The Global Society Exam Prep Chapter 16

Test Bank

Chapter 16: The Global Society

Multiple Choice

1. Most scholars believe that globalization began at one of three times: since the emergence of humanity, since the development of capitalism, or since ______.

a. the Revolutionary War

b. the Great Depression

c. the late 1900s

d. the end of colonialism

2. Most definitions of globalization argue that globalization is marked by increasing ______ and ______.

a. connectivity; interdependency

b. interdependency; heterogeneity

c. interdependency; homogeneity

d. connectivity; homogeneity

3. Appadurai refers to global and cultural flows—such as the movement of people or technology across borders—as which of the following?

a. scapes

b. transnational practices

c. time-space distanciation

d. glocalization

4. Western cultural imperialism, McDonaldization, and coca-colonization are all consequences of globalization that would be categorized as ______.

a. homogeneous and weak

b. homogeneous and strong

c. heterogeneous and weak

d. heterogeneous and strong

5. Wallerstein’s belief that all social systems are formed, maintained, and destroyed through conflict can be traced most readily to the work of ______.

a. Karl Marx

b. Joseph Schumpeter

c. Talcott Parsons

d. Émile Durkheim

6. According to Wallerstein’s world-system analysis, capitalist domination is rooted in ______.

a. class-based struggle in the core

b. capitalists’ control of the state apparatus

c. the homogenizing impact of science

d. the positive norm of universalism

7. Which of the following is one of the factors Wallerstein attributes to the origin of the modern world-capitalist system?

a. expansion of petty commodity production

b. expansion of wage labor around the world

c. development of international currency markets

d. development of strong states dictating economic trade

8. Which area controls a vast majority of the world’s wealth while producing a highly skilled workforce?

a. core

b. periphery

c. semiperiphery

d. local market

9. Central America, the Caribbean, and Africa are all part of the ______.

a. semiperiphery

b. supra-periphery

c. periphery

d. core

10. Which of the following must be present for a capitalist system to exist?

a. an established world-system

b. an emphasis on endlessly accumulating more capital

c. the ability to mass-produce objects

d. very little involvement from governments

11. In peripheral regions of the world system, much of the labor is ______.

a. subsistence labor

b. entrepreneurial

c. exploited

d. wage labor

12. According to the authors’ metatheoretical framework, Wallerstein’s basic theoretical orientation is ______.

a. collective and rational

b. collective and nonrational

c. individual and rational

d. individual and nonrational

13. The duality of structure asserts the interdependence of ______ and ______.

a. agency; structure

b. external forces; internal forces

c. individual; society

d. rules; resources

14. Which of the following best defines rules?

a. commonsense, generalizable procedures for action

b. the ability to make things happen

c. forces that exist outside of particular interactions

d. evolving responses to increased risk

15. According to Giddens, how are social systems distinct from social structure?

a. Social systems exist only in the moment of action.

b. Social systems are reproduced across time and space.

c. Social systems can be positively impacted by time-space distanciation.

d. Social systems produce both trust and risk.

16. According to Giddens, what else increases as trust increases?

a. globalization

b. security

c. danger

d. risk

17. What would happen in a post-scarcity system?

a. A globally coordinated effort would ensure everyone had the resources they need.

b. Production would focus more on food products than on technology products.

c. There would be more entrepreneurs engaging in creative projects.

d. Risks would be more equally shared.

18. According to Beck, what is the scope of crises during Second Modernity?

a. They are global in nature.

b. They primarily exist within nation-states.

c. They affect only poor communities.

d. They are visible and thus readily addressed.

19. According to Beck, as work has become more flexible in reflexive modernization, what has been a primary consequence?

a. Higher rates of unemployment

b. Higher rates of underemployment

c. Lower rates of unemployment

d. Lower rates of underemployment

20. Over time, risks have changed from ______ to ______.

a. natural; human-made

b. deadly; harmful

c. visible; invisible

d. global; local

21. Which of the following refers to the dominant framework that assumes states are the main forces shaping the world?

a. grobalization

b. Second Modernity

c. reflexive modernization

d. methodological nationalism

22. According to Beck, what paradoxically triggered the decline of environmental politics?

a. organized irresponsibility

b. global ecological risks

c. cosmopolitanism

d. decreased discourse around the environment

23. The McDonaldization of society involves increasing ______.

a. efficiency and unpredictability

b. inefficiency and predictability

c. efficiency and predictability

d. inefficiency and unpredictability

24. ______ refers to the process by which corporations impose their influence around the world.

a. Glocalization

b. Grobalization

c. McDonaldization

d. Mass production

25. Ritzer argues that most glocalized products are ______ and most grobalized products are ______.

a. something; nothing

b. nothing; something

c. something; something

d. nothing; nothing

True/False

26. Most theorists agree on when the process of globalization began.

27. Immanuel Wallerstein’s contribution to the study of globalization included his five dimensions of global cultural flows.

28. Rising fundamentalism and ethnic conflicts reflect a strong, heterogeneous consequence of globalization.

29. In Sklair’s formulation, the transnational capitalist class includes executives, state actors, and consumers.

30. Wallerstein believed that capitalism as an economic system would eventually disappear.

31. Wallerstein theorized two types of world-systems: world-government and world-economy.

32. Wallerstein argues that class and race are both important factors contributing to oppression.

33. The best way to study the world-system is by independently studying its components.

34. Wallerstein argues that in a capitalist world-economy, the free market reigns.

35. According to Wallerstein, subsistence activity includes household chores, such as cooking a meal at home.

36. Giddens’s conceptions of agency and structure reflect functionalist theories.

37. According to Giddens, structures are bound by the time and space of a particular interaction.

38. Increased trust is associated with decreased risk.

39. According to Giddens, one high-consequence risk that we face today is the possibility of nuclear war.

40. Beck argues that science undermines itself by producing uncertainty.

41. Shared values, not just scientific facts, must be used to assess what level of risk is acceptable.

42. The current discourse around climate change mostly comes from concerned citizens.

43. Beck argues that the environment is changing separately from human society.

44. The media uses the representation of risks to make the invisible visible.

45. According to Beck, stabilizing the climate requires adopting a cosmopolitan vision.

46. A chain restaurant found around the world is an example of a nonplace.

47. Glocalization emphasizes the persistence of heterogeneity around the world.

48. Concerts by famous bands performed in local venues are an example of glocalization.

49. The emergence of nothing precedes the development of grobalization.

50. The overall social trend is an increase in nothing and a decline in something.

Essay

51. Define globalization.

52. Define one of Appadurai’s five dimensions of global cultural flows, providing an example and explaining how it connects to globalization.

53. Compare and contrast the two main positions on where globalization is heading.

54. How did Joseph Schumpeter and Karl Polanyi’s work influence Wallerstein’s theories?

55. Explain the role a state apparatus plays within the modern world-capitalist system.

56. Define Giddens’s duality of structure and how Giddens addresses the relationship between structure and agency.

57. Explain how agency connects to rules and resources.

58. What is time-space distanciation, and how does this process affect our relationships?

59. What does Beck mean by organized irresponsibility? How does this connect to risk?

60. What is methodological nationalism, and why does Beck argue this framework is inadequate?

61. How does Beck conceptualize the relationship between climate change and social inequalities?

62. Compare and contrast grobalization and glocalization.

63. Explain how grobalization can produce primarily nothing while occasionally producing something.

64. Analyze who is most likely to purchase nothing.

65. What does Ritzer mean by the McDonaldization of society?