The Human Population And Its Impact Chapter 6 Exam Questions

CHAPTER 6—THE HUMAN POPULATION AND ITS IMPACT

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. At today’s level of consumption, scientists estimate that we would need the equivalent of ____ planet Earths to sustain our use of resources in 2050.

2. What concept describes the maximum number of people who can live in reasonable comfort and freedom indefinitely?

3. About ____% of the children born in 2012 were an addition to the world’s more developed countries.

4. The exponential rate of growth of the total human population over the past 100 years has been a result of ____.

5. Currently, how many people on the earth do not have their basic needs met?

6. The replacement-level fertility rate is ____ for developed countries and ____ for developing countries.

7. The U.S. population is ____.

8. If every woman on the earth had no more than an average of 2.1 children during their reproductive years, the human population would continue to rise for how long?

9. The 2012 U.S. population of 314 million is expected to reach what level by 2050?

10. Which factor below is least likely to affect birth and fertility rates today?

11. Which factor is more likely to increase the likelihood of a couple having a child (rather than decrease the likelihood)?

12. What circumstance would decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child?

13. Two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region are ____.

14. Infant mortality rate refers to the number of children per 1,000 births that die ____.

15. Worldwide, how many children under one year of age die each day of preventable causes?

16. Since 1955, the global life expectancy has risen to ____.

17. The United States has one of the highest infant mortality rates of developed countries. What is the primary reason for this?

18. According to recent research, how many environmental refugees were there in the year 2008?

19. Currently, legal and illegal immigration account for approximately how much of the U.S. annual population growth?

20. Population change is calculated using which of the following formulas?

21. About 2.3 million people were added to the U.S. population in 2012. What percentage of this increase was due to immigration?

22. Which country had the world’s longest life expectancy in 2012?

23. Environmental refugees typically migrate to ____.

24. The crude birth rate is the number of live births per ____ persons in a given year.

25. The total fertility rate is the ____.

26. Between 1955 and 2012, the global total fertility rate (TFR) dropped from in less-developed countries from 5 to what level?

27. The U.S. total fertility rate has remained at or below replacement rate since what year?

28. Demographers estimate the human population in 2050 to be between 7.8 and 10.8 billion - a range of three billion. Why is the estimated range so wide?

29. Members of the baby-boom generation make up ____% of all adult Americans.

30. Which country is currently facing a declining population?

31. What shape in an age-structure chart would best illustrate the effects of the baby-boom in the United States in 2012?

32. Rapid population decline is least likely to result in ____.

33. The text suggests that one key demographic statistic is the percentage of people in a region that are under 15 years of age. Why is this statistic important?

34. A high incidence of AIDS in a country is least likely to result in a(n) ____.

35. Worldwide, AIDS is the leading cause of death for people _____ years of age.

36. An age structure diagram plots the number or percentage of ____.

37. Countries that have reached zero population growth have an age structure diagram that ____.

38. Rapidly growing countries have an age structure diagram that ____.

39. A country with a TFR that falls below 1.5 children per couple for a prolonged period will experience all of the following except ____.

40. Ninety percent of Indian couples have access to modern birth control methods. What percentage actually use one?

41. Which statement about China is false?

42. According to the demographic transition model, what trend is true of countries in Stage 2: Transitional?

43. In developing countries, demographic transition is least likely to be hindered by ____.

44. Which statistic is not true of women globally?

45. Women are least likely to have fewer and healthier children when ____.

46. Which statement about India’s resource and environmental problems is false?

47. Which statement about India is false?

48. The world’s first national ____ program began in India in 1952.

49. Which stage does not belong in the demographic transition model?

50. In the demographic transition model, death rates fall while birth rates remain high ____.

51. More than half of the world’s population now lives in urban areas.

52. In 2012, more than one-third of the global population lived in China or India.

53. Reaching the replacement-level fertility rate means a quick halt to population growth.

54. The population of the United States has stopped growing.

55. The average number of children born to a woman in China in 2012 is less than the number born to a woman in the United States.

56. About 70% of the growth in the U.S. population in 2012 resulted from births outnumbering deaths.

57. Infant mortality rate is one of the best measures of a society's quality of life.

58. In African countries, where 15-26% of the adult population is infected with HIV, life expectancy is expected to drop sharply.

59. Between 1972 and 2012, the average number of children born to a woman in China declined from 5.7 to 1.5.

60. The UN Population Fund indicates that less than 20% of all pregnancies in less-developed countries are unplanned, while 10% end with abortion.

61. Family planning reduces the number of legal and illegal abortions performed each year, and stabilizes the populations.

62. Worldwide, 900 million girls do not attend elementary school.

63. Globally, women own 40% of the world's land.

64. Worldwide, the number of school-age girls who do not attend elementary school is more than three times the population of the United States.

65. Family planning is responsible for a majority (55%) of the drop in total fertility rates (TFRs) in less-developed countries..

66. The maximum number people that can be supported by the planet’s resources indefinitely is called the ___________________.

67. The U.S. generation born between 1946 and 1964 is known as the _______________ generation.

68. The ____________________ is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

69. The ____________________ is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

70. The rapid growth of the world's population over the past 100 years is primarily the result of a(n) ____________________ in the crude ____________________.

71. The United States ranks _______________ in the world in terms of infant mortality rates.

72. The straight line running through the accompanying graph from left to right represents ____________________.

73. Since 1900, the ____________________ represents the period characterized by the lowest number of immigrants to the U.S.

74. The global population of people over 65 is projected to _______________ by the year 2050.

75. A country with many people younger than age 15 will experience rapid population growth, unless death rates rise sharply. This phenomenon is called _______________.

76. Unlike malnutrition, AIDS kills many ____________________.

77. ________________ is the leading cause of death for people ages 15-49.

78. In stage ____________________ of demographic transition, birth rates remain high and death rates have begun to drop due to improved food production and health.

79. China has cut its total fertility rate from 5.7 to ____________________ over the last 40 years.

80. Between 1972 and 2012, China cut its birth rate _______________.

81. What is the name given the shaded area indicated by the letter A?

82. If every woman on the earth had no more than a total of two children during her lifetime, the world population would still increase for 50 years. Why is this?

83. The United States has one of the largest ecological footprints of any nation. We also have the fastest population increase of any developed nation. Does this combination of factors affect the ability of the United States to call for movement toward a sustainable global population?

84. Most of the factors that can reduce the rate of growth of a population are focused on women. Why is this the case? In what general ways are men involved in decisions on reproduction and population change?

85. Compare and contrast the efforts in India and China in regards to population control.

86. How and why is the replacement level fertility rate different in more-developed countries as compared with less-developed countries?

87. What type of rate is lower in more-developed countries as compared to less-developed countries and why?

88. For the United States, Australia, and Canada, which gender is represented by the largest numbers in the later years of life?

89. Which diagram has similar numbers of males and females in pre-reproductive and reproductive categories?

90. Given the following formula:

Population change = (Births + Immigration)  (Deaths + emigration)

What are two ways that the rate of the global population change can be reduced?