The Science Of Psychology Exam Questions Chapter.1 - Test Bank | Psychology by Davey 1e by Graham C. Davey. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
Multiple choice
1. Psychology is defined as:
a) the science of behaviour
b) the study of mental processes
c) the study of mental disorders and their treatment
d) the science of behaviour and mental processes
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
2. Mental processes describe the activity of our brain when we are engaged in thinking.
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
3. The Milgram’s study is an example of __________ finding, as it showed that many common popular beliefs are false.
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short Answer
4. By definition, what do psychologists study?
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
5. Describe the Milgram’s study (Milgram, 1974).
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple Choice
6. Which of the following goals of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with a description?
a) prediction – changing how often behaviour occurs
b) control – making careful observations regarding behaviour
c) description – determining the circumstances in which behaviour is likely to occur
d) explanation – identifying the causes of behaviour
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
7. In 1974 Milgram showed that people make very accurate predictions on world’s events based on common beliefs.
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
8. The inclination to consider an event as predictable after it has occurred is known as __________.
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
9. What type of psychological research is conducted with the aim of solving practical issues?
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. What is the purpose of applied psychology?
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
11. Why do many people believe that psychology is ‘the study of the obvious’?
Section Ref: What is Psychology?
Learning Objective: Describe the evolution of psychology from early philosophy to contemporary sociocultural perspectives.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple Choice
12. How has the study of the mind changed across psychology’s history?
a) Psychologists have largely abandoned the study of the mind in favour of the examination of objective behaviour.
b) Psychologists have found increasingly direct ways to study the mind.
c) Psychologists have only very recently started to study the mind along with behaviour.
d) To eliminate biases, psychologists have increasingly relied on indirect methods of studying the mind.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
13. Which philosopher believed in the power of thought - that we can use logical or rational thinking to discover “core ideas” buried within the human soul?
a) Hippocrates
b) Socrates
c) Plato
d) Aristotle
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
14. Which philosopher is CORRECTLY matched with a key idea?
a) Plato – suggested that we could use reasoning to discover the truth
b) Aristotle – proposed that soul and body are independent entities
c) Descartes – the mind is a physical entity that can be observed scientifically
d) None of the above
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. The Greek philosopher ________believed that there is an intimate connection between the soul and the body, and that mental health depends equally on both.
a) Aristotle
b) Plato
c) Hippocrates
d) Socrates
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
16. With respect to the way that we acquire knowledge, _______ emphasized the role of the mind and reasoning, whereas ________ pointed to the role of sensory experience.
a) Hippocrates; Socrates
b) Aristotle; Hippocrates
c) Plato; Aristotle
d) Aristotle; Plato
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
17. In 1879, what German physiologist opened the first laboratory exclusively dedicated to the study of psychology?
a) Freud
b) Skinner
c) Helmholtz
d) Wundt
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Which scientist is the beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline attributed to?
a) William James
b) Wilhelm Wundt
c) John B. Watson
d) B. F. Skinner
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
19. Which filed of psychology was established in the mid-1800s by Ernst Weber and Gustav Fechner?
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
20. Describe the main technique used by structuralists to access mental processes.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
21. Why can introspection be criticized as a scientific technique?
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple Choice
22. Which American psychologist is credited with developing the functionalist approach?
a) Freud
b) Pavlov
c) James
d) Watson
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
23. The history of psychology (and most other sciences) started with the history of philosophy.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Structuralism cannot study animal behaviour and abnormal behaviour.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
24. Which of the following locations is associated with the formal beginning of psychology?
a) Vienna, Austria
b) Leipzig, Germany
c) Oxford, England
d) Prague, Czech Republic
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. Dr. Smith asserts that psychologists should attempt to identify the fundamental attributes of mental experience. Dr. Smith appears most sympathetic to the _________ perspective in psychology.
a) functionalist
b) psychodynamic
c) structuralist
d) humanistic
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. Which of the following statements best expresses the fate of the structuralist perspective in psychology?
a) The structuralist perspective was supplanted by other views.
b) The structuralist perspective triumphed over alternative ones.
c) The structuralist perspective continues to coexist with other views in psychology.
d) The structuralist perspective has waned somewhat, but it remains highly influential.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a complex experience in as much detail as possible is called _________.
a) inner perception
b) introspection
c) internal observation
d) introjection
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. Julia takes a sip of cola. “Sweet . . . cold, wet, tingly . . . slightly bitter,” she reports. Julia is:
a) introspecting
b) introjecting
c) taking an intelligence test
d) suffering a stroke
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. In which of the goals of psychology were the structuralists MOST interested?
a) description
b) prediction
c) explanation
d) control
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. Which perspective most immediately replaced structuralism in the early days of scientific psychology?
a) behaviourism
b) humanism
c) functionalism
d) psychoanalytic theory
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. A time travel mishap lands you at one of the first psychology conferences ever held, sometime at the dawn of the 20th century. The graying older scientists slowly losing their grip on the field are most likely ________, whereas the passionate young up-and-comers are probably _________.
