Poststructuralism Test Bank Docx Ch14

Test Bank

Chapter 14: Poststructuralism

Multiple Choice

1. French structuralism differs from American structural functionalism in that French structuralism focuses on ______.

a. the patterns of human social organization

b. the role of language in the organization of systems of ideas

c. the role world-systems play in social life

d. systematic understandings of deviant social roles

2. Which of the following was thoroughly critiqued by emerging poststructuralist scholars?

a. epistemes

b. relativism

c. semiotic model

d. sexist language

3. Which concept is defined as a framework of knowledge that shapes our language and logic?

a. archaeology

b. episteme

c. genealogy

d. discipline

4. Foucault’s method of exposing forms of discourse as they have developed and changed across time is called ______.

a. archaeology

b. linguistic analysis

c. genealogy

d. epistemology

5. Genealogy, one of Foucault’s methods of analysis, focuses on ______.

a. the role of discourse in the production of knowledge

b. the interrelationship of knowledge and power

c. the role of religion as a framework of knowledge

d. the independence of language from the notions of power

6. For Foucault, power is in its most potent form when it is embodied within ______.

a. the individual

b. social structures

c. coercive practices

d. systems of knowledge

7. Foucault studied the Panopticon because it was the idealized embodiment of ______.

a. corporal punishment

b. mental torture

c. surveillance and discipline

d. disciplinary society

8. Which of the following would you expect to find in a disciplinary society?

a. A team of police that brutally enforces the law.

b. A state with high levels of incarceration.

c. Techniques of surveillance integrated into institutions.

d. A highly detailed penal code.

9. Foucault adds ___________ dimensions to structuralism’s theoretical orientation.

a. collectivistic and nonrationalistic

b. collectivistic and rationalistic

c. individualistic and nonrationalistic

d. individualistic and rationalistic

10. According to Foucault, the power of the Panopticon stems from its ______.

a. visibility and unverifiability

b. invisibility and unverifiability

c. visibility and verifiability

d. invisibility and verifiability

11. Foucault suggests that the contemporary decline of corporal punishment reflects which of the following?

a. movement toward restorative justice

b. transformation in the technologies of power

c. more value being placed in humaneness

d. changing discourse around penology

12. Authors and publishers debating over what counts as “literature” or as “publishable” exemplify which concept from Bourdieu?

a. social capital

b. habitus

c. institution

d. field

13. According to Bourdieu, which of the following best describes symbolic power?

a. controlling economic capital through laws

b. illegitimate uses of force

c. the ability to name the world

d. the production and dissemination of graffiti

14. What does Bourdieu mean by defining “habitus” as the “internalization of externality”?

a. We acquire dispositions from the world around us.

b. We create our meanings when we apprehend the world.

c. We develop our preferences based on explicit conversations with others.

d. We encounter objective forces that we must individualize.

15. For Bourdieu, knowledge, taste, and language ability are forms of ______ capital.

a. social

b. symbolic

c. cultural

d. economic

16. Taylor gets an internship at a good company because her mom knows the company’s hiring manager. Which form of capital is Taylor using here?

a. social

b. symbolic

c. cultural

d. economic

17. Which of Bourdieu’s terms would sit in the exact center of the authors’ axes of action and order?

a. symbolic power

b. fields

c. habitus

d. cultural capital

18. When does a piece of art become a symbolic good?

a. When the artist explains the meaning of the art.

b. When a person has the tools to interpret the art.

c. When a tour guide gives the correct interpretation of the art.

d. When a museum decides to display the art.

19. Who was the father of postcolonial studies?

a. Edward Said

b. Frantz Fanon

c. Immanuel Wallerstein

d. Michel Foucault

20. What is the central paradox in the development of cultural identity?

a. One cannot be superior without an inferior used for sake of comparison.

b. A cultural identity only comes into creation once it is named.

c. A cultural identity is collective, but must still be internalized.

d. All people possess all and no cultural identities at the same time.

