Tsunami Versus Wind-Caused Waves Full Test Bank Chapter 8

Natural Disasters, 11e (Abbott)

Chapter 8 Tsunami Versus Wind-Caused Waves

1) The 2004 ________ Ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in 13 countries.

A) Atlantic

B) Pacific

C) Indian

D) Southern 

E) Arctic

2) Most of the 245,000 deaths from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami occurred in ________.

A) Thailand

B) Sri Lanka

C) India

D) Bangladesh

E) Indonesia

3) The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was generated by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake along ________ off the shore of Sumatra.

A) a subduction zone

B) a seafloor spreading center

C) an oceanic transform fault

D) a continental rift zone

E) a hot-spot island chain

4) Prior to the 2004 event, the last major 1883 tsunami in the Indian Ocean struck in 1883 and killed about 36,000 people. This tsunami was caused by ________.

A) a massive undersea landslide near Sri Lanka

B) the collapse of Indonesia's Krakatoa Volcano

C) a large earthquake off the coast of Sumatra

D) a massive eruption of Toba

E) a meteor that struck in the Central Indian Ocean

5) Tsunami is a Japanese word that means ________ waves.

A) big 

B) killer 

C) dragon 

D) harbor

E) island

6) Tsunami are created by big "splashes" made in the deep ocean by all but which of the following?

A) fault movements

B) volcanic eruptions

C) landslides

D) hurricanes

E) meteor impacts

7) Earthquake-related tsunami are created by sub sea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the seafloor. Such movements occur most commonly along ________.

A) oceanic transform faults

B) seafloor spreading centers

C) subduction zones

D) continental rift zones

E) hot-spot island chains

8) Tsunami typically have ________ relative to wind-blown waves.

A) short periods and short wavelengths

B) short periods and long wavelengths

C) long periods and short wavelengths

D) long periods and long wavelengths

E) long periods and no measurable wavelength

9) The captain of a ship tells you that he once experienced a huge tsunami while sailing in the Pacific Ocean several hundred miles from any landmass. You decide that this sounds a little far-fetched because ________.

A) tsunami usually occur only in the Indian Ocean and Caribbean Sea

B) tsunami are rarely felt in deep water because they have long wavelengths and low heights

C) the ship could not have survived passing through a major tsunami in the open ocean

D) earthquakes do not occur in deep ocean waters

E) the captain did not describe any tremors or shaking associated with an earthquake

10) Tsunami wavelengths can be as great as ________.

A) 78 m

B) 7,800 m

C) 78 km

D) 780 km

E) 7,800 km

11) Most tsunami travel at speeds of ________ miles per hour.

A) 4.2 to 4.8

B) 42 to 48

C) 420 to 480

D) 4,200 to 4,800

E) 42,000 to 48,000

12) Tsunami arrive as a series of several waves separated by periods typically in the ________ range.

A) 1- to 6-second

B) 10- to 60-second

C) 1- to 6-minute

D) 10- to 60-minute

E) 1- to 6-hour

13) Tsunami are typically about ________ high in the open ocean, and 6 to 15 m high on reaching shallow water.

A) 0.1 m

B) 1 m

C) 5 m

D) 20 m

E) 30 m

14) In 1868, the USS Wateree was carried several miles inland by a tsunami along the coast of ________.

A) Baja California

B) Alaska

C) Hawaii

D) Mexico

E) Chile

15) The 1946 April Fool's Day tsunami at Hilo, Hawaii, was caused by an earthquake near ________.

A) California

B) Alaska

C) Hawaii

D) Mexico

E) Chile

16) The great 1960 Chile earthquake (M 9.5) unleashed a tsunami that killed over 1,000 Chileans. These waves also killed 61 people in Hilo, Hawaii, 14 hours after the earthquake, and another 185 people in ________, 22.5 hours after the earthquake.

A) California

B) Alaska

C) Japan

D) Australia

E) the Philippines

17) The great 1964 Alaska earthquake (M 9.2) set off a tsunami that killed 122 people along the state's sparsely populated coastline. This tsunami also killed 12 people in the state of ________.

A) Hawaii

B) Washington

C) Oregon

D) California

E) Texas

18) In 1964, 12 people were killed during a tsunami at Crescent City, California. All of these fatalities were caused by the ________ wave, which was the highest in the series.

A) first

B) second

C) third

D) fourth

E) fifth

19) The 1964 tsunami that killed 12 people at Crescent City, California, was caused by a major earthquake in ________.

A) Japan

B) Hawaii

C) Alaska

D) Washington

E) Chile

20) The trees that died in the Pacific Northwest after the great earthquake of 1700 were killed by ________.

A) mass wasting events in the days after the earthquake

B) seawater after a tsunami rushed onshore

C) a cloud of methane that was released from sediments during the shaking

D) seawater after faulting dropped the land below sea level

E) the liquefaction of their underlying soils

21) Detailed mapping of the ocean bottom around the Hawaiian Islands revealed a previously unrecognized tsunami source. What did geologists discover on the seafloor in this area?

A) a major undersea volcano

B) a huge undersea meteor crater

C) a deep ocean trench along a subduction zone

D) a system of major oceanic transform faults

E) slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse

22) Geologists have shown that the east coast of the United States faces a serious tsunami threat from ________.