a) structuralists; functionalists
b) functionalists; structuralists
c) humanists; structuralists
d) humanists; functionalists
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. William James wrote an important early textbook in psychology called _________ of Psychology.
a) Handbook
b) Elements
c) Outline
d) Principles
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
33. Which of the following statements is consistent with Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
a) we are always aware of our motivations
b) many of our thoughts and feelings reside in the unconscious mind
c) the conscious and unconscious mind are never in competition
d) childhood experiences do not contribute to later psychological functioning
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
34. Freud built his theory based on highly controlled, experimental procedures.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short answer
35. Unlike the earlier work of the structuralists and functionalists, psychoanalytic theorists focused on mental processes that occur in the _______mind.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. Where did Freud obtain evidence for his psychoanalytic theory?
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
37. Matt was experiencing insomnia because he repeatedly had graphic dreams about an inanimate object attacking him at work. He went to a therapist who told him that the dream was an attempt by his unconscious mind to communicate with his conscious mind. What kind of therapist did Matt most likely see?
a) psychoanalyst
b) cognitivist
c) behaviourist
d) humanist
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
38. Innate aggressive and sexual drives are punished in childhood leading to the development of fears and mental issues in adulthood. __________ are techniques that people develop automatically to cope with the anxiety associated to traumatic experiences.
a) Coping strategies
b) Defence mechanisms
c) Free associations
d) Introspections
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. __________ once wrote: “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and, yes, even beggar-man and thief – regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.” This statement fully expresses the __________, which emphasizes the importance of the environment in shaping individuals’ behaviour.
a) Freud; psychodynamic perspective
b) Maslow; humanistic perspective
c) Watson; behaviourist perspective
d) Broadbent; cognitive perspective
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
40. Define what behaviourists were interested in studying.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Fill-in-the-blank
41. __________’s approach is known as radical behaviourism. His research involved the use of experiments with rats to study how behaviour can be influenced by __________ and punishment.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
42. Provide an example of a reinforcing behaviour.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
43. Distinguish between rewards and incentives within a learning context.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
44. With respect to ‘behaviour modification’ techniques, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a) Behaviour modification techniques are based on the idea that by manipulating environmental factors it is possible to favour positive behaviours and discourage problematic behaviours.
b) These techniques were developed by Watson who believed that learning is achieved through small incremental steps.
c) These techniques were developed within the theoretical framework known as ‘radical behaviourism’
d) Reinforcement is used to increase the occurrence of a desired behaviour, while punishment is used to decrease the likelihood of an undesired behaviour.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
45. What area of psychology focused on the potential of individuals and highlighted special human qualities such as free will?
a) humanism
b) behaviourism
c) psychoanalysis
d) structuralism
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
46. Positive psychology traces is theoretical roots to the _________, because of its emphasis on _______.
a) humanism; self-actualization
b) functionalism, application
c) psychoanalysis; the unconscious
d) functionalism; mental organization
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
47. What is one direct method of investigating internal mental processes that has resulted from technological advances within psychology?
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
48. According to humanists, all people have the potential for creativity, positive outlook, and the pursuit of higher values.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
49. Individuals who are self-actualized have not yet reached their full potential.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
50. Maslow proposed that we have a basic motive to fulfill our full potential as human beings which he described as __________.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
51. __________ applied humanist principles to psychotherapy.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
52. A new school of thought that focuses on the more upbeat features of human functioning like happiness and the meaning of life is referred to as __________.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
53. Today the cognitive perspective embraces different disciplines, such as __________, __________ and __________.
a) cognitive psychology; cognitive neuroscience; social constructivism
b) cognitive psychology; cognitive neuroscience; positive psychology
c) cultural psychology; cognitive neuroscience; social constructivism
d) cultural psychology, cognitive psychology; positive psychology
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
54. Which of the following pairs reports the most ACCURATE association of a field with its subject of research?
a) Cognitive psychology – cognitive processes of behaviour (i.e. memory, attention, language, decision-making, emotion processing)
b) Cognitive neuroscience – behavioural response to a cognitive task
c) Cognitive psychology – influence of environmental factors on memory and attention
d) Cognitive neuroscience – influence of environmental factors on brain activity
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
55. The advent of computer technology in the 1950s and 1960s spurred growth in the field of ________. More recently, advances in imaging have sparked the field of _________.
a) cognitive psychology; neuroscience
b) neuroscience; cognitive psychology
c) experimental psychology; neuroscience
d) developmental psychology; neuroscience
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
56. By the information processing perspective in cognitive psychology, hardware is to software as ______ is to ________.
a) brain; mind
b) mind; brain
c) mind; behaviour
d) unconscious; conscious
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short answer
57. Describe the main goal of the biological perspective
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
58. What technological development from the 1950s and 1960s contributed to the cognitive psychology revolution?
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
59. How is cognitive psychology different from cognitive neuroscience?
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
60. Evolutionary psychologists believe that our skills and behaviour are a product of natural selection.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
61. According to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, _______ determines which
variations of life survive over time and which fall out of existence.
