Test Bank

Chapter 4: The Origins and End of the Cold War

Multiple Choice

1. Arguing that an emerging global consciousness led to a decrease in military confrontation and an increase in global interdependence is an example of an argument from the ______ perspective.

a. realist

b. liberal

c. identity

d. critical theory

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Convergence

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. In exchange for the removal of Soviet nuclear-capable missiles from Cuba, U.S. President John F. Kennedy agreed to which of the following?

a. the withdrawal of NATO forces from Berlin and a pledge not to invade Cuba

b. the withdrawal of Jupiter missiles from Turkey and a pledge not to invade Cuba

c. diplomatic recognition of Fidel Castro’s regime and the withdrawal of NATO forces from Berlin

d. the installation of a “hotline” between Washington, D.C., and Moscow and negotiations on nuclear disarmament

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cuban Missile Crisis from a Liberal Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The ______ level of analysis describes the argument that the Soviet Union behaved aggressively at the start of the Cold War because Soviet society was aggressive.

a. individual

b. domestic

c. foreign policy

d. systemic

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

Answer Location: How Ideas Started the Cold War

4. In October 1944, Winston Churchill and Josef Stalin proposed a relative breakdown of how much influence the Soviet Union and the western Allies would have in post-World War II Europe. This is an example of ______.

a. decolonization

b. spheres of influence

c. détente

d. extended deterrence

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Power Vacuum and Spheres of Influence

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which alliance system was led by the Soviet Union and opposed NATO?

a. the Helsinki Accords

b. the Warsaw Pact

c. the Baruch Plan

d. the Potsdam Conference

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Snapshot of the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. SEATO was a treaty organization developed during the 1950s that included the United States and all but which of the following countries?

a. Pakistan

b. Iran

c. France

d. Thailand

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alliances and Proxy Wars

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. ______ weapon is used to destroy industries and cities.

a. Counterforce

b. Countervalue

c. First-strike

d. Second-strike

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. What did the policy of rollback entail?

a. awarding independence to former colonies in the third world

b. building up defensive systems and reducing offensive weapons

c. liberating Eastern European countries from Soviet control

d. defining the Cold War in ideological terms

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Ideas Started the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The ______ level of analysis describes the argument that through interaction, the United States and the Soviet Union came to see each other as enemies, not rivals.

a. individual

b. domestic

c. foreign policy

d. systemic

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Détente and the Helsinki Accords

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following states was not a permanent member of the UN Security Council when the United Nations was founded?

a. the Soviet Union

b. the United States

c. Japan

d. Great Britain

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: United Nations

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Which of the following differences between U.S. presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman would be highlighted by the liberal perspective?

a. how they conducted diplomacy

b. their personal worldview or ideology

c. their stance on the utility of military force

d. whether or not they had access to nuclear weapons

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Truman’s Blundering Diplomacy

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following was not one of the sets of agreements that were part of the Helsinki Accords?

a. human rights

b. environmental regulation

c. trade

d. arms control

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Détente and the Helsinki Accords

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Which of the following arguments presents a realist explanation for the start of the Cold War?

a. The Cold War was a consequence of the security dilemma.

b. The United States and the Soviet Union came to see themselves as enemies rather than rivals.

c. The United Nations failed as an international institution to establish collective security.

d. Regional institutions cultivated security and economic interdependence, which transformed political interests and identities.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Realist Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Winston Churchill referred to post-World War II Europe as being divided between East and West by ______.

a. an Iron Curtain

b. Ural Mountains

c. Velvet Curtain

d. the Berlin Wall

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Soviet Aggression—Historical Expansionism

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. During which meeting did wartime allies attempt to produce agreement on the unification of Germany but ultimately failed?

a. the Potsdam Conference

b. the Congress of Vienna

c. the Helsinki Accords

d. the Yalta Conference

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Aggression—Capitalist Expansion

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. In 1949, what major event occurred, leading to the escalation of the Cold War?

a. the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy

b. communist victory in the Chinese Civil War

c. the testing of the Soviet Union’s first nuclear weapon

d. the drafting of Kennan’s long telegram

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How the Cold War Expanded

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which of the following describes the concept of extended deterrence?

a. A few nuclear weapons are kept in order to retaliate and inflict unacceptable damage on an adversary.

b. Many nuclear weapons are kept in order to deter both conventional and limited nuclear attacks.

c. Nuclear weapons are kept to deter an attack on the territory of an allied country.

d. Nuclear land-, sea-, and air-based retaliatory weapons are kept to defend a country.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The ______ perspective would most likely highlight Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev’s New Thinking as leading to the end of the Cold War.

a. realist

b. liberal

c. identity

d. critical theory

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Soviet Collapse

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. What is meant by the term the iron curtain?

