; the acquisition of display rules is innate

B. primary theory; the acquisition of display rules is learned

C. neocultural theory; the acquisition of display rules is innate

D. neocultural theory; the acquisition of display rules is learned

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Neurocultural Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Anjali daydreams about spending time outside of class with her classmate Peter. When she passes Peter in the hallway holding hands with another woman, Anjali’s facial expression instantly displays disappointment, but she catches herself and shares a warm smile instead, demonstrating what Ekman and Friesen call a ______.

A. macroexpression

B. microexpression

C. nanoexpression

D. nominal expression

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ekman and Friesen’s Microexpressions

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Emotional displays through facial expressions are a form of ______

about an underlying emotional state or opinion.

A. cultural structure

B. cultural signaling

C. social structure

D. social signaling

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Signaling

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The ways in which we use motion with our hands to communicate a message or to aid in the communication of a message are called ______.

A. illustrators

B. regulators

C. adaptors

D. body orientations

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Illustrators

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Which of the following is considered an illustrator?

A. twisting and untwirling a paperclip during a boring meeting

B. nodding your head as you listen to a cowork share a long story.

C. pointing in a particular direction as you say, “follow me”

D. greeting an unwelcome guest stranger with folded arms

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Illustrators

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Kinesic behaviors that are used to manage the flow of conversation are called ______.

A. adaptors

D. self-adaptors

C. self-regulators

D. regulators

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Regulators

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. When Jason stops abruptly in the middle of delivering a report at a meeting, his supervisor uses a sweeping hand gesture to encourage him to continue. Which of the following kinesic behaviors is Jason’s supervisor displaying?

A. illustrator

B. adaptor

C. regulator

D. body orientation

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Regulators

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. How are illustrators and regulators similar?

A. Both illustrators and regulators require the use of hand gestures.

B. Both illustrators and regulators commonly use head movements.

C. Both illustrators and regulators are frequently used kinesic behaviors.

D. Both illustrators and regulators are only used to accompany verbal messages.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Regulators

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Which of the following is one of the types of behavior that allows an individual to release excess energy?

A. self-illustrator

B. self-adaptor

C. self-regulator

D. self-orientation

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adaptors

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which of the following is an example of an object-adaptor?

A. nail-biting

B. hair-twirling

C. snapping a rubber band

D. tapping your fingers

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adaptors

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. How do self-adaptors differ from other adaptors?

A. Self-adaptors are an effective way to discharge excess energy, while other adaptors are not.

B. Self-adaptors are predictable, while other adaptors are random.

C. Self-adaptors are body-based, while other adaptors are object-based.

D. Self-adaptors use one’s own body, while other adaptors rely on another’s body.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adaptor

Difficulty Level: Hard

20. The kinesic behavior that involves using our entire body to move our torso toward or away from interactions with others is called ______.

A. body orientation

B. illustration

C. adaptation

D. regulation

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Body Orientation

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Lesley and Aaron have been living together for several years, but neither of them is very happy in the relationship. During dinner they often turn away from each to watch the TV, a movement that displays ______.

A. convenient body orientation

B. closed body orientation

C. cold body orientation

D. complex body orientation

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Body Orientation

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. When Allison picks up her daughter at daycare after a long day at work, her daughter always runs toward her with outstretched arms displaying ______.

A. other adaptation

B. other regulation

C. open regulation

D. open body orientation

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Body Orientation

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. In contrast to adaptors that convey information to regulate conversation flow, body orientation conveys information that indicates ______.

A. the content of the conversation

B. whether one wants to engage in the conversation

C. whether the environment is conducive to conversation

D. variations in the vocalics of the conversation

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Body Orientation

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. When Terrence first sees his friend Kristen, she’s on the other side of a busy street so he waves to get her attention and points to the crosswalk ahead. When she starts to step off the curb as a bus comes by, he raises his hand to signal her to stop. To communicate with Kristen, Terrence has used ______.

A. illustrators and body orientation

B. adaptors and a regulator

C. illustrators and a regulator

D. regulators and body orientation

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Regulator

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. To encourage her new friend Sunita to share personal information about her life, Zoe sits facing her directly and nods her head often at the same time that she twirls a strand of her long hair around a finger to help maintain focus. Zoe is using which of the following kinesic behaviors?

A. open body orientation, regulator, and self-adaptor

B. open body orientation, illustrator, and other adaptor

C. regulator, illustrator, and closed body orientation

D. regulator, illustrator, and body-adaptor

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Body Orientation

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

1. Our earliest patterns of communication are usually established when we are school age.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Kinesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Gaze behaviors involve looking directly at someone with intent.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Communication, Movement, and the Face

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, gratitude, and disgust are the six most commonly discussed emotional displays.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Affect Displays

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. When your eyebrows are raised and drawn together and your lips are parted with depressed corners you are likely experiencing sadness.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Affect Displays

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. When Barry was asked to take on new responsibilities at work, he displayed nonverbal behaviors that included low eyebrows and raised eyelids with a tight raised upper lip and a depressed lower lip surrounding an open mouth. In response to the request, Barry’s affect display suggests he was experiencing happiness.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Affect Displays

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Surprise is characterized by a head that tilts upward with raised eyebrows and eyelids in contrast to eyes that have moved down, typically with a jaw that is also dropped.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Affect Displays

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The cultural relativist position suggests that the ability to produce and recognize facial expressions is a product of biology.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neurocultural Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Display rules tell us how we are “supposed” to display emotion within our culture.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neurocultural Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Neurocultural theory includes the perspectives of both the universalist and the cultural relativist positions.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Neurocultural Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. When Monique is triggered to anger, her face immediately flushes and her eyes narrow. Knowing this, she’s learned to dampen the surge of energy she experiences with anger by flashing a smile demonstrating her ability to manage her microexpression.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ekman and Friesen’s Microexpressions

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. At the fabric store, when Claudine uses her hands to communicate how long she would like her ribbon to be, she’s using an adaptor.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Illustrator

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. During a nonvideo conference call, an even flow of conversation can be difficult to maintain because of the lack of nonverbal regulators.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Regulator

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. During a long classroom lecture, when Bryan begins to move one of his knees up and down under his desk in an attempt to remain focused, he’s using a self-adaptor.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adaptors

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Object adaptors are most often used to release excess energy while other adaptors are primarily used to reduce stress.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adaptors

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Body orientation is often described as “open” or “closed” depending upon where we aim the center of our torso.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Body Orientation

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Using an example, explain how the process of intermodal matching aids infants in learning to get their needs met within a family structure.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Kinesics

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. How does a facial expression exhibiting gaze behavior differ from a facial expression that is not exhibiting gaze behavior?

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Communication, Movement, and the Face

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Identify, compare, and contrast the facial expression components of two of the most commonly discussed affect displays.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Understand the impact of facial expressions on conveying emotion.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Affect Displays

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Differentiate between the universalist position and the cultural relativist position on the origins of emotional display.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Compare the functional and structural approaches to kinesics.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Neurocultural Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Identify three categories of gestures and explain what each category contributes to the communication of a message.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe different categories of kinesic behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Communication, Movement, and the Hands and Body

Difficulty Level: Hard