a) structuralism
b) functionalism
c) natural selection
d) behaviourism
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
62. Describe how social environment influences the way people think, feel and behave using the terms ‘culture’, ‘norms’ and ‘socialization’.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
63. Which of the following sequences reflects the order in which twentieth-century perspectives in psychology originated, from the earliest to the most recent?
a) psychodynamic 🡪 humanistic 🡪 behaviourist
b) psychodynamic 🡪 behaviourist 🡪 humanistic
c) cognitive 🡪 psychodynamic 🡪 humanistic
d) behaviourist 🡪 cognitive 🡪 psychodynamic
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
64. Which are the levels of analysis of human behaviour?
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
65. Which level of analysis in psychology is CORRECTLY matched with an example?
a) Biological level -- At low doses, cocaine can improve performance on visual attention tasks, such as detecting specific stimuli appearing on a computer screen.
b) Psychological level -- Cocaine abuse is associated with a history of violence and sexual abuse in the family.
c) Biological level -- Cocaine exerts its effects by prolonging the presence of specific chemicals at the junctions between nerve cells.
d) Environmental -- Cocaine abuse is associated with high levels of the personality trait of neuroticism and with low levels of the trait of conscientiousness.
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Hard
66. Which of the following causes of human behaviour will be most likely considered by a behaviourist psychologist?
a) Past learning experiences
b) Unconscious motives
c) Social norms
d) Biochemical factors
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
67. What methods are mainly used by a psychodynamic psychologist to understand behaviour?
a) Experiments examining responses to social stimuli
b) Behavioural genetics research
c) Experiments investigating the self-concept
d) Observations of personality processes in clinical settings
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Easy
68. Whit respect to psychology today, which of the following statements is MOST TRUE?
a) A single theoretical orientation dominates present-day psychology.
b) Ultimately, a unified theory of behaviour and mental processes will emerge.
c) Multiple theoretical approaches exist in psychology because we have made little progress in understanding thought and behaviour.
d) Psychology is diverse in its theoretical orientations because the subject matter of psychology is diverse.
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Hard
69. Dr Brown is investigating the effect of childhood neglect on the development of anorexia nervosa in adolescents. Her level of analysis is mainly based on __________ factors.
a) psychological
b) environmental
c) biological
d) social
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
70. Which of the following CANNOT be considered a psychological risk factor?
a) Low-self esteem
b) Neuroticism
c) Caffeine consumption
d) Anxiety
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Easy
71. Each alternative below identifies a variable potentially associated with happiness. Each is correctly paired with a level of analysis EXCEPT:
a) production of the chemical serotonin in the nervous system – biological
b) the personality traits of neuroticism and agreeableness -- psychological
c) the reasons one gives for the bad things that happen -- environmental
d) economic inequality -- environmental
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
72. Dr McIntyre believes that psychology should focus investigation solely on the brain. Dr Napolitano argues that psychology should develop its explanations of thought and behaviour in isolation from social and technological influences, which change rapidly and unpredictably. Which psychological values do Drs McIntyre and Napolitano seem not to share?
a) Dr McIntyre does not share a commitment to theory-driven work, while Dr Napolitano does not endorse empirical research.
b) Dr McIntyre does not endorse empirical research, while Dr Napolitano does not share a commitment to theory-driven work.
c) Dr McIntyre does not recognize the importance of environmental factors, while Dr Napolitano does not accept multilevel analyses.
d) Dr McIntyre does not accept multilevel analyses, while Dr Napolitano does not recognize the importance of environmental factors.
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short answer
73. With respect to social anxiety disorder, which rearing styles have been found to be possible risk factors?
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
74. Parental psychopathology alone will cause offspring to develop social anxiety disorder.
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
75. Describe the three levels of analysis in psychology research.
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
76. The levels of analysis include the biological, the psychological, and the environmental.
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
77. Dr Sandoval is conducting a study on internet trolls. His goal is to explore whether certain personality traits such as introversion are common to most trolls. This is an example of a psychological study that is focused on the _______ level of analysis.
a) biological
b) psychological
c) environmental
d) contextual
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
78. Dr Krahn is conducting a study on internet trolls. He is interested in investigating the neurological effects of trolling. He invites his subjects to the laboratory and collects neuroimaging data. This is an example of a psychological study that is focused on the _______ level of analysis.
a) biological
b) psychological
c) environmental
d) contextual
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
79. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the levels of analysis in psychology?
a) Each thought or behaviour occurs at one of the following levels: the biological level, the psychological level, or the environmental level.
b) The biological level is the most important level of analysis in psychology.
c) Thoughts and behaviours are analyzed at the environmental level by sociologists and anthropologists, not by psychologists.
d) All thoughts and behaviours occur at all three levels simultaneously.
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short Answer
80. At what level of behavioural analysis does a psychologist analyze the content of mental processes including emotions, thoughts, and ideas?
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
81. Why is behavioural analysis incomplete without an examination of the environment?
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Fill-in-the-blank
82. There seem to be gender-specific differences in the way social anxiety disorder affects adult life situations. For example, __________ have been reported to have greater problems at work and in social relationships.