A) large earthquakes offshore of Portugal

B) volcanic flank collapse in the Canary Islands

C) breakup of Antarctic ice shelves

D) meteor impact in the Mediterranean Sea

E) landslides along the White Cliffs of Dover

23) The deadly 1998 tsunami in Papua New Guinea was caused by ________.

A) uplift of the seafloor during an earthquake

B) volcanic flank collapse triggered by an earthquake

C) volcanic flank collapse triggered by an eruption

D) an undersea landslide triggered by an earthquake

E) an undersea landslide triggered by a volcanic eruption

24) The largest historic tsunami wave run-up ever recorded was caused by a massive rockfall into the water at ________.

A) Kilauea, Hawaii

B) Lituya Bay, Alaska

C) Crescent City, California

D) Arica, Chile

E) Gibraltar

25) A ________ is an oscillating wave that sloshes back and forth within an enclosed body of water such as a sea, bay, lake, or swimming pool.

A) sake

B) slashe

C) serape

D) seiche

E) seraglio

26) In 1959, the water stored behind Hegben Lake Dam in Montana began to slosh violently back and forth in a series of oscillating waves. These seiches were caused by ________.

A) the collapse of the dam

B) a large landslide into the lake

C) a small meteor crashing into the lake

D) a freight train plunging off a track and into the lake

E) a sudden drop of the lake bottom during an earthquake

27) Modern tsunami warning systems primarily use ________.

A) sea surface buoys and ocean bottom pressure sensors

B) webcams and airborne drones

C) satellite photography and radar

D) LIDAR and reports from Coast Guard ships

E) spotters in airplanes

28) Tsunami events at a coastline ________.

A) always begin with a retreat of the sea

B) always begin with a rising of the sea

C) can start with a drawdown or rising of the sea

D) are always preceded by a large rogue wave

29) The theoretical velocity of a tsunami in the deep ocean is calculated by taking the square root of the product of ________.

A) the acceleration due to gravity and the depth of the ocean

B) magnitude of the earthquake and the density of the seawater

C) wavelength and 1.25

D) wave height and wind speed

E) depth of the thermocline and water temperature

30) Which of the following statements is about tsunami in the deep ocean?

A) They never "feel" the bottom.

B) They only "feel" the bottom if it is less than 4,000 meters deep.

C) They only "feel" the bottom if it is less than 3,000 meters deep

D) They only "feel" the bottom if it is less than 5,000 meters deep.

E) They are always "feeling" the bottom.

31) Multiplying 1.25 by the square root of the wavelength results in the velocity of a  ________.

A) wind-blown wave in deep water

B) tsunami in deep water

C) tsunami in shallow water

D) wind-blown wave in shallow water

E) tsunami moving onshore  

32) Tsunami that reach the shallow water slow down due to ________.

A) friction with the bottom and internal turbulence

B) an increase in wavelength

C) interference from seismic waves

D) changes in the density of seawater

E) wind-blown waves crashing at the shoreline

33) Which of the following statements is true regarding tsunami and volcanoes?

A) Large tsunami typically trigger volcanic eruptions somewhere around the world.

B) Volcanic eruptions can result in tsunami as they explode, collapse, or send debris into the water.

C) Volcanic eruptions only cause tsunami if the eruption is underwater.

D) Only super-eruptions are known to cause tsunami.

E) Volcanic eruptions and tsunami may occur in the same time frame, but there is never a causal relationship.

34) The best course of action to take if you suspect a tsunami is headed your way is to ________.

A) get on a boat

B) head to higher ground and stay there

C) grab scuba gear get in the deep end of a pool

D) climb a tree

E) wait until you are sure one is coming before deciding what to do

35) The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by Earth's third-most powerful earthquake in the last 100 years.

36) The English language term tidal wave is a good description of a tsunami because of their relationship to ocean tides.

37) The destructive power of a tsunami is due mostly to the great height of the wave.

38) Tsunami have long wavelengths and very short wave heights in the open ocean.

39) It is virtually impossible for small ships at sea to survive a passing tsunami.

40) While California has experienced many deadly earthquakes, it has never experienced fatalities from tsunami.

41) People living around Lake Tahoe have to worry about seiches but not tsunami.

42) It is possible that a large hunk of Hawaii could be plunged into the sea following a large earthquake, generating a powerful tsunami.

43) There is little threat of a tsunami striking the East Coast of the United States.

44) There is little threat of a tsunami striking the crowded beaches of Southern California.

45) The sloshing of a swimming pool during an earthquake is called a seiche.

46) People always feel the distant earthquakes that form the tsunami that hit their local coastline.

47) Removing coral reefs is a good way to reduce the damage caused by tsunami.

48) During the Japanese Tsunami, the seafloor was thrust up 5 m to 8 m (16 feet to 26 feet).

49) The Japanese Tsunami inflicted destruction along the coast and in Sendai, the wave travelled inland ________.

A) 10 km

B) 1 km

C) 5 km

D) 40 km

50) Most of the deaths associated with Japanese Tsunami were caused by earthquake collapsed buildings.

51) Regarding the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) hopes that they will be able to remove the melted nuclear fuel masses in ________.

A) 3-4 years

B) 300-400 years

C) 300-400 days

D) 30-40 years

52) In 2011, after the nuclear plant destruction, evacuation orders were given to 150,000 residents living within 20 km (12.4 mi) of the failed plant.

53) In 1958, Lituya Bay (AK) witnessed a tsunami resulting from a rockfall of approximately 9 million tons of debris falling 90 meters into the bay.