Verified Test Bank Ch.14 Youth & Sex Work Intervention

CHAPTER 14

Youth Involvement in Systems of Sex Work and Strategies of Intervention

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Nordic Model is an approach to legislating sex trade activities by ________.
   1. criminalizing the demand side
   2. criminalizing the supply side
   3. decriminalizing prostitution
   4. legalizing prostitution
   5. None of the above
2. Sexual exploitation or the abuse of children and youth is a process by which sexual activity is in exchange for all of the following except ________.
   1. money
   2. drugs
   3. basic needs
   4. All of the above
3. What is the “demand side” prohibition model referred to as?
   1. Conservative model
   2. Nordic model
   3. American model
   4. Canadian model
   5. None of the above
4. The “demand side” prohibition model is also referred to as the Nordic Model as it originated in which country?
   1. Sweden
   2. Finland
   3. Norway
   4. Ireland
   5. Canada
5. Which of the following does the term Youth in Care in Canada refer to?
   1. Youth who are within the Criminal Justice System
   2. Youth who are within the Child Welfare System
   3. Youth who are within the Child Exploitation System
   4. Youth who are within a Witness Protection System
   5. None of the above
6. To provide a snapshot of the ways in which Canadian media shapes terminology regarding sex trade involved youth, Saewyc, Hilario, Matthews, Rivers, Hirakata and Miller (2013) analyzed 853 Canadian newspaper articles from 1989-2008 and found that sexually exploited adolescents were commonly described as children or the more casual or patronizing, kids in approximately what percentage of media articles?
   1. 22 per cent
   2. 35 per cent
   3. 46 per cent
   4. 60 per cent
   5. 80 per cent
7. Survival sex is the exchange of sexual services for ________.
   1. food
   2. shelter
   3. money
   4. All of the above
   5. None of the above
8. Although it is often difficult to estimate how many youth are involved in the sex trade industry, Goldenberg et al. report that ________ per cent of sex workers initiate sex work as adolescents.
   1. 5 to 10
   2. 10 to 20
   3. 20 to 40
   4. 30 to 50
   5. 40 to 60
9. A landmark study in Vancouver estimated that on any given night there were thirty to forty youth working the street and the average age of entry was approximately ________ for girls and ________ for males.
   1. 16; 15
   2. 12; 13
   3. 15; 16
   4. 16; 17
   5. 14; 17
10. Benoit and Shaver (2006) report that males make up ________ per cent of the sex trade industry.
    1. 5 to 10
    2. 10 to 25
    3. 20 to 30
    4. 25 to 40
    5. more than 50
11. In Dr. Susan McIntyre’s research “Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada” approximately what percentage of those interviewed identified themselves as Indigenous?
    1. 21 per cent
    2. 35 per cent
    3. 45 per cent
    4. 50 per cent
    5. 61 per cent
12. In Dr. Susan McIntyre’s research “Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada” what percentage of those interviewed completed high school?
    1. 15 per cent
    2. 25 per cent
    3. 35 per cent
    4. 45 per cent
    5. 55 per cent
13. In Dr. Susan McIntyre’s research “Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada” what percentage of the respondents had been sexually abused prior to their involvement in the sex trade?
    1. 25 per cent
    2. 45 per cent
    3. 55 per cent
    4. 65 per cent
    5. 75 per cent
14. Someone who is straight for pay is a person who ________.
    1. is homosexual but who, in order to survive, will work in the sexual exploitation trade as a heterosexual
    2. is heterosexual but who, in order to survive, will work in the sex trade as a homosexual
    3. crosses gender roles in one way or another, including as a transsexual, drag queen, or transvestite
    4. is bisexual and works in the sex trade industry
    5. None of the above
15. Which of the following is not one of the three most commonly cited uses of money obtained through sex trade?
    1. Survival (food and shelter)
    2. Drugs and alcohol
    3. The pursuit of a glamorous lifestyle
    4. To pay a debt
    5. None of the above
16. What is the term used to talk about experiences of living on the street or in emergency shelters?
    1. Relative homelessness
    2. Absolute homelessness
    3. Virtual homelessness
    4. Comparative homelessness
    5. None of the above
17. What is the term used to refer to experiences of being housed but at risk of losing housing or living in substandard housing?
    1. Relative homelessness
    2. Absolute homelessness
    3. Virtual homelessness
    4. Comparative homelessness
    5. None of the above
18. In McIntyre’s (2009) research what percentage of respondents indicated that they experienced a bad date?
    1. 30 per cent
    2. 50 per cent
    3. 60 per cent
    4. 70 per cent
    5. 80 per cent
19. In 1988, Bill C-15 was introduced as new legislation to ________.
    1. criminalize the sexual procurement of youth
    2. protect victims of child sexual abuse
    3. raise the number of prosecutions of child sexual abuse
    4. increase the severity of sentences
    5. All of the above
20. Which of the following is not one of the three primary types of services for youth involved in the SET in Canada?
    1. Mandated services
    2. Specialized services
    3. Non-governmental services
    4. Governmental services
    5. All of the above are services
21. It is estimated that over ________ children and youth are involved with child protection authorities annually in Canada.
    1. 30,000
    2. 70,000
    3. 140,000
    4. 200,000
    5. 300,000
22. Phase One (i-EXIT) of the RESET Society program in Calgary provides which of the following?
    1. Immediate safe housing and supports
    2. 9 to 12 months of comprehensive, individualized, wraparound life skills
    3. 9 to 12 months of comprehensive group therapy services
    4. An individually tailored combination of employment skills development, and training, support in returning to school
    5. None of the above
23. Phase Two of the RESET Society program in Calgary provides which of the following?
    1. Immediate safe housing and supports
    2. 9 to 12 months of comprehensive, individualized, wraparound life skills
    3. 9 to 12 months of comprehensive group therapy services
    4. An individually tailored combination of employment skills development, and training, support in returning to school
    5. None of the above
24. Phase Three of the RESET Society program in Calgary provides which of the following?
    1. Immediate safe housing and supports
    2. 9 to 12 months of comprehensive, individualized, wraparound life skills
    3. 9 to 12 months of comprehensive group therapy services
    4. An individually tailored combination of employment skills development, and training, support in returning to school
    5. None of the above
25. According to MacLaurin and Worthington (2012), a runaway is a youth is ________.
    1. a youth who leaves his or her place of residence without permission and is absent for at least one night
    2. a youth who leaves his or her place of residence without permission and is absent for at least three nights
    3. a youth who leaves his or her place of residence without permission and is absent for at least one week
    4. a youth who leaves his or her place of residence without permission and is absent for at least one month
    5. None of the above