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
83. What is the ‘falsifiability’ of science according to the philosopher Karl Popper?
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
84. What is the nature-nurture debate?
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple Choice
85. How do cultural universals and similarities between twins raised apart, respectively, inform the nature vs. nurture debate?
a) Cultural universals support the ‘nature’ position, while similarities between twins raised apart support the ‘nurture’ position.
b) Cultural universals support the ‘nurture’ position, while similarities between twins raised apart support the ‘nature’ position.
c) Cultural universals and similarities between twins raised apart support the ‘nurture’ position.
d) Cultural universals and similarities between twins raised apart support the ‘nature’ position.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
86. Each alternative below identifies a variable potentially associated with happiness. Each is correctly paired with a level of analysis EXCEPT:
a) production of the chemical serotonin in the nervous system – biological
b) the personality traits of neuroticism and agreeableness -- psychological
c) the reasons one gives for the bad things that happen -- environmental
d) economic inequality – environmental
Section Ref: Levels of Analysis: Types of Psychology and Their Contribution to Understanding
Learning Objective: Describe how psychology can be applied: to you personally, to your studies, and to societal problems.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
87. According to nativists, at birth, the human mind is a tabula rasa.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
88. The contemporary view on the __________ debate supports the idea that behaviour is determined by an __________ of both genetic and environmental factors. This more moderate position is known as __________.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
89. One of the current ways to address the __________ debate is by looking at __________ rates in adopted identical twins who share the exact same genes, but grew up in completely different environments.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Essay
90. Discuss how the free will versus determinism debate can be applied to explain drug addiction.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple Choice
91. With respect to the mind-body relationship debate, which view is currently supported by experimental data?
a) Dualistic
b) Monistic
c) Empiricist
d) Nativists
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
92. The idea that a healthy diet can increase our cognitive performance supports a __________ view of the relationship between mind and body.
a) dualistic
b) monistic
c) humanistic
d) holistic
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
93. Which of the following philosophers believed that mind and body are two separate entities?
a) Locke
b) Hobbes
c) Descartes
d) Aristotle
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
94. Descartes proposed that mind and body, two separate entities, only interact via the putamen in the brain.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
95. For determinists __________ is only an illusion: Humans’ actions are influenced by uncontrollable internal and external forces.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
96. What is ‘Little Albert’ famous for?
Essay
97. Discuss the ethical issues of Watson and Rayner’s ‘Little Albert’ study (1920).
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
98. One of the ethical issues of Milgram’s obedience study (1963) is that participants were exposed to humiliation.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
99. The Zimbardo’s Stanford prison study (Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1973) is considered one of the most unethical experiments in the history of psychology as its participants were not protected from __________.
a) deception
b) physical harm
c) fear conditioning
d) discrimination
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
100. The British Psychological Society’s Code of Ethics and Conduct (2009):
a) Provides guidelines for conducting research with animals
b) Provides guidelines for conducting research with children
c) Provides guidelines for conducting research with humans
d) Provides guidelines for conducting research with people with mental health issues
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
101. The __________ provides guidelines discussing several issues of research with human participants, such as informed consent, debriefing and confidentiality?
a) Code of British Psychology
b) Code of Ethics and Research
c) Code of Ethics and Conduct
d) Code of Ethical Principles
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
102. The __________ study is an example of unethical study as it used deception and exposed participant to very stressful situations, which may have caused psychological distress.
a) Watson and Rayner’s ‘Little Albert’
b) Zimbardo’s Stanford prison
c) Milgram’s obedience
d) Asch’ conformity
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
103. Within contemporary views of science, the concept of objectivity became more flexible as true objectivity is thought to be almost impossible to achieve.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
104. Many researchers may fall into __________ whenever their behaviour can unintentionally influence participants’ response.
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
105. Which of the following research biases is NOT a type of gender bias?
a) Alpha bias
b) Androcentrism
c) Beta bias
d) Ethnocentrism
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Easy
106. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the sampling bias?
a) It occurs when the experimenter influences the outcome of a study
b) It occurs when a sample is selected to obtain a specific outcome
c) It occurs when a sample is not representative of the actual population
d) All of the above
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
107. Discuss how the gender bias can influence research in psychology
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
108. Alpha bias refers to the tendency to exaggerate differences between men and women.
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
109. Maria is a PhD student who is carrying out a research on impulsive behaviour in adolescence. The sample she collected so far consists of 150 male participants. Her supervisor advised her to complement the sample with an equal number of female participants if she doesn’t want to fall into a __________ bias.
a) beta
b) alpha
c) experimenter
d) cultural
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Medium
110. Which of the following biases is NOT a gender bias?
a) Including only male participants in a study on the effects of testosterone deficiency on memory span
b) Including only male participants in a study on moral development in young children
c) Including only male participants in a study on aggressive behaviour
d) Not recording the sex of the participants
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Medium
111. With respect to the gender bias in psychology research, the tendency to consider male behaviour as ‘typical’ and female behaviour as ‘atypical’ is known as:
a) Chauvinism
b) Antifeminism
c) Androcentrism
d) Misogyny
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Easy
112. With respect to the cultural bias in psychology research, which of the following statements about Eurocentrism is CORRECT?
a) It’s the belief that European culture is superior to other cultures
b) It’s the belief that your own culture is superior to another
c) It’s the idea that Western values are superior to other cultural values
d) It’s the tendency to apply Western values and ideas to other cultures to create a universal view of human behaviour
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
113. The Cattell’s Culture-Fair Intelligence Test and the Goodenough’s Draw-a-Person Test are examples of culture-free intelligence tests.