a. a metaphor for the first physical confrontation of the Cold War, in which Stalin blocked land routes into Berlin

b. a metaphor for the political divisions between the United States and the Soviet Union that produced no agreement on the unification of Germany

c. a metaphor for the political, ideological, and physical separation of the Soviet Union and Western countries during the Cold War

d. a metaphor for the competing theories of what started the Cold War—American aggression or Soviet ideology

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Soviet Aggression—Historical Expansionism

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. According to an argument from the realist perspective, how did the Soviet Union interpret the proposed expansion of the Marshall Plan to include Eastern European states?

a. The United States sought to build economic cooperation in Europe in order to make Europe more peaceful.

b. The United States sought to politically and economically dominate states necessary to the Soviet Union’s security.

c. The United States sought to expand its capitalist and democratic values.

d. The United States sought to take advantage of the United Nations and other international institutions to ensure collective security.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: US Aggression—Capitalist Expansion

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. What term describes the competitive buildup of weapons systems?

a. deterrence

b. arms race

c. balance of terror

d. mutually assured destruction

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Soviet Aggression—Historical Expansionism.

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. What was the aim of the Marshall Plan?

a. to aid former colonies in the third world in gaining their independence

b. to limit offensive nuclear weapon systems

c. to establish spheres of influence for the United States and the Soviet Union in Europe

d. to rebuild Germany and the rest of Europe after World War II

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: U.S. Aggression—Capitalist Expansion

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Which term refers to conflicts in peripheral areas in which nuclear powers tested each other’s military capabilities and resolve?

a. wars of attrition

b. hot wars

c. proxy wars

d. national wars of liberation

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alliances and Proxy Wars

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. What does escalation dominance accomplish?

a. It destroys the nuclear capabilities of an adversary.

b. It prevents an adversary from escalating their threats and forces them to compromise.

c. It establishes nuclear capabilities on land, at sea, and in the air.

d. It prevents new states from acquiring nuclear capabilities.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Which of the following is not an acronym for a disarmament agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union?

a. MAD

b. ABM

c. SALT

d. START

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer location: Realist Explanations

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Glasnost and perestroika refer to Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas of domestic reform known as ______.

a. New Thinking

b. peace studies

c. convergence

d. idea change

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Soviet Ideas Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Arguing that the Truman Doctrine demonstrated the United States’ commitment to spreading and defending democratic values is an example of an argument from the ______ perspective.

a. realist

b. liberal

c. identity

d. critical theory

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How Ideas Started the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. The ______ perspective would most likely argue that NATO’s purpose was to back up political and economic integration in Western Europe.

a. realist

b. liberal

c. identity

d. critical theory

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: NATO and the European Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. The ______ perspective emphasizes the information revolution as a key event leading to the end of the Cold War.

a. realist

b. liberal

c. identity

d. critical theory

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Information Revolution and the End of the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Arguing that the Soviet Union will use international organizations and transnational actors (like the Russian Orthodox Church, pan-Slav movements, and labor movements) to further its strategic interests is an example of an argument from the ______ perspectives.

a. realist

b. liberal

c. identity

d. critical theory

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Long Telegram

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. The Soviet Union supported ______ in recently decolonized developing countries, a type of proxy war against Western colonialism.

a. national wars of liberation

b. nonaligned movements

c. capitalist expansion

d. New Thinking

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alliances and Proxy Wars

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Which American statesman labeled Eastern European countries “captive nations” of the Soviet Union and advocated for a policy of rollback?

a. Richard Nixon

b. John Foster Dulles

c. Alger Hiss

d. Dean Acheson

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: American Ideology

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies (including Glasnost, Perestroika, and the foreign policy revolution) were influenced by what set of ideas?

a. Great Leap Forward

b. rollback

c. New Thinking

d. Truman Doctrine

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Soviet Ideas Change

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Arguing that a change in Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas prompted the end of the Cold War is an example of an argument from the ______ level of analysis?

A. individual

b. domestic

c. foreign policy

d. systemic

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Soviet Ideas Change

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Arguing that U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to make the United Nations compatible with the constitutional structure of the United States is an example of an argument from the ______ level of analysis.

a. individual

b. domestic

c. foreign policy

d. systemic

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: United Nations

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. In what year did the European Communities become the European Union?

a. 1958

b. 1973

c. 1986

d. 1993

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: NATO and the European Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

Multiple Response

1. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following strategies did U.S. President Ronald Reagan use to build American power after fears of American decline in the 1970s?

a. programs to build space-based defense systems

b. the deregulation and restructuring of the American economy

c. programs to build up arsenals of offensive nuclear weapons

d. new taxes to fund U.S. military exercises abroad

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

2. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following was an outcome of the European Economic Community?

a. It created a common policy in agriculture, which managed prices above market levels.

b. It pooled research and development activities to exploit peaceful uses of nuclear power.

