The Elements In Nature And Industry Chapter.22 Test Bank - Chemistry Molecular Nature 8e Complete Test Bank by Martin Silberberg. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 22 Test Bank
The Elements in Nature and Industry
1. The Earth's core consists mainly of
A. Ni
B. O
C. Al
D. Si
E. Fe
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
2. The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the Earth's crust has been to
A. create a reducing atmosphere.
B. create an oxidizing atmosphere.
C. increase the relative humidity.
D. decrease the relative humidity.
E. increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
3. The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is
A. H
B. Fe
C. Al
D. Si
E. O
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
4. Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as
A. sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur.
B. sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion.
C. oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen.
D. oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them.
E. the uncombined elements, because they are noble metals.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Properties of Transition Metals
Topic: Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds
5. Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as
A. sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur.
B. sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion.
C. oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen.
D. oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them.
E. None of these choices are correct.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Properties of Transition Metals
Topic: Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds
6. The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called
A. differentiation.
B. liquefaction.
C. fixation.
D. deposition.
E. remediation.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
7. The atmosphere contains about 700. billion metric tons of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. In the carbon cycle, about 200. billion metric tons of carbon (as carbon dioxide) enters the atmosphere each year. Assuming that 200. billion metric tons of carbon also leaves the atmosphere annually, how many years does the average carbon atom spend in the atmosphere in each cycle?
A. 0.29 years
B. 3.5 years
C. 500. years
D. 140,000 years
E. More information is needed in order to calculate the answer.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Cycling of Elements
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
8. Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?
A. Biological
B. Atmospheric
C. Industrial
D. Industrial ≈ Atmospheric
E. Industrial ≈ Biological
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
9. When nitrogen undergoes atmospheric fixation, it enters the sea and land in the form of
A. NO.
B. NO2.
C. NH3.
D. NO3–.
E. NH4+.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Cycling of Elements
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
10. What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?
A. Phosphides
B. Phosphites
C. Phosphors
D. Phosphates
E. Elemental phosphorus
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
11. Plants extract phosphate from the soil
A. by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near roots.
B. by converting it to phosphoric acid.
C. by osmosis.
D. by leaching.
E. by fixation.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Cycling of Elements
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
12. The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called
A. aluminite.
B. hematite.
C. galena.
D. cinnabar.
E. bauxite.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
13. The most common source for commercial production of sodium is called
A. sodalite.
B. limestone.
C. halite.
D. galena.
E. pyrite.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
14. The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called
A. roasting.
B. leaching.
C. smelting.
D. flotation.
E. hydration.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
15. The process of converting metal sulfides to metal oxides is called
A. roasting.
B. smelting.
C. reduction.
D. leaching.
E. oxidation.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
16. The debris accompanying a mineral is called
A. slag.
B. gangue.
C. ore.
D. halite.
E. ash.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
17. The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called
A. zone refining.
B. electrorefining.
C. distillation.
D. sublimation.
E. alloying.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
18. Pyrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.
A. solid phase chemical properties
B. electrical processes
C. thermal processes
D. aqueous chemical processes
E. explosives
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
19. Electrometallurgy uses _________________ to separate a metal from its ore.
A. solid phase chemical properties
B. electrical processes
C. thermal processes
D. aqueous chemical processes
E. molten salt processes
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
20. Hydrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.
A. solid phase chemical properties
B. electrical processes
C. thermal processes
D. aqueous chemical processes
E. molten salt processes
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
21. Alloying a metal is done to
A. make its extraction from its ore easier.
B. convert the metal to an oxide.
C. disguise the true identity of the metal.
D. prepare ultrapure metal samples.
E. enhance properties like conductivity.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
22. What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?
A. Fe and C
B. Fe and Mn
C. Fe and Ni
D. Cr and C
E. Fe, Cr, and Ni
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
23. The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?
A. Their reduction potentials are more positive than copper's.
B. Their reduction potentials are more negative than copper's.
C. They cannot be deposited on a copper electrode.
D. Their reduction potentials are more negative than water's.
E. Their reduction requires large overvoltages.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
24. The ______________ process uses a boiling 30% sodium hydroxide solution to treat bauxite.
A. Bayer
B. Hall-Heroult
C. Dow
D. Frasch
E. Haber
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
25. The Hall-Heroult process refers to
A. the production of aluminum by electrolysis.
B. the recovery of sulfur from underground deposits.
C. the manufacture of sulfuric acid.
D. the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases.
E. the isolation of Al2O3 from bauxite.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
26. Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because
A. it is a good source of fluoride ions.
B. it reduces the energy requirement of the process, due to its low melting point.
C. it provides a source of fluorine, an oxidizing agent.
D. it provides a source of sodium, a reducing agent.
E. it is very soluble in water.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
27. Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?