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Medium
114. In psychology history, females have always been seen as less important and it was difficult for female academics to become involved in research.
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Easy
115. There is no difference between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology. In fact, they are two terms that describe the same field.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
116. A cultural psychologist would describe American culture as ___________. She would describe Chinese culture as _________.
a) individualistic; collectivist
b) individualistic; communal
c) collectivist; collectivist as well
d) individualistic; individualistic as well
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
117. Rob is an American college student. Yoon-Sook is a Korean college student. With respect to the concepts of individualism and collectivism, it’s more likely that Rob would attribute happiness to ________, while Yoon-Sook would attribute it to _________.
a) interpersonal interactions; personal achievements
b) interpersonal interactions; interpersonal interactions, too
c) personal achievements; interpersonal interactions
d) personal achievements; personal achievements, too
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
118. A large group of people with a set of shared beliefs and practices is referred to as a(n) __________.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
119. __________ psychologists aims to understand psychological diversity between differing cultures.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
120. Which statement best expresses the relationship between a culture and a group?
a) A culture is the same thing as a group.
b) A culture refers to the practices and beliefs of a group.
c) Groups are subsets of a culture.
d) Cultures are subsets of groups.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
121. The etic approach examines how cultures are dissimilar
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
122. The emic approach makes comparisons between cultures using criteria that are considered absolute or universal.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
123. Define the term ‘imposed etics’.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
124. Which of the following countries is NOT considered a representative of an individualistic society?
a) Canada
b) Australia
c) India
d) Spain
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
125. In __________ societies individuals are more concerned with pleasing the social group rather than __________.
a) Individualistic; themselves
b) Collectivistic; themselves
c) Collectivistic; the family
d) Individualistic; the family
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
126. On a recent trip to Asia, Jasmine noticed that some of the cultures she encountered seemed to emphasize the needs of the group more than their individual needs. What type of culture did Jasmine most likely experience on her trip to Asia?
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
127. Which of the following items describes a common difficulty within cross-cultural psychology research?
a) The participants must be representative of the culture being studied.
b) Research materials must be validated in each culture.
c) Researchers need to make sure that each culture being studied understands the concept of ‘consent’
d) All of the above
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
128. One of the difficulties for a cross-cultural psychologist is ensuring that there is a high level of internal consistency as well as external validity in the materials used with differing cultures.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
129. Many Western cultures display individualistic attributes.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
130. In a study that asks participants from various culture to explain what makes them happy, Chinese participants described interpersonal interactions and evaluations from others.
This displays the __________ aspects of Chinese culture.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
131. Dr Young is comparing the Intelligence Quotient of children coming from country X and children coming from country Y. She is using a laptop for the subscale of Mental Reasoning. Children are asked to complete a series of computer-based tasks and performance is calculated based on reaction times. Results show a main effect of country on Mental Reasoning, whereby children from country Y are significantly slower than children from country X. However, Dr Young didn’t consider the fact that children from culture Y have been exposed to computers less frequently than the other children. Her findings show a clear example of __________.
a) Experimenter bias
b) Cultural bias
c) Alpha bias
d) Beta bias
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Section Ref: Bias in Psychology Research
Learning Objective: Discuss the main potential biases that can influence the ways that psychological research is conducted and the results interpreted, and examine the potential methods of tackling bias in psychological research.
Difficulty Level: Medium
132. In 1971 Izard showed that North American and European groups could identify 75-83% of facial expressions. However, a(n) __________ group only identified 65% and a(n) __________ group 50%. This study is an example of cross-cultural differences in the recognition of facial emotion.
a) Australian; Indian
b) Japanese; Chinese
c) Japanese; African
d) Australian; Japanese
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
133. In the Izard study (1971) on expression recognition, which group could identify the same amount of facial expressions as the North American group?
a) The Japanese group
b) The French group
c) The European group
d) The African group
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
134. Which of the six basic emotions’ representations were shown to overlap in Eastern cultures in the study conducted by Jack, Garrod, Yu, Caldara and Schyns (2012)?
a) Happiness, fear, disgust, anger
b) Happiness, sadness, disgust, anger
c) Surprise, fear, anger, disgust
d) Surprise, fear, happiness, anger
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short answer
135. Which are the five personality traits individuated by Costa and McCrae (1992) as part their Big Five personality traits theory?