c. It established common external tariffs and eliminated internal tariffs.

d. It created a common foreign and security policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: NATO and the European Community

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following was a way in which the United States and the Soviet Union confronted each other during the Cold War?

a. diplomatic crises

b. direct conflict with each other

c. arms races and the creation of rival alliances

d. proxy war

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Snapshot of the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. In 1956 and 1968, the Soviet Union deployed forces in which two Warsaw Pact states?

a. Hungary

b. East Germany

c. Czechoslovakia

d. Poland

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alliances and Proxy Wars

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. What developments led some analysts to conclude that America was in decline in the 1970s and 1980s?

a. the successful negotiation for the release of hostages from Iran in 1979

b. the projection of Soviet power beyond Eurasia

c. domestic problems like economic hardship, racial tensions, and political scandals

d. technological development in the United States lagged behind that of the Soviet Union

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Rebound

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The identity perspective highlights which of the following as reasons for the end of the Cold War?

a. convergence of ideas

b. change of ideas

c. divergence of ideas

d. triumph of ideas

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Ideas Ended the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The revisionist interpretation of the Cold War—that American aggression caused Soviet insecurity—is most likely argued by which of the following perspectives?

a. the realist perspective

b. the liberal perspective

c. the identity perspective

d. the critical theory perspective

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: U.S. Aggression—Capitalist Expansionism

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are key points of the long telegram?

a. The United States will win by spreading democracy.

b. Marxism expresses Russian insecurity.

c. The United States is confrontational.

d. The Soviet Union leads a worldwide communist effort.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Long Telegram

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which two massive military alliances resulted from the use of the logic of force by the United States and the Soviet Union to checkmate and contain one another?

a. the Warsaw Pact

b. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

c. the Potsdam Conference

d. the Helsinki Accords

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Snapshots of the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The revisionist interpretation of the Cold War—that American aggression caused Soviet insecurity—is most likely argued by which of the following perspectives?

a. the realist perspective

b. the liberal perspective

c. the identity perspective

d. the critical theory perspective

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: U.S. Aggression—Capitalist Expansionism

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following was a result of the National Security Council document NSC-68, drafted by the U.S. White House in 1950?

a. The defense budget increased in one year from $13.5 billion to $48.2 billion.

b. The United States was given authority to occupy West Germany.

c. The number of U.S. troops in Europe increased from 80,000 in 1950 to 427,000 in 1953.

d. NATO was established as an institution to reinforce political ties among Western allies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How the Cold War Expanded

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. In 1949, what two major events occurred, leading to the escalation of the Cold War?

a. the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy

b. communist victory in the Chinese Civil War

c. the testing of the Soviet Union’s first nuclear weapon

d. the drafting of Kennan’s long telegram

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How the Cold War Expanded

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following events contributed to the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962?

a. The United States launched an invasion of Cuba, known as the Bay of Pigs invasion, in 1961, increasing tensions between the United States and Cuba’s ally, the Soviet Union.

b. The United States had a substantial superiority of nuclear weapons over the Soviet Union.

c. The United States removed Jupiter missiles from Turkey.

d. The United States built the Berlin Wall in 1961 to keep East German citizens from entering West Germany.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cuban Missile Crisis

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. In 1956 and 1968, the Soviet Union deployed forces in which two Warsaw Pact states?

a. Hungary

b. East Germany

c. Czechoslovakia

d. Poland

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alliances and Proxy Wars

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. What developments led some analysts to conclude that America was in decline in the 1970s and 1980s?

a. the successful negotiation for the release of hostages from Iran in 1979

b. the projection of Soviet power beyond Eurasia

c. domestic problems like economic hardship, racial tensions, and political scandals

d. technological development in the United States lagged behind that of the Soviet Union

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Rebound

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following strategies did U.S. President Ronald Reagan use to build American power after fears of American decline in the 1970s? (Choose all that apply.)

a. programs to build space-based defense systems

b. the deregulation and restructuring of the American economy

c. programs to build up arsenals of offensive nuclear weapons

d. new taxes to fund U.S. military exercises abroad

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Rebound

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The identity perspective highlights which of the following as reasons for the end of the Cold War?

a. convergence of ideas

b. change of ideas

c. divergence of ideas

d. triumph of ideas

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Ideas Ended the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following was an outcome of the European Economic Community?

a. It created a common policy in agriculture, which managed prices above market levels.

b. It pooled research and development activities to exploit peaceful uses of nuclear power.

c. It established common external tariffs and eliminated internal tariffs.

d. It created a common foreign and security policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: NATO and the European Community

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The liberal perspective argues that Soviet behavior was determined by strategic and geopolitical factors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How the Cold War Started

