Chapter 3: Identity and the Nonverbal Codes

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements best conveys the meaning of the word “gender?”

A. A cultural agreement about which aspects of physical appearance are representations of masculinity, femininity, or both.

B. A culturally defined understanding of which social behaviors are generally believed to be representations of masculinity, femininity, both, or neither.

C. A designation of biological factors such as in genital, chromosomal, and hormonal displays that are representations of maleness and femaleness.

D. Culturally defined norms such as when and how to engage in sexual behaviors.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sex and Gender

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Which of the following is an example of androgynous social behaviors?

A. Julia’s favorite color is pink and she always carries her signature pink backpack.

B. Emily spent all of her savings on a frilly, flowery prom dress, but most days she wears jeans and bottom-down shirts from the boy’s department of her local department store.

C. Pete is into self-care and likes to splurge at his neighborhood salon on painted nails and pedicures.

D. Juan is embarrassed when he drives his mother’s minivan to school, so he borrows his father’s truck whenever he can.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sex and Gender

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Jeremy and Danielle were colleagues who started their jobs at about the same time, had essentially the same education, and performed their duties equally well. When a management position opened up, Clyde, their supervisor, offered the job to Jeremy. However, Jeremy declined because he felt his ______ gave him an unfair advantage.

A. employability

B. male privilege

C. ethnicity

D. competency

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Race

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The region of the country you live in can contribute to your ______ identity.

A. undifferentiated

B. social

C. cultural

D. intercultural

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Culture

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. At a family gathering, Chloe gathers a plate of food and retreats to a seat in the corner. When Chloe’s sister, Alexa, sees her sister’s behavior, she says out loud to no one in particular, “There she goes again, forever the introvert.” Alexa is commenting on Chloe’s ______ identity.

A. social

B. cultural

C. personal

D. personality-driven

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. A nonverbal code can best be defined as ______.

A. behaviors that are an expression of personality-driven identity

B. a category of communicative behaviors grouped by nonverbal characteristics

C. a category of personality characterized by nonverbal behaviors

D. behaviors that combine to create a comprehensive expressions of identity

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identity, Relationships, and Nonverbal Codes

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the following is a complete list of nonverbal codes?

A. kinesics, proxemics, haptics, oculesics, vocalics, physical appearance, environmental, olfactics, and chronemics

B. cultural, haptics, oculesics, vocalics, personality-driven, ethnic, environmental, olfactics, and chronemics

B. chronemics, kinesics, behavioral, oculesics, vocalics, physical appearance, extroverts, olfactics, and environmental

D. kinesics, proxemics, haptics, accurate messages, verbal messages, physical appearance, environmental, olfactics, and chronemics

Learning Objective: 3-2: List each of the nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Identity, Relationships, and Nonverbal Codes

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The nonverbal code that most explicitly deals with movements and motion-based behaviors is known as ______.

A. chronemics

B. proxemics

C. kinesics

D. vocalics

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Kinesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Which of the following examples is an expression of the kinesics code?

A. Jemma shouts “Hello” to her friend from across the room.

B. Bethany reaches out to hug her friend to express empathy.

C. Joseph raises his voice to express his displeasure with the service he’s received at a restaurant.

D. Courtney waves “Hello” to her friend from across the room.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Kinesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The nonverbal code that involves communicating through the use of personal space and interpersonal distance is known as ______.

A. proxemics

B. kinesics

C. chronemics

D. environmental

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Proxemics

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. When Jaycee and Scarlett are introduced at a workplace holiday party, Scarlett’s first impression is that Jaycee is good looking and well-mannered. She thinks she’d like to get to know him better. During their conversation, Jaycee moves forward, little by little, until Scarlett feels like her space has been “invaded.” Finally, she takes a big step back, deciding she might not want to get to know him after all due to his use of the ______ code.

A. olfactics

B. haptics

C. proxemics

D. physical appearance

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Proxemics

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which nonverbal code deals with pats on the back, holding hands, and hugs?

A. haptics

B. oculesics

C. vocalics

D. kinesics

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Haptics

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Brittany isn’t sure how she feels about her boss, Peter. He seems nice enough, but when he’s giving her instructions he has a habit of placing his hand on her shoulder and holding it there just a little too long. She’s not sure if she should mention that his use of the ______ code is making her uncomfortable.

A. physical appearance

B. kinesics

C. haptics

D. olfactics

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Haptics

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which nonverbal code includes staring at a waitperson to get their attention and gazing lovingly at your significant other.

A. vocalics

B. chronemics

C. olfactics

D. oculesics

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Oculesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Logan always knows immediately when his mother is unhappy with him. She doesn’t have to say a word. She simply has to give him “the look” with her eyes using the ______ code to send her message.

A. olfactics

B. oculesics

C. haptics

D. physical appearance

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Oculesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. How does the nonverbal code of vocalics affect how we decode messages?

A. Changes in vocal characteristics give us additional information about a sender’s intent and emotional state.

B. Changes in vocal characteristics have little impact on our understanding of the sender’s verbal message.

C. Since people tend to communicate with habitual vocal characteristics, vocalics doesn’t affect how we decode a sender’s messages.