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
136. Which of the Big Five personality traits are NOT consistently found across different cultures?
a) Agreeableness; neuroticism
b) Agreeableness; openness
c) Extraversion; neuroticism
d) Openness; neuroticism
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
137. Health and well-being are not universal concepts. For example, in __________ medicine health consists of the balance between yin and yang, two complementary forces. In __________, mental illness is considered a weakness in character.
Section Ref: Psychology at the Cultural Level
Learning Objective: Understand and describe the distinction between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology and the research into and implications of these two areas of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
138. The British Psychological Society was founded in __________.
a) 1890
b) 1901
c) 1911
d) 1921
Section Ref: Psychology Today
Learning Objective: Demonstrate understanding of the applications of psychology as an academic subject and some of the governing and professional bodies in psychology as a career and subject area.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
139. What is the subject matter of developmental psychology?
Section Ref: Psychology Today
Learning Objective: Demonstrate understanding of the applications of psychology as an academic subject and some of the governing and professional bodies in psychology as a career and subject area.
Difficulty Level: Medium
140. Which body represents psychology in the United Kingdom since 1901?
Section Ref: Psychology Today
Learning Objective: Demonstrate understanding of the applications of psychology as an academic subject and some of the governing and professional bodies in psychology as a career and subject area.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple Choice
141. Which of the following is NOT an aim of the British Psychological Society?
a) Selecting the best students to be chartered
b) Monitoring the standard of training programmes in psychology
c) Sharing scientific knowledge in the field of psychology
d) Providing guidelines for good practice
Section Ref: Psychology Today
Learning Objective: Demonstrate understanding of the applications of psychology as an academic subject and some of the governing and professional bodies in psychology as a career and subject area.
Difficulty Level: Medium
142. How many students were enrolled full-time on psychology courses in the UK in 2014-2015?
a) Approximately 20,000
b) Approximately 35,000
c) Approximately 50,000
d) Approximately 65,000
Section Ref: Psychology Today
Learning Objective: Demonstrate understanding of the applications of psychology as an academic subject and some of the governing and professional bodies in psychology as a career and subject area.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
143. The __________ is a regulatory body which monitors and controls professional practice, having the power to prevent psychologists from practicing.
Section Ref: Psychology Today
Learning Objective: Demonstrate understanding of the applications of psychology as an academic subject and some of the governing and professional bodies in psychology as a career and subject area.
Difficulty Level: Medium
144. Students who complete a __________ undergraduate degree become eligible for __________, which is a requirement if the student wants to pursuit a career as chartered psychologist.
Section Ref: Psychology Today
Learning Objective: Demonstrate understanding of the applications of psychology as an academic subject and some of the governing and professional bodies in psychology as a career and subject area.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
145. The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy has the power to prevent people from practicing.
Section Ref: Psychology Today
Learning Objective: Demonstrate understanding of the applications of psychology as an academic subject and some of the governing and professional bodies in psychology as a career and subject area.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
146. Professional organizations to which psychologists might belong include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) the Society for Psychological Inquiry
b) the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy
c) the Experimental Psychology Society
d) the UK council for psychotherapy
Section Ref: Psychology Today
Learning Objective: Demonstrate understanding of the applications of psychology as an academic subject and some of the governing and professional bodies in psychology as a career and subject area.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
147. Describe ‘the bystander effect’
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
148. The __________ shed a light on people’s behaviour in the presence of others which tends to be less responsive.
a) Smoke-filled room experiment
b) Zimbardo’s prison experiment
c) Milgram’s obedience study
d) Asch’s conformity study
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Medium
149. Which of the following is NOT reported as a reason for ‘the bystander effect’ in your textbook?
a) Pluralistic ignorance
b) Social conformity
c) The audience inhibition effect
d) Diffusion of responsibility
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
150. Make a distinction between academic psychologists and neuropsychologists.
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
151. Jazmine is studying psychology. She has decided that she would like to pursue a career where she can conduct research on the effects of breastfeeding on mother-infant attachment. Given her interests, which of the following branches of psychology should Jazmine pursue in her studies?
a) academic psychology
b) health psychology
c) counseling psychology
d) clinical psychology
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
152. A clinical psychologist is the same as a psychiatrist.
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
153. A __________ psychologist would likely help individuals cope more effectively with abnormal functioning.
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
154. What area of psychology helps athletes to manage stress?
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
155. Clinical psychologists cannot prescribe medications.
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
156. Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY identifies AND describes one of the three key branches of contemporary psychology described in your text?
a) clinical and counseling psychology -- involves the use of psychological principles to solve practical problems.
b) health psychology -- entails research and instruction on a variety of psychological topics
c) applied psychology – involves using psychological principles to help people cope effectively
d) academic psychology – entails research and instruction on a variety of psychological topics
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Medium
157. Dr. Jiminez examines how limitations on human attention and memory may guide the design of computer interfaces. Dr. Krevetsky helps young adults make effective career and work decisions. Finally, Dr. Leonard teaches and performs research in social psychology at a university. Which psychologist is CORRECTLY matched with the branch of psychology she represents?
