Verified Test Bank Ch6 The Unification of Western Eurasia,

Smith test bank: Chapter 6

What were the political ideals of Republican Rome, and how did some outlive the Republic itself?

1. Rome’s initial military success arose under a political system of
   1. monarchy
   2. republic
   3. empire
   4. satrapy

(p. 196)

1. In 31 B.C.E., Octavian expanded Roman territory until
   1. he was pushed back by the Carthaginian general Hannibal
   2. he was defeated by Marc Antony
   3. it reached natural borders that his armies could more easily defend
   4. he reached Britain

(p. 196)

1. In the second century B.C.E., Roman “free marriages” were distinct in that
   1. a married woman remained a member of her father’s family and inherited a share of his property upon his death
   2. a woman was permitted to choose her own husband, instead of being required to marry the man selected by her father
   3. divorce was permitted
   4. freed slaves were allowed to marry

(p. 197)

1. The Roman hereditary aristocratic class was called the
   1. patricians
   2. plebeians
   3. equestrians
   4. consuls

(p. 198)

1. The office charged with protecting protect common people from arbitrary decisions by upper class magistrates was the
   1. consul
   2. patrician
   3. dictator
   4. tribune

(p. 198)

1. The increase in the political power of the plebeians in the 4^th century BCE led to
   1. social equality
   2. widespread rioting
   3. civil war
   4. increasing inequality

(p. 199)

1. Tiberius Gracchus was famous as
   1. a freed slave
   2. an advocate for the poor
   3. a dictator
   4. a successful general

(p. 200)

1. Rome’s first emperor, Augustus, established absolute control with the support of most Romans by
   1. cloaking his actions in the trappings of traditional Roman republicanism
   2. promising them 300 acres apiece
   3. eliminating the hated Senate
   4. murdering Julius Caesar

(p. 201)

How did the Roman Empire bring administrative and cultural unity to the vast territory it ruled?

1. The term Romanization describes the process through which
   1. all conquered peoples were required to learn Latin
   2. conquered peoples were deported to reduce chances of anti-Roman rebellions
   3. universal administrative and economic practices fused the regions of the Roman Empire into a cohesive whole
   4. imperial generosity, often in the form of public spectacles known as “bread and circus games,” inspired loyalty to Rome and the emperor

(p. 202)

1. From the early history of the empire, the role of emperor was
   1. passed from father to firstborn son
   2. held by a direct descendant of Augustus
   3. highly contested, with few cases of direct succession
   4. elected

(p. 203)

1. The second century C.E., characterized by a sequence of competent rulers holding power, secure borders, and internal tranquility, was known as
   1. Romanization
   2. the Roman Empire
   3. the provincial system
   4. Pax Romana

(p. 208)

1. Provincials who wanted to participate in the empire’s business had to learn
   1. Latin in the west and Greek in the east
   2. Latin
   3. Greek
   4. Latin in the east and Greek in the west

(p. 208)

1. One consequence of Emperor Caracalla’s decision to give nearly all free men in the empire Roman citizenship was
   1. an increase in Latin literacy
   2. the Pax Romana
   3. free marriage
   4. reduced enlistment in the army

(p. 210)

Why did imperial policy toward Christianity shift from persecution to institutionalization as Rome’s state religion?

1. As the Roman empire grew, the Romans
   1. readily adopted foreign cults and religions
   2. attempted to monopolize the religious life of the empire
   3. permitted local religions to continue, but maintained their own pantheon separately
   4. attempted to ban local gods and religious practices

(p. 211)

1. In Palestine the process of Romanization was
   1. accepted willingly
   2. vigorously fought
   3. contested, with some in favor and others opposed
   4. not attempted, with Rome taking a largely hands-off approach

(p. 212)

1. The end to harmony between Christian and Jewish communities in Jerusalem came when
   1. Paul began to spread Christianity among non-Jews
   2. Christians began to regard Jesus as the messiah
   3. Christians failed to back a Jewish rebellion against the Romans
   4. Christians chose to write their gospels in Greek, rather than Aramaic

(p. 212)

1. Women had a prominent role in the early Christian church, until
   1. the influence of Paul’s teachings became widespread
   2. the church became more institutionalized
   3. Christianity and Judaism split
   4. the revolt of 66 CE

(p. 213)

1. The execution of Christians who refused to worship Roman gods led is called
   1. sainthood
   2. martyrdom
   3. asceticism
   4. abstinence

(p. 214)

1. The Roman emperor who converted to Christianity and issued the Edict of Milan was
   1. Constantine
   2. Justinian
   3. Augustus
   4. Caracalla

(p. 215)

1. The doctrine of _________ claimed that Jesus could not have been divine because he was born from the will of God and had died.
   1. martyrdom
   2. Constantine
   3. Augustine
   4. Arianism

(p. 216)

How and why did the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire develop differently?

1. The rise of Constantinople as the most important city in the east
   1. encouraged raids in the west by Germanic peoples
   2. undermined the growth of Christianity
   3. required emperors to split their time between Constantinople and Rome
   4. exacerbated the growing division between the two parts of the empire

(p. 218)

1. To guarantee state income in the third century CE, the emperors
   1. raised taxes on the bishops
   2. took steps to limit economic and social mobility
   3. split the empire into east and west
   4. enslaved wide swaths of the population

(p. 218)

1. As the problems of the empire intensified, its inhabitants tried to establish a new set of social and political connections to guarantee their safety and security, with urban inhabitants turning to
   1. landowners
   2. bishops
   3. the emperor
   4. family

(p. 219-220)

1. After 200 C.E., outside pressures exacerbated the internal problems of the eastern Roman Empire, especially
   1. incursions by Germanic tribes
   2. raids by nomadic Huns
   3. wars with Parthia and Sasanid Persia
   4. the spread of Christianity

(p. 219)

1. When the German king Odoacer forced emperor Romulus Augustulus to abdicate,
   1. it did not affect most people’s lives
   2. many residents of the western empire moved east
   3. Romans in Italy rebelled
   4. he instituted German as the official language

(p. 219)

What were the differences in organization between the Iranian and Roman Empires?

1. The Iranian empires
   1. were conglomerates of kingdoms and provinces
   2. imposed a uniform system over subject territories
   3. had continued unbroken since the Persian Wars
   4. were defeated by Rome

(p. 220)

1. The Iranian empire’s cohesion depended greatly on
   1. personal loyalty to the empire inspired by “bread and circus games”
   2. heavy taxation
   3. defining itself in opposition to the constantly-attacking Romans
   4. the strength of the Parthian ruler

(p. 221)

1. After the Roman empire was divided into east and west
   1. wars with the Iranian empire ended
   2. the western empire continued to battle with Sasanid forces
   3. the western empire was defeated by Sasanid forces
   4. a Sasanid loyalist was placed on the western throne

(p. 221)

1. The Parthian and Sasanid armies were especially effective because of
   1. their infantry
   2. their tactics
   3. their cavalry
   4. their iron weaponry

(p. 222)

1. To support their rule, the Iranian kings relied on
   1. Christianity
   2. Buddhism
   3. Jainism
   4. Zoroastrianism

(p. 222)