The Labour Of Technology Chapter.7 Test Bank Answers

Chapter 7

The Labour of Technology

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Scientific management is also referred to as:
   1. Millerism
   2. Taylorism
   3. Fordism
   4. Functionalism
2. Scientific management improved this in the eyes of business owners?
   1. Quality/Balance
   2. Access/Efficiency
   3. R&D/Profit
   4. Productivity/Profit
3. Implementing a moving assembly line into the production process resulted in:
   1. Reduced prices
   2. Improved working conditions
   3. Higher wages
   4. A cycle of production and consumption that would feed into mass consumption
4. Which of the following are key features describing networked organizations?
   1. Paperless work, Virtual teams, Mobile reach
   2. Paperless work, Mobilized teams, Virtual reach
   3. Decentralized work, Mobilized teams, Virtual reach
   4. Centralized work, Mobilized teams, Capital reach
5. ICTs in networked organizations have been found to:
   1. make decision-making a decentralized process.
   2. completely replace existing connections and hierarchies in the information network.
   3. centralize and decentralize decision-making, and to have no effect when one was expected.
   4. make peripheral actors more central to the information network.
6. This variant of Marxist social theory puts emphasis on workers’ ability to self-organize with the aim of creating changes in the workplace and throughout society at large.
7. Labour Liberation Theory
8. Union Mobilization Theory
9. Autonomous Marxism
10. Concentrated Practice Marxism
11. Which of the following is one of the core elements of post-industrial society as identified by Bell?
12. Dominance of network-based industries
13. An increase in information services alongside information production
14. Creation of a network-industrial elite
15. Dominance of science-based industries
16. A major consequence of scientific management for workers was _________.?
    1. less control over their work and lower appreciation of their craft
    2. more expertise in a wider variety of tasks
    3. an increased sense of ownership in the workplace over decisions being made
    4. the opportunity to pick and choose what task they were best at completing
17. Someone who is acting as a prosumer might do the following:
18. post an item to Etsy that they created themselves.
19. construct an item that they bought and took home from Ikea.
20. playing a standard single-player video game.
21. develop a unique app for other people to place content on.
22. What is a key reason why Instagram works well as a means for advertising products?
23. Microcelebrities can recommend products to their friends and followers directly.
24. Users have strong controls to prevent third-party usage of their data.
25. Instagram makes sure all advertisers are trustworthy before allowing use of the service.
26. Microcelebrities don’t have to disclose if they’re sponsored to promote a product.
27. Which of the following is not an example of an information commons?
28. Facebook
29. Wikipedia
30. Google Search
31. Instagram
32. The platform or sharing economy primarily makes money from:
33. connecting labour providers with workers who are largely considered contracted
34. sharing data with each other about consumer behaviours
35. replicating traditional forms of labour in a digital space
36. providing reliable and consistent remote shift work for workers
37. Produsage is characterized by:
38. strong hierarchies, rigid copyright protections, and outside evaluation
39. open communal participation, continuing processes, and individual rewards
40. exclusive communities, top-down approval for projects, and group rewards
41. DIY-culture, reliance on individual skill for all steps, and lack of community
    
42. After his death on June 25, 2009, the Michael Jackson Wikipedia page:
43. Was not edited for two weeks as a sign of respect.
44. Broke the record for most-viewed web page in history.
45. Became a place where users could post their memories about the late pop idol.
46. Was constantly edited as conflict emerged over how he should be portrayed.
47. On Wikipedia the most fundamental principle guiding contribution is:
48. Equality of contribution
49. Lack of sanctions against personal opinions
50. Neutral point of view
51. Keeping Wikipedia free of advertisements
52. Some Makerspaces charge a fee to potential users, what purpose do they serve?
53. To keep people out who might misuse the space
54. To purchase tools/ maintain the space
55. To cover copyright costs
56. To pay the chief librarian
57. Which of the following is a key debate that has arisen following the introduction of 3D printing into society?
58. What is an authentic object, if each replica is build from the same blueprint?
59. How can we control information, if all information can be printed?
60. How users interact with objects that are manufactured in a lab
61. The ability of users to create potentially harmful and illegal objects
62. What is a positive outcome that has resulted from the introduction of 3D printing into our society?
63. Reduce electronic waste
64. Fewer frictions around digital consumption
65. Reduce consumerism as everybody can print any object
66. Reduce social inequality

True or False Questions

1. The streamlining of work processes that lead to the development of mass production techniques was brought about with the adoption of scientific management.
2. Individual team members working on a produsage product often receive low wages or no wages, and remain involved because of personal satisfaction gained by doing the work.
3. The most prevalent form of management is management through hierarchical organization.
4. The networked organization is the way of the future, as it has no negative social or economic consequences for work.
5. The move toward a service or information economy (away from manufacturing) is often described as post-industrial.
6. Microtasks are software projects where computer programmers and others interested in software, graphics, and interface design get together for collaboration.
7. Microcelebrities are able to gain popularity through a high amount of immaterial labour, self-disclosure, and engagement with followers.
8. Produsage communities do not follow strict hierarchies and do not require any regulation in order to operate.
9. Produsage products often require high wages to be paid to workers in order to keep everyone involved, since there is generally a low level of personal satisfaction associated with the work.
10. Gig-workers on contracts in the sharing economy do not typically receive the same wages, rights, and benefits as employees or workers in traditional industries.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did the Hawthorne experiments teach us about work?
2. What are three key features of networked organizations?
3. Define the term prosumer and illustrate its meaning using an example from your life.
4. Explain what an e-lancer is?
5. What are some of the downsides of gig-work for labourers?

Long Answer Questions

1. Do you feel that the sharing economy is more beneficial or more harmful to modern labourers? Explain using specific examples of gig work, e-lancers, and microtasks. Also address one counter argument you would expect someone with the opposite opinion to make.

1. Makerspaces are becoming important centres of production in today’s 21st century. Describe the key assumptions underlying makerspaces and how they are relevant to notions of production and consumption. Also, outline who benefits from the creation of makerspaces in libraries.