True or False Questions

1. Child welfare is a term used to describe a set of government and private services designed to protect children and encourage family stability.
2. Youth in care refers to children and youth involved with Canada’s child welfare system.
3. A landmark study in Vancouver estimated that on any given night there were 30 to 40 youth working the street and the average age of entry was approximately 16 for girls and 15 for males.
4. Although it is often difficult to estimate how many youth are involved in the sex trade industry, Goldenberg et al report that 40 to 60 per cent of sex workers initiate sex work as adolescents.
5. Benoit and Shaver (2006) report that males make up 30 to 40 per cent of the sex trade industry.
6. In Dr. Susan McIntyre’s research “Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada” it was found that only 55 per cent had completed high school.
7. In Dr. Susan McIntyre’s research “Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada” it was found that 75 per cent of the respondents had been sexually abused prior to their involvement in the sex trade.
8. Straight for pay refers to a gay male who will take on the persona of a heterosexual male while hustling/working in the sex trade.
9. Absolute homelessness is a term used to talk about experiences of living on the street or in emergency shelters.
10. Relative homelessness is a term used to refer to experiences of being housed but at risk of losing housing or living in substandard housing.
11. Suicidality is the contemplation of taking one’s own life.
12. Suicidality is not just the contemplation of taking one’s own life but rather the completion of the act.
13. A bad date is an episode of harm enacted upon a sex worker by a client, including assault, sexual assault, incidents of theft, refusal of payment, threats, rudeness, time wasting, harassment, aggressive behaviour etc.
14. Protective confinement or involuntary coercive holding is a type of detention to protect a person from harm, either from outside sources or from themselves.
15. There are three primary types of services for youth involved in the SET in Canada: mandated services; specialized legislation; and non-governmental services.
16. NGOs tend to avoid protectionist strategies, rather providing responsive programming addressing youth needs or preventative programming.
17. It is estimated that over 50,000 children and youth are involved with child protection authorities annually in Canada
18. Phase Three (i-EXIT) of the RESET Society in Calgary is a rapid exit program providing immediate safe housing and supports for exit from sexual exploitation and the risks inherently linked with it.
19. Phase One (i-EXIT) of the RESET Society in Calgary is a rapid exit program providing immediate safe housing and supports for exit from sexual exploitation and the risks inherently linked with it.
20. Protective confinement is synonymous with involuntary coercive holding.
21. In the last 100 years we have witnessed an escalation of systems of regulation to control the lives of young people.
22. Programming offered by NGOs often fills a much-needed space beyond government intervention.
23. NGOs tend to avoid protectionist strategies, rather providing responsive programming addressing youth needs or preventative programming.
24. Mulcahy and Trocmé (2010) found that on any day in Canada there are up to 65,000 children and youth residing in or out of home care.
25. Manitoba’s Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking Act (2013) focuses on the prosecution of those who purchase sex from individuals under the age of 18.

Short Answer Questions

1. Discuss the Nordic Model approach to legislating sex trade activities.
2. Discuss what is meant by survival sex.
3. Discuss the main points of Dr. Susan McIntyre’s study “Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada”
4. Discuss the link between sex work involvement and sexual minority status.
5. Discuss the difference between the terms gay for pay and straight for pay.
6. What does it mean when people say, “selling sex is moving online”?
7. What is the difference between absolute homelessness and relative homelessness?
8. Discuss the relationship between the sexual trade industry and HIV.
9. Discuss the three stages of the program to help youth in the sex trade offered by the RESET Society in Calgary.
10. Discuss the various provisions or measures included in Bill C-15 to protect youth in the sex trade industry.
11. What are the various reasons why youth engage in sex for survival?
12. This chapter discusses a number of studies looking at the age of entry into the sex trade. Please discuss these studies in terms of what we know about the age in which young people enter into the sex trade.
13. Discuss what Dr. Susan McIntyre’s research “Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada” found in terms of Indigenous involvement in the sex trade industry.
14. Discuss how being LGBTQ relates to involvement in the sex trade industry.
15. Discuss the relationship between drug use and remaining in the sex trade industry.
16. Discuss the relationship between socio-economic issues and engagement in the sex trade.
17. Discuss how the internet has played a role in the sex trade industry.
18. What does “pro-sex-work feminism” argue?
19. What is the “anti-sex work” feminist perspective argue?
20. Discuss the role of NGO’s in the sex trade industry.

Essay Questions

1. Discuss how and why our terminology and definitions of exploited youth have changed over time.
2. What is sex work and how is it different from exploitation? What does it look like, how does it happen, and what do we know about it?
3. Discuss the significance of Dr. Susan McIntyre’s research “Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada”
4. Discuss the relationship between involvement in the sex trade industry and early childhood abuse.
5. Compare and contrast the “anti-sex work” feminist perspective and “pro-sex-work” feminism.