D. When there are dramatic changes in a sender’s vocal characteristics, noise is created that interferes with decoding the message.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Vocalics

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Bethany is worried about delivering her informative speech because when she gets nervous, she tends to talk too fast and her pitch rises. To be sure she does a good job on delivery day, she’s been practicing her speech out loud to gain more control of her ______ code.

A. proxemics

B. haptics

C. vocalics

D. olfactics

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Vocalics

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The nonverbal code that deals with our faces and bodies, our clothing, and the artifacts that we carry with ourselves is ______.

A. oculesics

B. proxemics

C. environmental

D. physical appearance

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Appearance

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Justine was a passionate supporter of the first woman mayor in her city. When the mayor was up for reelection, Justine wore her campaign button every day proudly displaying her use of the ______ code.

A. environmental

B. physical appearance

C. chronemics

D. vocalics

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Physical Appearance

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The nonverbal code that focuses on features of the communication context is the ______ code.

A. environmental

B. physical appearance

C. olfactics

C. chronemics

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Owen and Christopher often study together in their college library. Owen appreciates the quiet of the library and finds it easier to study there than at home. Christopher tends to forget where he is and will ask his friend questions in a loud voice. Christopher’s behavior makes Owen uncomfortable, because Owen’s very aware of the ______ code.

A. haptics

B. kinesics

C. environmental

D. physical appearance

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. The nonverbal code focusing on the sense of smell, and the ways that we send messages using scent is the ______ code.

A. proxemics

B. chronemics

C. oculesics

D. olfactics

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Olfactics

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. When Abigail invited her parents to dinner at her new apartment for the first time. she planned the menu carefully with their favorite foods. She also decorated the table with a vase of aromatic roses, just like her mother often did at home. She hoped her parents would appreciate her attention to details, especially how the flowers expressed the ______ code.

A. olfactics

B. oculesics

C. kinesics

D. environmental

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Olfactics

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. The nonverbal code dealing with issues of time is known as ______.

A. kinesics

B. chronemics

C. proxemics

D. haptics

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Chronemics

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Mateo wanted to impress his new girlfriend, Sylvie, so he bought them tickets to see her favorite football team play at a nearby stadium. Mateo lost track of time and was running late when he picked up Sylvie. As a result, they missed the kickoff. Sylvie was upset and said, “You always let me down.” Despite his best intentions, Mateo suffered from his lack of attention to the ______ code.

A. chronemics

B. oculesics

C. environmental

D. physical appearance

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Chronemics

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Identity is a word that describes the relatively changing set of perceptions or ideas that we hold about ourselves.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Managing Identities

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Research suggests that as children we develop an understanding about a variety of nonverbal characteristics that help us to act out a gender identity.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sex and Gender

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Although they differ in personality traits, introverts and extroverts primarily exhibit the same nonverbal behaviors.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Nonverbal codes are categories of communicative behaviors grouped together by the nonverbal characteristics that they share.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Define the concept of nonverbal codes

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Identity, Relationships, and Nonverbal Codes

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. When Jason observes Jessica pacing around the room as she waits for a return call from her doctor, he perceives that she is anxious using the proxemics code.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Kinesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. When Yvonne pours out her feelings about an upsetting incident with her boyfriend, her good friend Marianne nods her head in encouragement and occasionally frowns using the vocalics code to support Yvonne.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Kinesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Proxemics and haptics are similar in that they both involve nonverbal messaging related to distance; however, proxemics includes all social space beyond touch while haptics is limited to social space that includes touch.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Haptics

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Erin has noticed that her classmate Henry often makes eye contact with her when she enters the classroom in a way that feels like a signal of interest in a romantic friendship, but she’s not sure if she’s reading his olfactic code correctly.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Oculesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The nonverbal code of physical appearance suggests how we look, what we wear and what we carry may influence how other people treat us.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Physical Appearance
Difficulty Level: Medium

10. When environmental elements are relatively easier to change, such as rearranging furniture or repainting a wall, these elements have little impact on the communication that takes place within that environment.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Unlike most other nonverbal codes, the environmental code is not impacted by cultural norms.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Environment

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Oculesics is the nonverbal code focusing on our sense of smell, as well as the ways that we send messages using scent.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Olfactics

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. When Abigail smells fresh lavender and is reminded of her grandmother’s kitchen, she’s experiencing the impact of the olfactic code.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Olfactics

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Response latency is the amount of time that it takes to respond to someone.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Chronemics

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Proxemics is the nonverbal code dealing with issues of time.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Chronemics

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Compare how gender distinctions are commonly expressed for differing gender identities through culturally expected nonverbal behaviors.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sex and Gender

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. How do the nonverbal behaviors of individuals who identify as introvert or extrovert contribute to defining their personality-driven differences?

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Proxemics is the nonverbal code that involves communicating through the use of personal space and interpersonal distance. Assuming the same environmental and cultural context, how might a conversation held in close-up differ from a conversation held at a greater distance and what might account for those differences?

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Proxemics

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. How does the affect of a change in vocalics on the verbal and nonverbal meaning of a message compare to a similar change in kinesics.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Vocalics

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. What is the relationship between cultural norms about nonverbal behavior and the environmental features of the communication context that the behavior exists within?

Learning Objective: 3-3: Explain and give examples of each code.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Environment

Difficulty Level: Hard