A. Al2O3
B. Al(OH)3
C. F–
D. AlF63–
E. C
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
28. What gas is produced during the Hall-Héroult process for production of aluminum?
A. chlorine, Cl2
B. oxygen, O2
C. hydrogen, H2
D. ammonia, NH3
E. carbon dioxide, CO2
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
29. The kinetic isotope effect is the basis for
A. the radioactivity of tritium.
B. isolation of pure D2O.
C. tritium's high reactivity.
D. the increase in boiling point when comparing hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium.
E. nuclear power generation.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
30. The Downs cell is used in the production of
A. copper.
B. hydrogen.
C. iron.
D. magnesium.
E. sodium.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
31. Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to
A. convert silicon and phosphorus oxides to slag which can be decanted from the molten steel.
B. serve as a scrubber to remove sulfur dioxide from the gases leaving the furnace.
C. remove any traces of acid which could weaken the steel.
D. add a small amount of oxygen to the steel to prevent corrosion and increase its strength.
E. create gangue.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
32. The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?
A. The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the alkali metals requires more energy than electrolysis of the molten salts.
B. The dissolved alkali earth halides are too reactive to be electrolyzed.
C. The aqueous metal ions are more difficult to reduce than water.
D. The reduction potentials of the alkali metals are more positive than the reduction potential of water.
E. The aqueous metal ions react violently with water.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
33. Electrolysis is used as the last step in isolating pure
A. iron.
B. boron.
C. aluminum.
D. selenium.
E. carbon.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
34. The Frasch process is used to
A. convert aluminum oxide to metallic aluminum.
B. convert copper ore to copper sulfide.
C. mine magnesium.
D. mine elemental sulfur.
E. produce sodium metal.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
35. Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO3 is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because
A. hydration of SO3 is very exothermic and difficult to control.
B. hydration of SO3 is very endothermic and proceeds too slowly to be profitable.
C. at high temperatures water vapor catalyzes polymerization of SO3.
D. vapor phase sulfuric acid is corrosive and limits the useful life of the reactor.
E. the water would decompose under such conditions.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
36. The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl2(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?
A. Na(s), H2(g)
B. H2(g), O2(g)
C. Hg(l), NaCl(s)
D. Na(s), O2(g)
E. NaOH(aq), H2(g)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
37. Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
38. Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Cycling of Elements
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
39. The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Cycling of Elements
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
40. The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
41. In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode is enriched in deuterium (hydrogen-2), compared to the more common isotope, protium (hydrogen-1).
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
42. The bond energy in the hydrogen molecule (H2) is greater than that of the tritium molecule (T2).
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
43. Hydrogen displays the largest kinetic isotope effect of all the elements.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
44. In the industrial electrolysis of aqueous NaCl (the chlor-alkali process), the modern trend is toward the use of cells incorporating polymer membranes to separate the anode and cathode solutions.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Elements in Nature
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
45. Which of the following general process occurs when a mineral is roasted?
A. metal sulfide is reduced to the metal
B. metal oxide is reduced to the metal
C. metal is converted to metal oxide
D. metal sulfide is converted to metal oxide
E. metal oxide dissolves in aqueous solution
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy
Topic: Environmental Chemistry
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 45
Bloom's: 1. Remember 42
Bloom's: 2. Understand 3
Difficulty: Easy 18
Difficulty: Medium 27
Gradable: automatic 45
Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry 2
Subtopic: Cycling of Elements 5
Subtopic: Elements in Nature 13
Subtopic: Mining and Metallurgy 23
Subtopic: Properties of Transition Metals 2
Topic: Environmental Chemistry 43
Topic: Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds 2
Document Information
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Chemistry Molecular Nature 8e Complete Test Bank
By Martin Silberberg
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