a) Dr. Jiminez – academic psychology
b) Dr. Krevetsky – clinical and counseling psychology
c) Dr. Leonard – applied psychology
d) Dr. Krevetsky – applied psychology
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Medium
158. The roots of psychology’s academic, applied, and clinical/counseling branches are found in psychology’s early days in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Which branch of psychology is matched with the theoretical approach MOST sympathetic to its development?
a) academic psychology -- structuralism
b) academic psychology – psychoanalytic psychology
c) clinical and counseling psychology – Gestalt psychology
d) clinical and counseling psychology -- structuralism
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Hard
159. The shared values of all branches of psychology include each of the following EXCEPT:
a) the idea that psychology is empirical
b) a commitment to a single level of analysis
c) an endorsement of theory-driven work
d) a compliance to an ethical code
Section Ref: Psychology in Action: Applying Psychological Science
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the wide variety of professional careers in psychology and other occupations where a psychological science background is advantageous.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short Answer
160. If a clock is analogous to the human mind, describe how structuralists and functionalists would vary in their research approaches and interests?
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
161. Which historical period below is CORRECTLY matched with its relevance for the psychology’s development?
a) 1400-1600 – Humans are viewed as machines subject to the laws of matter.
b) 1800 – Advances in education and communication have encouraged public interest in science.
c) 1800s – Supernatural worldview fades.
d) late 1800s – Theory of evolution spurs interest in the origin of human behaviour.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
162. In which year did Wundt begin operating the first psychology lab?
a) 1829
b) 1839
c) 1859
d) 1879
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
163. Wundt is to ________ as James is to _______.
a) structuralism; functionalism
b) structuralism; voluntarism
c) functionalism; voluntarsim
d) functionalism; structuralism
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
164. In his laboratory, Wundt applied rigorous, scientific experimentation using the technique of:
a) free associations
b) introspection
c) psychophysics
d) meditation
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
165. Which of the following statements BEST expresses the aim of the functionalist perspective?
a) Functionalism seeks to identify what the mind contains.
b) Functionalism seeks to determine the purpose of mental processes.
c) Functionalism seeks to determine how mental experience is organized.
d) Functionalism seeks to understand the influence of the unconscious mind.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
166. Which of the following early approaches to psychology originated in the United States?
a) psychoanalytic theory
b) Gestalt psychology
c) structuralism
d) functionalism
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
167. Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
a) psychodynamic -- emphasized the purpose of mental processes
b) functionalism -- emphasized the elements of mental experience
c) behaviourism -- emphasized the unconscious determinants of behaviour
d) structuralism -- emphasized the elements of mental experience
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
168. Marie is a middle aged elementary school teacher who has just been arrested for shoplifting. Security guards have video footage of Marie shoplifting shampoo, toothpaste, and cosmetics but when the police interview Marie, she says that she has no conscious memory of the theft. According to Marie’s therapist Dr Missoni, it would have been silly for her to jeopardize her career and reputation by engaging in petty larceny. Therefore, Marie’s behaviour must be due to unconscious motives. Dr Missoni believes that Marie’s recent depression and death of her mother led her projecting her feelings about the role of mother on to the shop. As a result, Marie engaged in “unconscious” shoplifting. Which of the following theoretical approaches to psychology is most consistent with Dr Missoni’s interpretation of Marie’s behaviour?
a) Structuralism
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Behaviourism
d) Humanism
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
169. Freud’s theory was never challenged by rigorous scientific study and remains the basis of modern psychological thoughts on human nature.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
170. The principles of behaviourism have been applied to numerous industries, particularly in education.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
171. Which theorist pioneered the idea that young children’s behaviour is highly influenced by the environment?
a) Freud
b) Watson
c) James
d) Skinner
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short Answer
172. Julia procrastinated when completing her homework, so her roommate promised to buy her dinner on Friday nights if she completed her homework before the weekend. This plan increased the incidence of Julia completing her homework before the weekend. In this example, which technique did Julia’s roommate use to motivate her?
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
173. Theoretically speaking, undesirable behaviours are less likely to be repeated if the technique of __________ is used.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
174. The biological perspective in psychology explores how brain structure and brain activity are associated to behaviour.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
175. The psychodynamic perspective originated in the work of ________, a Viennese neurologist.
a) Freud
b) Maslow
c) Jung
d) Bandura
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
176. Noreen asserts that our behaviour often reflects unconscious motives and conflicts. This viewpoint is most consistent with the ________ perspective in psychology.
a) humanistic
b) psychodynamic
c) cognitive
d) biological
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
178. Which of the following types of evidence provided the foundation for Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
a) survey responses of large samples of adults
b) observations of adults in everyday contexts
c) archival data: newspaper reports and historical records
d) case studies of patients in therapy
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
179. To what extent has empirical research supported psychoanalytic theory?
a) Empirical research generally does not support psychoanalytic theory.
b) Empirical research offers moderate support for psychoanalytic theory.
c) Empirical research strongly supports psychoanalytic theory.
