Test Bank + Answers Ch5 Peoples and World Empires of Eurasia

Smith test bank: Chapter 5

How did the new religious ideas of the last centuries B.C.E. suit the social and political structures of India?

1. The Jains’ dedication to complete nonviolence was driven by their belief
   1. that the gods disapproved of violence
   2. that everything has a soul
   3. in asceticism
   4. that the caste system forbade it

(p. 159)

1. Jainism was especially popular among urban merchants and artisans because of its
   1. rejection of castes
   2. focus on asceticism
   3. teachings on karma
   4. disregard for material wealth

(p. 159)

1. Buddhism is based on the Four
   1. Jewels
   2. Noble Truths
   3. Sanghas
   4. Fold Path

(p. 159)

1. _________ eventually replaced ___________ as India’s main religion.
   1. Hinduism; Buddhism
   2. Buddhism; Jainism
   3. Buddhism; Vedic tradition
   4. Jainism; Hinduism

(p. 160)

1. The Mauryan empire—the largest in Indian history—was founded by
   1. Kautilya
   2. Alexander
   3. Ashoka
   4. Chandragupta

(p. 162)

1. Ashoka’s government was inspired by __________ ideals.
   1. Jain
   2. Hindu
   3. Buddhist
   4. Vedic

(p. 162)

1. The Mauryan Empire ended
   1. with the death of Ashoka
   2. with the conquest of India by Chandra Gupta
   3. roughly fifty years after the death of Ashoka
   4. with the rise of the Mughal Empire

(p. 164)

1. The ___________ is perhaps the longest single poem in world literature
   1. Upanishads
   2. Ramayana,
   3. Bhagavad Vita
   4. Mahabharata

(p. 165)

How did the early Chinese philosophers come to have a long-lasting influence on the intellectual development of the region?

1. Compiled by 100 B.C.E. in the form known today, the Analects document ________ ideas about human nature, behavior, and the state.
   1. Confucius
   2. Laozi
   3. Mencius
   4. Xunzi

(p.168)

1. Which Chinese philosopher urged that behavior adhere to a moral code emphasizing integrity, decorum, humility, and sincerity?
   1. Laozi
   2. Xunzi
   3. Confucius
   4. Mencius

(p.168)

1. The __________ urged people to withdraw from society and meditate.
   1. Confucians
   2. Daoists
   3. Mencians
   4. Legalists

(p. 168)

1. Lord Shang Yang’s philosophy of Legalism
   1. required compulsory military service
   2. urged adherents to renounce all worldly possessions
   3. promoted forgiveness for minor crimes
   4. was never instituted outside of Shang’s home state

(p. 169)

1. In the period of political fragmentation in China, ____________ dramatically changed the nature of warfare.
   1. the move from bronze weapons to iron
   2. the spread of the chariot
   3. the rise of a military aristocracy
   4. the invention of gunpowder

(p. 169)

1. Shi Huangdi considered the expansion of China’s __________ the basis of progress.
   1. military
   2. trade network
   3. agriculture
   4. public works

(p. 171)

1. Shi Huangdi ordered that all books be burned except
   1. religious texts
   2. legal volumes
   3. practical works on agriculture, medicine, and divination
   4. the great classics of Chinese literature

(p. 171)

1. The success of the Former Han was due to the fact that it combined
   1. Confucianism and Daoism
   2. Daoism and Legalism
   3. Buddhism and Daoism
   4. Legalism and Confucianism

(p. 172)

1. The central Han government was weakened in the years leading up to its collapse by
   1. lack of a charismatic leader
   2. the emperor’s refusal to institute a military draft
   3. powerful local landed gentry challenging the authority of the emperor
   4. peasant uprisings

(p. 172)

1. The use of bamboo as a kind of paper forced Chinese scribes to
   1. develop simplified characters
   2. write characters in long vertical columns
   3. turn to silk as a substitute
   4. write as succinctly as possible

(p. 173)

1. China’s first historian, who developed the idea that a sequence of dynasties had always ruled all of China, was
   1. Shi Huangdi
   2. Sima Qian
   3. Liu Bang
   4. Ban Zhao

(p. 173)

1. Ban Zhao’s Lessons for Women contains
   1. practical advice for women on how to survive in their husbands’ family homes
   2. justifications for the inferior role of women in society
   3. a manifesto in favor of women’s rights
   4. instruction in literacy

(p. 174)

What were the cultural innovations of classical Greece, and how did they affect the peoples of Greece, North Africa, and Southwest Asia?

1. As the Greeks moved into Egypt, Southwest Asia, and beyond, contacts between Greeks and local population led to a cultural fusion known as
   1. Hellenism
   2. Greekism
   3. colonialism
   4. sophistry

(p. 177)

1. In the Hellenistic period, the language of administration was
   1. the script local to each area
   2. cuneiform
   3. Greek
   4. hieroglyphics

(p. 181)

1. In the Hellenistic period, the political system changed fundamentally, with the rise of
   1. kingdoms in which absolute power was inherited
   2. city-states ruled by citizens
   3. an empire covering much of the known world
   4. democracies across much of the Mediterranean world

(p. 182)

1. The most prominent new city of the Hellenistic period was
   1. Delphi
   2. AI Khanoum
   3. Alexandria
   4. Babylon

(p. 183)

1. Philosophers who taught that one should enjoy every moment in the pursuit of simple pleasures and a quiet life were the
   1. Stoics
   2. Cynics
   3. Hellenists
   4. Epicureans

(p. 183)

How did the lives and livelihoods of the peoples of Atlantic Europe differ from those of the Mediterranean peoples?

1. The Celts, people residing to the north and west of Greece, were
   1. ruled by a military aristocracy
   2. a uniform cultural group
   3. highly patriarchal, with women denied participation in public life
   4. a formalized democratic society

(p. 186)

1. The Romans regarded Celtic religious practices as
   1. mysterious and unknowable
   2. so uncivilized that they tried to ban them
   3. inspiring and sought to incorporate them into their own traditions
   4. meaningless in light of the military threat the Celts posed

(p. 187)

1. As of the early first millennium B.C.E., contacts with the Mediterranean world were
   1. nonexistent
   2. extensive
   3. limited to minor trading exchanges
   4. substantial, but they declined in the years following

(p. 187)

1. Celtic military forays to the Mediterranean world may have been inspired by
   1. the need for tin
   2. the wealth of the Mediterranean
   3. famine in northwestern Europe
   4. anger at the Mediterranean view of the Celts as noble savages

(p. 187)

1. Celtic priests, whom the Romans called Druids, were
   1. the most honored group in Celtic society, superior to warriors
   2. a highly honored group in Celtic society, inferior only to warriors
   3. the most honored group in Celtic society, equal to warriors
   4. unimportant in Celtic society

(p. 187)