21. Which of the following is one dimension of Said’s Orientalism?

a. Orientalism is a study of colonizers.

b. Orientalism provides unbiased research.

c. Orientalism is a source of power over the Orient.

d. Orientalism is a method for global discourse.

22. Edward Said’s work on imaginative geography is shaped by concepts from which two theorists?

a. Durkheim and Simmel

b. Parsons and Merton

c. Gramsci and Foucault

d. Horkheimer and Adorno

23. Contemporary forms of Orientalism can be seen via the West’s views of ______.

a. Japanese

b. Indians

c. Arabs

d. Israelis

24. What is one way that colonizers use language to define the “Other”?

a. They characterize the colonized “Other” as inferior and weak.

b. They talk with the “Other” to understand their perspective.

c. They meet with local leaders to come to a mutual understanding.

d. They use scientific research to create unbiased analyses.

25. What do postcolonial studies examine?

a. The economic relationship between the colonizer and the colonized

b. How the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized occurs in language

c. The ability of the colonized to develop an identity during colonialism

d. How the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized is reflected in religion

True/False

26. Foucault would articulate his position by saying that “knowledge is power.”

27. Psychiatric labels and treatments would be considered an episteme by Foucault.

28. Foucault’s phases of punishment included public torture, the Panopticon, and the disciplinary society.

29. The third phase of punishment is marked by destructured and individualized power.

30. Foucault rejected all aspects of French structuralism.

31. The Panopticon is effective because people know they are always being watched.

32. The Panopticon allows fewer people to wield more power.

33. One strength of the Panopticon is that the observers can also be observed.

34. Discipline is a type of power that transcends any single institution.

35. The disciplinary society is characterized by exclusion and isolation.

36. The habitus can be understood as dispositions and structures that shape how we experience the world.

37. According to Bourdieu, habitus can readily be used to challenge inequality.

38. Economic capital is often used to gain other forms of capital.

39. Titles are an example of symbolic capital.

40. People with less education are better able to form independent opinions about art.

41. Even after colonizers relinquish their rule, the colonized struggled to shed their label of the “Other.”

42. Spivak argues that scholars must actively work to allow the subaltern to speak for themselves.

43. According to Said, early writers about the Orient sought to become more accurate in their descriptions.

44. The concept of orientalism sits within the collective, rational theoretical quadrant.

45. The Orient as a geographic region came into being only when scholars began studying it.

46. Napoleon began his conquest of Egypt with a show of military force.

47. Said was known for his critiques of Israeli policies and his attention to the “Palestinian question.”

48. Bourdieu agrees with Marx’s understanding of social class.

49. Said refers to the social production of Europe and the Orient as imaginative geography.

50. Portraying the Orient as inferior is necessary for portraying Europe as superior.

Essay

51. Explain poststructuralism in your own words.

52. Explain the differences between American structuralism and French structuralism.

53. Define and explain the difference between Foucault’s methodologies of archaeology and genealogy.

54. Discuss how Foucault conceptualized the relationship between knowledge and power.

55. Explain why Foucault studied the Panopticon and how it plays into his larger body of work on punishment.

56. Define Bourdieu’s concept of habitus. What is the relationship between habitus and social structure (space)?

57. Define and distinguish between economic, cultural, and social capital. Provide examples from real life of each of these forms.

58. Discuss the connection between symbolic capital, symbolic power, and symbolic violence as outlined by Bourdieu.

59. According to Bourdieu, what is the relationship between art, education, and culture?

60. How does Said’s Orientalism build on Foucault’s arguments about knowledge/power?

61. What are postcolonial studies?

62. Analyze the relationship between the colonizer and “the Other,” according to Said.

63. Define Orientalism and list its three main dimensions.

64. Unpack and explain Foucault’s methodological tools. Apply them to an area in your life or issue in our society that you feel illustrates a relationship between power and knowledge.

65. Define Foucault’s three phases of punishment. Providing real-world examples, discuss whether you agree or disagree that we have entered into a disciplinary society. What role does technology have to play?