d) Empirical research has not addressed psychoanalytic theory.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
180. Which of the following theoretical approaches in psychology emphasized the influence of childhood on adult thought and behaviour?
a) functionalism
b) psychoanalytic
c) structuralism
d) cognitive psychology
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
181. Which of the following alternatives BEST expresses the influence of psychoanalytic theory in psychology?
a) It has become increasingly influential in recent years.
b) Its influence has greatly declined over the years. Psychoanalytic theory is really only of historical interest at this point.
c) It has never been broadly influential in psychology.
d) It has had a significant in psychology.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
182. Penny is a recovering drug addict. Her treatment program emphasizes the influence of her environment – “people, places, and things” – on her use of her drug of choice. Her program reflects the ________ approach in psychology.
a) psychoanalytic
b) behaviourist
c) humanistic
d) biological
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
183. At the heart of the humanistic perspective is the concept of ________.
a) environmental determinism
b) free will
c) natural selection
d) unconscious conflict
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
184. “Be all that you can be!” exhorted a recruitment campaign for the military. The campaign suggests that joining the armed forces is the royal road to the fulfilment of one’s potential, or _________ in the words of the humanists.
a) self-esteem
b) self-awareness
c) self-actualization
d) self-efficacy
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
185. Driving to work one day, Rosemary suspects that motorists talking on their cell phones process less information relevant to the task of driving than do other drivers. This hypothesis would most likely be tested by a ______ psychologist.
a) psychoanalytic
b) cognitive
c) behaviouristic
d) humanistic
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
186. Both the structuralists and the cognitive psychologists investigated the conscious mind. How did the cognitive psychologists differ from the structuralists in their approach to the mind?
a) The cognitive psychologists examined the mind’s processes, whereas the structuralists investigated its contents.
b) The cognitive psychologists examined the mind’s contents, whereas the structuralists investigated its processes.
c) The cognitive psychologists attempted to apply the scientific method to the study of the mind. The structuralists did not.
d) There is little difference between the two perspectives in their approach to the mind. The cognitive approach represents a modern-day resurgence of the structuralist perspective.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
187. Which twentieth-century perspective in psychology is CORRECTLY matched with its emphasis?
a) psychoanalytic perspective -- emphasizes people’s motivation to grow and develop and gain control over their destinies
b) humanistic perspective -- emphasizes how people process information
c) behavioural perspective -- emphasizes observable behaviour and objectivity
d) cognitive psychology – emphasizes the unconscious influences on thought and behaviour
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
188. Dr Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable, measurable behaviour. Dr Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think and process information about the world. Which option below correctly identifies their respective perspectives?
a) Dr Greenway – psychoanalytic perspective; Dr Cech – humanistic perspective
b) Dr Greenway – behaviourist perspective; Dr Cech – humanistic perspective
c) Dr Greenway – cognitive perspective; Dr Cech – behaviourist perspective
d) Dr Greenway – behaviourist perspective; Dr Cech – cognitive perspective
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
189. Which psychologist is CORRECTLY matched with an associated perspective?
a) Maslow -- cognitive
b) Freud -- behaviourist
c) Rogers -- humanistic
d) Skinner -- psychoanalytic
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
190. Dr Bowen claims that inheritance exerts a strong influence on thought and behaviour. Which of the following is the most specific claim you can make with some certainty?
a) Dr Bowen is a behavioural psychologist.
b) Dr Bowen is an evolutionary psychologist.
c) Dr Bowen is a social psychologist.
d) Dr Bowen is a neuroscientist.
Section Ref: Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind and Behaviour
Learning Objective: Discuss the main issues and debates that have dominated the history of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Fill-in-the-blank
191. Descartes’ idea of the relationship between body and mind was challenged by Thomas Hobbes who had a __________ view over the mind-body debate.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
192. Which philosopher proposed the idea that science as such must be falsifiable?
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
193. Francis Galton was an exponent of the __________ view. He believed that the nature-nurture debate was too complex to support an all-or-nothing view.
a) nativist
b) empiricist
c) dualistic
d) interactionist
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short answer
194. Which view on the nature-nurture debate is currently supported by scientists?
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
195. Plato adopted a nativist view on the nature-nurture debate.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
196. Discuss the interactionist view in the nature-nurture debate.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
197. The notion that people have total control over their own actions is known as:
a) Free will
b) Self-actualization
c) Determinism
d) Soft determinism
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
198. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the notion of ‘free will’?
a) It’s the idea that people’s actions are regulated by uncontrollable internal forces.
b) It’s the idea that people’s actions are regulated by uncontrollable external forces.
c) It’s the idea that people have full control of their actions.
d) It’s the idea that people’s actions are influenced by the instinct.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
199. The Code of Ethics and Conduct was established in 2009 by the American Psychological Association.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy
200. It would be impossible to reproduce an experiment like that of Zimbardo’s Stanford prison with today’s ethical standards.
Section Ref: Issues and Debates in Psychology
Learning Objective: Demonstrate knowledge of the recent and possible future developments on the discipline of psychology.
Difficulty Level: Easy