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The Warsaw Pact included the Soviet Union, East Germany, Poland, and Yugoslavia, among other Eastern European countries.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Snapshot of the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Minimum deterrence is a strategy that relies on a few nuclear weapons to retaliate and inflict unacceptable damage on the adversary.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The United States employed a strategy of maximum deterrence during the Cold War to defend the territories of its allies in Europe.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. According to the realist perspective, one major cause of the Cold War was that Stalin feared democratic systems in Eastern Europe would undermine the communist system in the Soviet Union.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How the Cold War Started

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The Korean War is an example of a proxy war.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Rollback refers to a theory held by the superpowers that if one country in a developing region went over to the other side, other countries in the region would follow.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: American Ideology

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The difference between the policies of Sovietization and Finlandization was whether a state could keep its domestic system while aligning with Moscow on foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Constructing Cold War Identities

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. While deterrence under mutual assured destruction depended on offensive measures, U.S. President Ronald Reagan’s policies and plans, such as the Strategic Defense Initiative, suggested that defensive systems might be built up and offensive weapons built down.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: U.S. Rebound

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. European integration began with the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, an economic institution that integrated the coal and steel industries of France and Germany.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: NATO and the European Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation became the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1961 when the United States and Canada joined.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: NATO and the European Community

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. The Truman Doctrine cast the Cold War in terms of a struggle between two alternative ideologies (or ways of life).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Ideas Started the Cold War | American Ideology

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The Potsdam Conference of July 1945 resulted in the successful implementation of a reparation plan that unified Germany.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Aggression—Capitalist Expansionism

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Some realists argue that the distribution at the beginning of the Cold War was tripolar, which is uniquely unstable.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Power Vacuum and Spheres of Influence

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. The Long Telegram outlines the policy of ______.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Long Telegram

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Winston Churchill referred to post-World War II Europe as being divided by an ______ extending “from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic.”

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Soviet Aggression—Historical Expansionism.

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The argument that the United States provoked the Cold War is called a ______ interpretation because it reverses a traditional argument (in this case, that the Soviet Union provoked the Cold War).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: U.S. Aggression—Capitalist Expansionism

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The ______ was a proxy war, begun in 1950, that globalized the Cold War alliances.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alliances and Proxy Wars

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. ______ is the use of threat to stop an attack before it occurs.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The strategy of ______ relies on many nuclear weapons to deter both conventional and limited nuclear attacks.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. In theory, ______ capability will deter a first strike by ensuring that enough nuclear weapons survive the first strike to inflict an unacceptable amount of damage in retaliation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The ______ refers to the combination of land-, sea-, and air-based retaliatory weapons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How the Cold War Expanded | Nuclear Deterrence and Escalation

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. After World War II, the process of ______ created more than 50 new states in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alliances and Proxy Wars

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The Soviet Union supported ______ in recently decolonized developing countries, a type of proxy war against Western colonialism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alliances and Proxy Wars

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. The ______, led by India, Yugoslavia, and Egypt, was a coalition that stressed neutrality in the Cold War.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alliances and Proxy Wars

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded ______.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Rebound

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. U.S. President Ronald Reagan proposed the nuclear strategy of ______, which focused on building up defensive systems and reducing offensive weapons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location U.S. Rebound

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The identity perspective stresses three main origins of the Cold War: ______ in the Soviet Union, American democracy, and how the United States and Soviet Union came to see each other as enemies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Critical Theory Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. ______ refers to Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas of domestic reform known as glasnost and perestroika.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Information Revolution and the End of the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. ______ is a scholarly inquiry dedicated to the study of the potential for international peace. It emphasized collective and common-humanity approaches rather than balance of power.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How Ideas Ended the Cold War | Soviet Ideas Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The ______, proposed by the United States in 1946, sought to create a UN agency to control and manage nuclear weapons cooperatively.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Truman’s Blundering Diplomacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The ______ phase of the Cold War began in the 1960s when the West initiated diplomatic overtures to the Soviet Union.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Détente and the Helsinki Accords

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. In The Long Telegram, how did George F. Kennan analyze Soviet motives and strategy, and how did he recommend the United States deal with the Soviet Union?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Long Telegram

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What is the difference between the American policies of containment and rollback?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How the Cold War Started | How Ideas Ended the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. After decolonization, how did the Soviet Union and the United States become involved in newly independent states?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: How the Cold War Expanded

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. In the 1980s, what developments allowed the United States to recover after it seemed that American power was declining?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How the Cold War Ended

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. According to the identity perspective, how did Mikhail Gorbachev’s New Thinking lead to the end of the Cold War?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: How the Cold War Ended

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. According to the liberal perspective, what role did the Helsinki Accords play in the policy of détente?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Détente and the Helsinki Accords

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. According to the identity perspective, how did ideas change so that the Cold War could come to an end?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Information Revolution and the End of the Cold War

Difficulty Level: Hard